Household budget management and women’s position in peasant families in the Polish lands in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries

Rural History ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Elwira Wilczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Budget Management ◽  
Decisive Importance ◽  
The Family ◽  
Female Part ◽  
Household Budget ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Women's Earnings ◽  
Peasant Women

Abstract This article attempts to answer the question about the position of women in Polish peasant families in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries based on the memoirs of rural women. Contrary to the claim that taking control over the household budget gave women more power on the farm, memoirs of peasant women show that it was rather an additional duty and responsibility. This problem mainly affected low-income families, where income from typically male activities was insufficient, so homemakers supported the family from the female part of the farm: gardening and dairy production. Thus, despite the decisive importance of women’s earnings for the household budget, their power in the family had only a symbolic dimension.

scholarly journals Dampak Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) terhadap Kesejahteraan Keluarga di Desa Padang Seurahet Kecamatan Johan Pahlawan Kabupaten Aceh Barat

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Lia Muliana ◽  
Mursyidin Mursyidin ◽  
Muharriyanti Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
Family Needs ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Family ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The Family Hope Program (PKH) is a conditional cash transfer program for low-income families. The requirement is to be actively involved in education and health. The Family Hope Program in Indonesia was implemented in 2007 to alleviate poverty and prosper low-income families. The research and writing of this journal aim to determine the impact of PKH on family welfare and see if there is a reduction in poverty after the government realizes the Family Hope Program. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The study results indicate that the impact of PKH on beneficiary families, including the cash provided, can meet consumption or family needs and help the economy of PKH recipient families. The implementation of the program can reduce poverty in Aceh. The percentage of the poverty rate fell to 0.02%. The limitation of the research is the impact of PKH on family welfare and wants to examine whether there is a decrease in the percentage of poverty in Aceh or Aceh Barat. The practical implication of this research is to provide information to the government that PKH can improve the welfare of low-income families. The social significance is to give the government and the general public that the implementation of social assistance programs, one of which is the Family Hope Program, can reduce poverty rates in Aceh or West Aceh. The originality of the research is supported by previous research related to the author’s research study.

The Effects of Behavioural Contracting and Preferred Reinforcement on Appointment Keeping

2000 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Hayes ◽  
Lisa A. Efron ◽  
Gina S. Richman ◽  
Kelley A. Harrison ◽  
Elizabeth L. Aguilera
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Treatment Implementation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Appointment Keeping ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Contingency Contract ◽  
Therapy Clinic

AbstractThe current study demonstrates the efficacy of using a behavioural contingency contract in conjunction with family-selected reinforcers to increase appointment keeping among low income families in a child and family therapy clinic. Three families with similar presenting problems participated. A multiple baseline across-subjects design with the addition of a reversal component was utilised. Upon treatment implementation, contracts were signed by family members stating that they would receive coupons valuing $30.00 after attending four consecutive clinic appointments. These coupons were selected by the family from a diverse menu. Results indicated increases in appointment keeping following implementation of the behavioural contract. The cost effectiveness of using a behavioural contract in conjunction with economic incentives with low-income families is discussed, and suggestions for future research on appointment keeping are made.

Why Members Dropout? An Evaluation of Factors Affecting Renewal in Micro Health Insurance

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Savitha
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Dropout Rate ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Micro Health Insurance ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Low Income Families

Micro health insurance (MHI) is an important mechanism to fight iatrogenic poverty in India. Its sustainability and viability depends, to a greater extent on the renewal of membership. This article evaluates the factors that influence renewal decisions in Sampoorna Suraksha Programme (SSP) in Karnataka. This study shows income class and chronic illness in the family to determine the renewability. The findings indicate adverse selection since low-income low-risk and high-income low-risk families dropout. From the social welfare point of view, renewal from high-risk low-income families is welcome; yet this should not jeopardize resource mobilization of SSP. Sustainable and viable operations of SSP depends on continued membership of insured population that can be achieved through external financial assistance for the poorest, wider network of hospitals and increased awareness on health insurance. Dropout rate in any MHI scheme should be kept very low to achieve deeper penetration and wider coverage especially in India where large percentage of population falls outside the insurance ambit.

scholarly journals Parenting in low-income families from the perspective of social work

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 03010
Author(s):  
A. Banovcinova ◽  
E. Mydlikova ◽  
M. Vodicková
Keyword(s):  
Corporal Punishment ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Positive Discipline ◽  
The Family ◽  
Comprehensive Development ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Role Of Parents

The family is the primary socializing factor. Its mission is to create a stable and safe environment for the child and for his comprehensive development. The role of parents is to give to a child the values and norms accepted in the society, which is a prerequisite for successful integration of a child into society. That is why the upbringing function of the family is regarded as one of the main. This feature is, however, influenced by many factors. The goal of the study was to find how poverty affects parenting. For the data collection was used questionnaire Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ), which measures parenthood through five dimensions (1) positive involvement with children, (2) Supervision and monitoring, (3) use of positive discipline techniques, (4) consistency in Theus of discipline chniques, (5) use of corporal punishment. The sample was divided into two groups, with the first group consisted of 188 parents living in poverty The reference group consisted of parents living in households with income standard (N−188).Analysis of the results showed differences between parents living in poverty and between parents with a standard rate of income especially in monitoring and supervision, and also in the use of positive disciplinary techniques. On the contrary, there were no significant differences in cooperation between the parents or the use of corporal punishment. Based on the results it is clear that poverty is one of the factors affecting parenting. Therefore, social worker who works with low-income families should focus attention on this area of family functioning.

scholarly journals Accessing the Transition to Careers for Female Undergraduates in the Restructured University in New Brunswick

2006 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilee Reimer ◽  
Adele Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Women Students ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Baby Boom ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Career Transition ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
The Family ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The University

The reality of “non-traditional” students attending Canadian universities is increasing with the absence of the baby-boom echo generation in Atlantic Canada and several other provinces. Women students who are “first-in-the-family” face multiple disadvantages in accessing the university to career transition process, none more central than the invisibility of that career transition to students from low income families or those with no previous post-secondary education. This institutional ethnography examines how three universities in New Brunswick are addressing the specific needs of these students and the question of access to careers for non-traditional women students. La réalité des étudiants "non- traditionnels" suivant des cours aux universités canadiennes augmente avec l'absence de la génération de baby boom dans les provinces atlantiques et dans plusieurs d'autres provinces du Canada. Les femmes étudiantes qui sont les "premières de la famille" doivent faire face aux multiples désavantages quand elles cherchent un accès au processus de transition vers une carrière, dont le désavantage le plus important n'est autre que l'invisibilité de cette transition pour les étudiantes venant des familles économiquement faibles ou pour celles auxquelles manque l'enseignement post secondaire. Cette étude ethnographique institutionnelle examine comment trois étudiantes du Nouveau- Brunswick s'adressent à leurs besoins spécifiques. Elle examine aussi la question d'accès aux carrières pour les étudiantes non-traditionnelles.

Family Allowances and Family Policy: the Italian Case

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-143
Author(s):  
Domenicantonio Fausto
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Family Policy ◽  
Payroll Tax ◽  
Italian Case ◽  
Lump Sum ◽  
The Family ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Child Allowances ◽  
Family Allowance ◽  
Family Allowances

Abstract In 1936 Italy adopted a family allowance system which was employment-based and financed by a payroll tax. On time, the system moved in the direction of providing allowances for all families. However, since the early 1980's, a particularly significant trend has been to target family allowances towards low-income families. In more recent times, a fundamental change has been suggested towards a system closely resembling public assistance, giving more room to the income tax treatment of the family. The paper tries to advance arguments in favour of a family policy based on the combination of lump-sum child allowances (not income-tested) with progressive taxation.

scholarly journals The Socio-economic Factors Affecting Plant Home Gardens

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Jawad Atef Al-Dala'een
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
The Family ◽  
Stratified Sample ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Household Gardens ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

The objective of this research is to highlight the socio-economic characteristics of households that practice urban plant production through their household gardens. The questionnaire was a tool used to collect data. Stratified sample was which divided the population into six strata. The first five strata were depending on family income, while the sixth strata was depending on the households in suburban areas. The results showed that the distribution of gardens was affected by the family income, the free space inside household. Most of households showed that the production is used either for family consumption or used as entertainment tool inside household. The educational level affected the care for household gardens. In low income families, the low educational individual used to care for gardens, while the contrary was recorded for higher income layers. In the suburban areas, the care for garden was taken over by all family members.

scholarly journals Low-income families' perceptions on the use of drugs by one of their members

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayra Martins ◽  
Manoel Antonio dos Santos ◽  
Sandra Cristina Pillon
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Educational Groups ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Socially Excluded

Families who are socially excluded are vulnerable to problems related to the use of psychoactive substances. This study aimed to identify the perception regarding drugs use among families that lived in extreme poverty and participated in a social-educational group in the suburbs of a city in the interior of São Paulo State. A survey-like quantitative study was conducted involving 70 members of families who participated in the social-educational groups of the Program for Integral Assistance to the Family. Results indicated that 67 (95.7%) of the subjects were married, at an average age of 37, most of them had not completed grade school, and were unemployed. Fifty five (78.6%) had a family member who used alcohol, fifty two (74,3%) smoked, and twenty three (32.9%) used some kind of illicit drug. The results also showed that living with a relative who was a drug user was perceived as problem that elicited feelings resentment, but also conformism on the part of other family members.

scholarly journals Poverty and family resilience in Belém-Pará

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Araújo Matos ◽  
Edson Marcos Ramos Leal ◽  
Fernando Augusto Ramos Pontes ◽  
Simone Souza Costa e Silva
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Family Resilience ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Single Parent Family ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive

AbstractFamily resilience is a complex, multi-determined behavior caused by the inseparable action of risk and protection factors. The purpose of this paper is to associate aspects of family resilience with multiple dimensions of poverty through a quantitative, descriptive, correlative, exploratory study with a sample of 448 low-income families in thirteen Social Assistance Reference Centers in Belém, Pará. The instruments used in the study were the Family Resilience Profile Questionnaire, the Social and Demographic Inventory, and the Family Poverty Rate. The results state that the families are not living in extreme poverty; however, they still face adversities due to the poverty. A significant presence of women, where 90.6% of the participants were mothers living in a single-parent family, attests that women are still the part of the population most affected by poverty. Furthermore, the results showed that the higher the poverty level, the lower the family resilience, and aspects such as work, knowledge and human development, especially child development, are aspects that enhance family resources to face adversities.

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