‘Time's Strange Revenges’: Coalition and the India Office, November 1916 – July 1917

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 33-49
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Proper Place ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
War Effort ◽  
Personal Sacrifice

Like most Conservatives, by the spring of 1915 Chamberlain was gravely concerned by the Asquith government's conduct of the war. He was also convinced that the situation demanded a radical response. During the May 1915 crisis he played a significant role both in stiffening Law's resolve to join a coalition and in converting those like Carson and Cecil who doubted the wisdom of such a course: a position he defended with the argument that ‘the responsibility of refusing is even greater than that of accepting, and in fact we have no choice’. In the ministerial reshuffle which followed, he lobbied strenuously on behalf of Milner and was prepared to ‘make any personal sacrifice … to secure his inclusion’. Characteristically, however, Chamberlain took no part in the manoeuvring for office personally and declared himself content to ‘go anywhere where I can be useful’. In the event, Milner was excluded and Chamberlain received the India Office. Even with the benefit of a close relationship with the experienced Viceroy, Lord Hardinge, the burdens of this new department soon proved formidable. Chamberlain had no knowledge of India and its problems beyond his brief chairmanship of a Commission on Indian Finance two years before. Moreover, by 1915 India was deeply involved in the Imperial war effort and Chamberlain inherited a campaign in Mesopotamia with the realization that formal constitutional control from London would inevitably be much diluted during wartime. In his first letter to the Viceroy he had thus urged ‘a rigorous concentration of effort on the essential points of the struggle’ because there was ‘always a danger that the General on the spot will see his own needs and opportunities so strongly that they will not take their proper place in the perspective of the whole scheme of the war’. Unfortunately this proved to be an all too prescient apprehension.

scholarly journals Propaganda, Censorship, and Book Drives: The Newark Public Library in World War I

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
George Robb
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
Public Library ◽  
World War ◽  
Reading Material ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
War Effort ◽  
Women Librarians

This article examines the activities of the Newark Public Library during World War I as a means of highlighting the significant role American libraries played in promoting the nation’s war effort. During the war public libraries were usually the most important information centers in their communities. They distributed books, pamphlets, and posters in support of a wide range of government initiatives, they organized war-related exhibits and classes, and they collected vast amounts of reading material for libraries at military camps. Newark’s chief librarians, John Cotton Dana and Beatrice Winser, oversaw many such patriotic initiatives, but they also became involved in more controversial campaigns to employ women librarians at military camps and to resist wartime calls for censorship of unpatriotic literature.

scholarly journals „Od nich przejąłem nazwy ptaków i owoców”. Obraz domu i rodziny w poetyckim ujęciu Czesława Miłosza

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-121
Author(s):  
Halina Turkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Nobel Prize Winner ◽  
Czeslaw Milosz ◽  
Close Relationship

The focus of the present article is on Czesław Miłosz poetry in which the Nobel Prize winner returns to his childhood places and people who played a significant role in the formation of his personality and identity. The poet links specific sides of his personality with his birthplace, Szetejnie on the River Nevezis, located “in the heart of Lithuania”. In his poetry, Miłosz devotes special attention to his mother, Weronika, from the Kunat family, and pays less attention to his father. He also remembers his grandfather Zygmunt Kunat, his wife Janina and other distant relatives. Miłosz creates the image of home and family through detailed poetic descriptions evoking at times episodes of a close relationship with his family members. Thus, the poet intends to express his appreciation for places that he is part of and gratitude to those who contributed to his existence in time, his formation and journey to eternity. 

scholarly journals Nature Centered Belief of Konguvelalars

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-27
Author(s):  
Jothimani T ◽  
Sundaramoorthi M
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Environment ◽  
Shared Beliefs ◽  
Close Relationship

Belief plays a significant role in human life. It forms the basis for various activities of human life. People living in a particular cultural environment are found to have shared beliefs with certain beliefs that are specific to a group alone. These specific beliefs are created because of Ethnicity, Environment, Occupation and Life style of the group. Konguvelalars have unique beliefs centered around nature because of their close relationship with nature, trees, plants, animals and birds, which are different from the beliefs held by the other people who are living in the same region. This assumption forms the basis of this research. It is essential to identify the reasons behind these unique beliefs because they can be lost over a period. Uthagarai in Krishnagiri district is chosen as the study area for this research to identify the reasons behind these unique beliefs.

scholarly journals RELIGIOUS SCHOLARS (‘ULAMĀ’) AND POLITICAL LEADERS (UMARĀ’) IN THE CLASSICAL MALAY TEXTS: A COMPARATIVE RELIGION APPROACH

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd. Noh Bin Abdul Jalil
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Comparative Religion ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Ruling Elite ◽  
Special Position ◽  
Malay Archipelago ◽  
Close Relationship

This paper aims in analyzing the roles of religious scholars (‘ulamā’) and political leaders (umarā’) during the Hindu-Buddhist and Islamic periods in the Malay Archipelago. Different roles have been entrusted to the religious authorities by the Malay rulers. During the period of Indian cultural and religious dominance, religious scholars had a special position at the court and played a significant role in maintaining the legitimacy of the king. Close relationship between religious scholars and the Malay rulers is also evident after the coming of Islam to the archipelago. Once again, religious authorities had been entrusted with a special role by the ruling elite. However, the new Muslim scholars took on a significantly different role with regard to functions from that of their Hindu-Buddhist predecessors. Analysis on the roles of both authorities will be made based on evidence found in two classical Malay texts namely the Sejarah Melayu and Bustān al-Salātīn. This paper concludes how, after the spread of Islam to the Malay Archipelago relationship between religious scholars and secular leaders changed drastically. Religious scholars (‘ulamā’) maintained a less direct relationship with political leaders compared to the role of the Brahmin of the devaraja cult. They merely acted as moral advisors to the rulers who would decide whether to accept or to reject religious advice presented to them based on the needs at that time.     

Imperial Defence

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Lieven
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Foreign Minister ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Crimean War ◽  
Military Planning ◽  
War Effort ◽  
Horse Industry

Contrary to the influential myth propagated by Tolstoy’sWar and Peace, the Russian war effort in 1812–14 was in reality intelligently conceived and purposefully executed under the overall direction of Alexander I, who was his own foreign minister and also played a significant role in military planning. Having analysed the strengths and weaknesses of the Russian armies, the efficiency of their supply lines, the mobilization of Russian manpower, and the significance of the Russian horse industry, the chapter concludes by examining the consequences of victory over Napoleon. Russian backwardness as revealed in the Crimean War owed less to the failings of Nicholas I than to the fact that the Industrial Revolution originated on Europe’s Western periphery and then took several generations to extend first to central and then to southern and eastern regions of the continent.

Enemies and Neutrals

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Webster
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
War Effort

This chapter focuses on people of enemy and neutral nationality in Britain—chiefly Germans, Italians, and Irish who served in the British armed forces and as war-workers and propagandists. Through these activities, many Germans and Italians who were in Britain at the outset of the war moved closer to the allied end of a spectrum running from enemy to ally. In the later stages of the war, their place at the enemy end of this spectrum was taken by Germans and Italians who arrived as prisoners of war. Nationality played a significant role in shaping the fate of Italians and Germans and their descendants—those who were British-born or naturalized Britons were treated differently. The chapter considers the complex questions of identity involved when people of enemy and neutral nationality contributed to the British war effort and their complex national and family allegiances.

The Ahl-e-Hadith: From British India to Britain

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
HIRA AMIN ◽  
AZHAR MAJOTHI
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
British India ◽  
The South ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Continuous Presence ◽  
The 1960S

Abstract Studies on Salafism tend to put the spotlight on the Middle East, rendering all other movements as secondary offshoots. In the British context, research typically focuses on British Salafi groups and their close relationship with Arab Salafis; it usually locates the origins of the British Salafi movement in the 1980s with the rise of cohorts among second-generation Muslims and converts to Islam, with fleeting remarks on the South Asian Ahl-e-Hadith who migrated to Britain from the 1960s onwards. This article recentres the South Asian Ahl-e-Hadith movement within the narrative of British Salafism. Tracing its trajectory from its origins in British India to Britain, this article argues that in the 1970s the Ahl-e-Hadith played a significant role in laying the foundations for British Salafism. Furthermore, far from being eclipsed by newer cohorts, it highlights the hitherto continuous presence of the Ahl-e-Hadith in the British Muslim landscape and emphasizes its overlapping, yet distinct, position in relation to the spectrum of Arab-inspired British Salafism.

scholarly journals Exercises in expansion. Colonial threads in the National Democracy’s turn toward discipline

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-135
Author(s):  
Claudia Snochowska-Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Year ◽  
Proper Place ◽  
Capitalist Economy ◽  
National Body ◽  
National League ◽  
The Masses

1895 was the first year of the “Brazilian fever” in Galicia, i.e. a migration wave of peasant masses from Galicia to Brazil. In my article, I analyze the content of the 1895 “transitional” volume of Przegląd Wszechpolski (“All-Polish Review”), previously called Przegląd Emigracyjny (Migration Review), when the Lviv journal passed into the hands of the National League. I shall discuss the ways in which folk masses were presented in particular articles, and reflect on the meaning of the concept of colonization used there. In the articles of Przegląd Wszechpolski, the idea of Polish colonization (i.e. the settlement in Brazil and the United States of the peasant masses expelled by poverty from their home villages in partitioned Poland) began to intertwine with the idea of the colonization of these masses – attempts to ensure that they would remain Polish and Catholic, and with the idea of the expansion of Polish national body, so that it takes its proper place in the global capitalist economy. I argue that dealing with Polish colonisation played significant role in the National Democracy’s “turn toward discipline,” usually associated with another example of spontaneous mobilization of the masses – the 1905 revolution.

scholarly journals Desa wisata sebagai aset soft power Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Machya Astuti ◽  
Sri Issundari
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
International Society ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Tourism village plays significant role for strengthening Indonesia soft power. The experience of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) province proves that the development of tourism villages contribute in promoting “the power” of Indonesia through art, culture, custom and food to international society. Tourism Villages that located at Sleman, Bantul, Gunungkidul, Kulonprogo and city of Yogyakarta (called as tourism kampong) succeeded in attracting foreigners to stay and live as villagers, enjoy villagers daily live and learn Javanese culture. The study was conducted by observation and interviews. Data were analyzed with descriptive qualitative techniques. Data categorized and given a qualitative analysis of narrative. This research showed that tourism village is a new kind of tourism object that produce a new close relationship between Indonesian people and foreigners, functioned as a tool to make foreigners love Indonesia, prolong their stay in Indonesia, and promote Indonesian culture when they come back to their country. DIY’s experience is a best practice for other provinces in Indonesia to develop and promote its own distinctive tradition and culture through tourism villages. Finally, this effort will contribute in supporting Indonesia soft power.

scholarly journals Exempla starotestamentalnych kobiet w interpretacji Prima Clementis

Vox Patrum ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 9-23
Author(s):  
Waldemar Turek
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Proper Place ◽  
Christian Community ◽  
The Feminine ◽  
Harmonious Community

Some scholars have recently tried to show that the problems in the Christian community at Corinth were caused in a particular way by women wishing to have a more significant role within the community, and that the primary purpose of Saint Clement’s Letter to the Corinthians was to bring them to order and to show them their proper place in the community’s life and activity. The current study primarily tries to show that Prima Clementis was addressed to the entire Corin­thian community. This is followed by an analysis of the passages in which Saint Clement presents the feminine figures of the Old Testament: Miriam (the sister of Moses and Aaron), Lot’s wife, Rahab, Judith, and Esther, and interprets them in the context of the Christian situation at Corinth. In this way, it is shown that Cle­ment, by using the exempla method, creates the image of a perfect, ordered, and harmonious community in which women are outstanding for their strong faith, love, and hospitality.

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