Children’s Rights in Secure Residential Youth Care in the Netherlands

This study examines the extent to which secure residential youth care in the Netherlands complies with children’s rights as laid down in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (uncrc) and the Dutch Youth Act. Residential group climate was measured with the Prison Group Climate Instrument (pgci), which assesses quality of group care from the perspective of the three basic needs for human self-determination: contact, autonomy and competence. Results indicate that children’s rights are a subsidiary issue in secure residential youth care in The Netherlands, because groups workers and staff have insufficient understanding of children’s rights and Dutch legislation on youth care. Dutch law allows secure facilities to make their own policy on youth care delivery, but it seems that policies are insufficiently explicit about children’s rights. Results of this study can be used to work on the fulfilment of children’s rights in secure residential youth care.

Applying Genomic Epidemiology to Characterize a COVID-19 Outbreak in a Developmentally Disabled Adult Group Home Setting, Arizona

Individuals living in congregate settings, including those in group homes, have been disproportionately impacted by COVID-19 and may be at increased risk of exposure or infection due to underlying illness. In mid-May 2020, local public health officials responded to an outbreak of COVID-19 among staff and residents associated with a multi-residential group home that provides care for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Samples were collected at 16 of the homes. In four of the homes all the residents tested positive, and in the remaining 12 houses where samples were collected, all residents tested negative. Of the 152 individuals tested, 15/58 (25.9%) residents and 27/94 (28.7%) staff were positive for SARS-CoV-2, including eight hospitalizations and four deaths. Phylogenetic analysis of genomes from this outbreak in the context of genomes from Northern Arizona shows that very few mutations separate the samples from this outbreak. A potential transmission network was developed to illustrate person-place epidemiologic linkages and further demonstrates the dynamic connections between staff and residents with respect to each group home location. Epidemiologic and genomic evidence correlate, and suggest that asymptomatic infected staff likely introduced and spread COVID-19 in this setting. Implementation of public health prevention measures alongside rapid genomic analysis can help guide policy development and guide management efforts to prevent and mitigate future outbreaks.

Cooperation in a Larger World

This chapter has three aims. First: it presents a positive account of the origins of multi-level society in human social life, for even the simplest forager bands are nested units in larger communities, and those bands are open, with quite free movement in and out, and with individuals having social allies in other bands. This makes possible cooperation in various guises at larger social and spatial scales. Great ape bands, and hence very likely early hominin bands, were closed, with an individual’s residential group being his/her whole social world. Second, it introduces the reader to group selection models of the evolution of human cooperation. Third, it argues against the view that human social life in the Pleistocene was structured by regular intergroup conflict and by its permanent threat.

Morphological periodization of large-scale residential development in Krasnoyarsk

This article is dedicated to examination and testing of the modern methods of morphological analysis of the territories of large-scale residential development. The urban planning theory marks the emergence of works on the study of morphotypification of residential construction of different periods. A number of recent publications provide the analysis of the morphotypes of urban environment using GIS technologies to determine such parameters as the density of urban fabric, porosity and ratio of open and closed spaces, number of storeys in a building; nature of the relative positions of buildings in a residential group, neighborhood unit, etc. The author outlines the new vectors in studying construction patterns and evolution of topography of large-scale residential development plan. The goal of this research lies in determination of the morphological periods of large-scale residential development in Krasnoyarsk based on the analysis of topology, study of the structure of the plan based on geoinformation data analysis. The article aims to determine the construction periods of large-scale residential development through the use of mathematical analysis; analyze the topology of the plan of living quarters of various construction periods; establish the morphotypes of residential planning units that are characteristic to the periods of large-scale residential construction; substantiate the morphological periods of neighborhood units of large-scale residential development. The author describes the typical morphotopes of residential development of the city based on determination of the preferred geometry and number of storeys in a building: “ribbon”, “dot”, “spline”, “L-shaped”, “U-shaped”, “circuit”. The article conducts a comprehensive calculation of morphotopes based on the key indicators, and reveals the morphotypes characteristic to different periods of large-scale residential construction: 1st period (1960–1975) – “ribbon development”; 2nd period (1975–1990) – “sporadic building” due to varying geometry of the building plan; 3rd  period (1990–2010) – “mixed housing” due to coexistence of different types of buildings; 4th period (2010–2020) – “homogeneous development” due to the presence of typical, recurring morphotope. Substantiation is given to morphological periods of residential construction.

Temporal Changes in Air Quality According to Land-Use Using Real Time Big Data from Smart Sensors in Korea

This study analyzed the changes in particulate matter concentrations according to land-use over time and the spatial characteristics of the distribution of particulate matter concentrations using big data of particulate matter in Daejeon, Korea, measured by Private Air Quality Monitoring Smart Sensors (PAQMSSs). Land-uses were classified into residential, commercial, industrial, and green groups according to the primary land-use around the 650-m sensor radius. Data on particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <10 µm (PM10) and <2.5 µm (PM2.5) were captured by PAQMSSs from September‒October (i.e., fall) in 2019. Differences and variation characteristics of particulate matter concentrations between time periods and land-uses were analyzed and spatial mobility characteristics of the particulate matter concentrations over time were analyzed. The results indicate that the particulate matter concentrations in Daejeon decreased in the order of industrial, housing, commercial and green groups overall; however, the concentrations of the commercial group were higher than those of the residential group during 21:00–23:00, which reflected the vital nighttime lifestyle in the commercial group in Korea. Second, the green group showed the lowest particulate matter concentration and the industrial group showed the highest concentration. Third, the highest particulate matter concentrations were in urban areas where commercial and business functions were centered and in the vicinity of industrial complexes. Finally, over time, the PM10 concentrations were clearly high at noon and low at night, whereas the PM2.5 concentrations were similar at certain areas.

DESAIN FASILITAS OLAHRAGA DAN REKREASI DENGAN PENDEKATAN KANONIS DI DURI KEPA, JAKARTA

The problem of population density has become a fairly common problem in big cities. The effects that can arise from population problems include the appearance of slums, the decline in environmental quality, and the impact on psychological conditions in the form of stress. One method that can solve the problem due to population density is the construction of supporting facilities. Housing can be adequate and improve its quality because of the availability of supporting facilities in a residential group. This is because supporting facilities can facilitate direct contact between individuals, where several individuals can communicate. The existence of public facilities can also facilitate recreational activities such as sports that can reduce the impact of stress. So it takes place for people who want to gather, treats stress, loneliness, and alienation, not only as a place to escape but also to relax, be entertained, and also get peace in it. The Sports and Recreation Facility at Duri Kepa is a project created so that the community, especially the Duri Kepa residents, have a place to relax, unwind, and be free to express themselves as manifested in sports and recreation activities. The design methodology used is canonical design, a design approach based on various aspects such as the geometrical aspects of objects, proportional systems, modules, and mass order, all of which lead to rule as the basis of design. This project seeks to meet the physical and social needs of the village community easily reached from the first place and second place. This project will be a place for community social interaction. Keywords: Canonic Design; Recreation; Sport; Stress; Supporting Facilities AbstrakMasalah kepadatan penduduk sudah menjadi masalah yang cukup lazim di kota besar. Efek yang dapat ditimbulkan dari masalah kependudukan, antara lain munculnya kawasan kumuh, turunya kualitas lingkungan dan dampak terhadap kondisi psikologis berupa stress. Salah satu metode yang dapat memecahkan masalah akibat padatnya penduduk yaitu pembangunan fasilitas pendukung. Suatu perumahan dapat menjadi efektif dan meningkat kualitasnya karena ketersediaan fasilitas pendukung di suatu kelompok hunian. Hal ini dikarenakan fasilitas pendukung dapat memfasilitasi kontak langsung antar individual, dimana beberapa individual dapat melakukan komunikasi. Kemudian adanya fasilitas umum juga dapat memfasilitasi kegiatan rekreasional seperti olahraga yang dapat mengurangi dampak stress. Sehingga dibutuhkan suatu tempat bagi orang yang ingin berkumpul, mengobati stress,kesepian dan keterasingan, tidak hanya dijadikan tempat untuk melarikan diri, tetapi dimana orang akan bersantai, terhibur dan juga mendapatkan ketenangan didalamnya. Fasilitas Olahraga dan Rekreasi di Duri Kepa adalah sebuah proyek yang dibuat agar masyarakat khususnya warga Duri Kepa memiliki tempat untuk bersantai, melepas bosan, dan bebas untuk berekspresi di dalamnya yang diwujudkan dalam aktivitas berolahraga dan berekreasi. Metode desain yang digunakan adalah desain kanonis yaitu perancangan berdasarkan berbagai aspek tertentu seperti sistem proporsi, aspek geometrika objek, tatanan massa, modul yang mengarah kepada keteraturan. Proyek ini berusaha untuk memenuhi kebutuhan fisik maupun sosial masyarakat kelurahannya dengan mudah di jangkau dari first place maupun second place. Project ini akan menjadi tempat yang mewadahi interaksi sosial masyarakat.