scholarly journals Rice seed quality development and temperature during late development and maturation

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Survival Curve ◽  
Quality Development ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Late Development ◽  
Hermetic Storage ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
C 32 ◽  
C 30

AbstractThe potential longevity of japonica rice (Oryza sativa L. subsp. japonica) seed is particularly sensitive to high temperature – and thus climate change – during development and maturation. Cultivar Taipei 309 was grown at 28/20°C (12 h/12 h) and then from 19 DAA (days after 50% anthesis), when seeds were just over half filled, at 28/20°C, 30/22°C, 32/24°C or 34/26°C (12 h/12 h). Whereas ability to germinate ex planta had been achieved in almost all seeds by 24 DAA, only half the population were desiccation tolerant. Desiccation tolerance continued to increase over the subsequent 28 d, similarly at all four temperatures. Subsequent longevity, assessed by p50 (period in days to reduce viability to 50% in hermetic storage at 40°C with c. 15% moisture content), increased progressively at 28/20°C until 38 DAA, and remained constant until the final harvest (52 DAA). The three warmer temperature regimes provided similar longevity to 28/20°C at any one harvest, except at 38 DAA where the warmest (34/26°C) was poorer. That temperature regime also provided greater seed-to-seed variability within each survival curve. The results confirm that appreciable improvement in seed quality occurs during seed development and also subsequent maturation in japonica rice, but that increase in temperature from 28/20°C to 34/26°C during late seed filling onwards has comparatively little effect thereon. Comparison with previous investigations suggests that seed quality development may be less sensitive to high temperatures during late development and maturation than during the early seed development that precedes it.

scholarly journals Effect of simulated flooding during rice seed development and maturation on subsequent seed quality

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujittra Tejakhod ◽  
Richard H. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Hermetic Storage ◽  
Dry Storage ◽  
Sprouted Seeds ◽  
Harvest Maturity

AbstractThe resilience of seed quality in rice (Oryza sativaL.) to flooding was investigated. Pot-grown plants of thejaponicacv. Gleva, theindicacv. IR64, and the introgressed line IR64-Sub1 were submerged in water, to simulate flooding, for 3‒5 days at different stages of seed development and maturation. Mean seed weight, pre-harvest sprouting, ability to germinate, and subsequent longevity in air-dry storage were assessed. Whereas seed quality in both IR64 and IR64-Sub1 was resilient to submergence, in Gleva the longer the duration of submergence and the later in development when plants were submerged the greater the pre-harvest sprouting. Thousand seed dry weight was reduced more by submergence in Gleva than IR64 or IR64-Sub1. At harvest maturity, few pre-harvest sprouted seeds were able to germinate upon rehydration after desiccation to 11‒12% moisture content. Seed longevity of the non-sprouted seed fraction in air-dry hermetic storage (40°C, 15% moisture content) was not affected greatly by submergence, but longevity of thejaponicarice was less than that of theindicarices due to the former's steeper seed survival curves. Longevity of the twoindicarices was predicted well by the seed viability equation and previously published estimates of viability constants for rice. The greater dormancy of IR64 and IR64-Sub1, compared with Gleva, enhanced resilience to pre-harvest sprouting and reduced thousand seed dry weight from plant submergence. There was little or no effect of plant submergence on subsequent air-dry storage longevity of non-sprouted seeds in any genotype.

scholarly journals Temporal patterns of seed quality development, decline, and timing of maximum quality during seed development and maturation

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Quality Development ◽  
Seed Filling ◽  
Seed Deterioration ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Harvest Maturity

AbstractThe long-standing hypothesis that seed quality improves during seed filling, is greatest at the end of seed filling, and declines thereafter (because seed deterioration was assumed to begin then), provided a template for research in seed quality development. It was rejected by investigations where seed quality was shown to improve throughout both seed development and maturation until harvest maturity, before seed deterioration was first observed. Several other temporal patterns of seed quality development and decline have also been reported. These are portrayed and compared. The assessment suggests that the original hypothesis was too simple, because it combined several component hypotheses: (a) the seed improvement (only) phase ends before seed deterioration (only) commences; (b) there is only a brief single point in time during seed development and maturation when, in all circumstances, seed quality is maximal; (c) the seed quality improvement phase coincides perfectly with seed filling, with deterioration only post-seed filling. It is concluded that the search for the single point of maximum seed quality was a false quest because (a) seed improvement and deterioration may cycle (sequentially if not simultaneously) during seed development and maturation; (b) the relative sensitivity of the rates of improvement and deterioration to environment may differ; (c) the period of maximum quality may be brief or extended. Hence, when maximum quality is first attained, and for how long it is maintained, during seed development and maturation varies with genotype and environment. This is pertinent to quality seed production in current and future climates as it will be affected by climate change and a likelihood of more frequent coincidence of brief periods of extreme temperatures with highly sensitive phases of seed development and maturation. This is a possible tipping point for food security and for ecological diversity.

scholarly journals Effect of simulated rainfall during wheat seed development and maturation on subsequent seed longevity is reversible

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Ellis ◽  
Gajender Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Seed Longevity ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Hermetic Storage ◽  
Production Environments ◽  
Simulated Rain ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
Harvest Maturity

AbstractPoor wheat seed quality in temperate regions is often ascribed to wet production environments. We investigated the possible effect of simulated rain during seed development and maturation on seed longevity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Tybalt grown in the field (2008, 2009) or a polythene tunnel house (2010). To mimic rain, the seed crops were wetted from above with the equivalent of 30 mm (2008, 2009) or 25 mm rainfall (2010) at different stages of seed development and maturation (17–58 DAA, days after 50% anthesis), samples were harvested serially, and subsequent air-dry seed longevity estimated. No pre-harvest sprouting occurred. Seed longevity (p50, 50% survival period in experimental hermetic storage at 40°C with c. 15% moisture content) in field-grown controls increased during seed development and maturation, attaining maxima at 37 (2008) or 44 DAA (2009); it declined thereafter. Immediate effects of simulated rain at 17–58 DAA in field studies (2008, 2009) on subsequent seed longevity were negative but small, e.g. a 1–4 d delay in seed quality improvement for treatments early in development, but with no damage detected at final harvests. In rainfall-protected conditions (2010), simulated rain close to harvest maturity (55–56 DAA) reduced longevity immediately and substantially, with greater damage from two sequential days of wetting than one; again, later harvests provided evidence of recovery in subsequent longevity. In the absence of pre-harvest sprouting, the potentially deleterious effects of rainfall to wheat seed crops on subsequent seed longevity may be reversible in full or in part.

scholarly journals Seed quality in rice is most sensitive to drought and high temperature in early seed development

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-249
Author(s):  
Siti M. Abdul Rahman ◽  
Richard H. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Quality Development ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Substantial Decline

AbstractDrought and high temperature each damage rice (Oryza sativa L.) crops. Their effect during seed development and maturation on subsequent seed quality development was investigated in Japonica (cv. Gleva) and Indica (cv. Aeron 1) plants grown in controlled environments subjected to drought (irrigation ended) and/or brief high temperature (HT; 3 days at 40/30°C). Ending irrigation early in cv. Gleva (7 or 14 days after anthesis, DAA) resulted in earlier plant senescence, more rapid decline in seed moisture content, more rapid seed quality development initially, but substantial decline later in planta in the ability of seeds to germinate normally. Subsequent seed storage longevity amongst later harvests was greatest with no drought because with drought it declined from 16 or 22 DAA onwards in planta, 9 or 8 days after irrigation ended, respectively. Later drought (14 or 28 DAA) also reduced seed longevity at harvest maturity (42 DAA). Well-irrigated plants provided poorer longevity the earlier during seed development they were exposed to HT (greatest at anthesis and histodifferentiation; no effect during seed maturation). Combining drought and HT damaged seed quality more than each stress alone, and more so in the Japonica cv. Gleva than the Indica cv. Aeron 1. Overall, the earlier plant drought occurred the greater the damage to subsequent seed quality; seed quality was most vulnerable to damage from plant drought and HT at anthesis and histodifferentiation; and seed quality of the Indica rice was more resilient to damage from these stresses than the Japonica.

scholarly journals Transcriptomics of Mature Rice (Oryza Sativa L. Koshihikari) Seed under Hot Conditions by DNA Microarray Analyses

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 528
Author(s):  
Ranjith Kumar Bakku ◽  
Randeep Rakwal ◽  
Junko Shibato ◽  
Kyoungwon Cho ◽  
Soshi Kikuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Dna Microarray ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Kernel Quality ◽  
Grade 3

Higher temperature conditions during the final stages of rice seed development (seed filling and maturation) are known to cause damage to both rice yield and rice kernel quality. The western and central parts of Japan especially have seen record high temperatures during the past decade, resulting in the decrease of rice kernel quality. In this study, we looked at the rice harvested from a town in the central Kanto-plains (Japan) in 2010. The daytime temperatures were above the critical limits ranging from 34 to 38 °C at the final stages of seed development and maturity allowing us to investigate high-temperature effects in the actual field condition. Three sets of dry mature rice seeds (commercial), each with specific quality standards, were obtained from Japan Agriculture (JA Zen-Noh) branch in Ami-town of Ibaraki Prefecture in September 2010: grade 1 (top quality, labeled as Y1), grade 2 (medium quality, labeled as Y2), and grade 3 (out-of-grade or low quality, labeled as Y3). The research objective was to examine particular alterations in genome-wide gene expression in grade 2 (Y2) and grade 3 (Y3) seeds compared to grade 1 (Y1). We followed the high-temperature spike using a high-throughput omics-approach DNA microarray (Agilent 4 × 44 K rice oligo DNA chip) in conjunction with MapMan bioinformatics analysis. As expected, rice seed quality analysis revealed low quality in Y3 > Y2 over Y1 in taste, amylose, protein, and fatty acid degree, but not in water content. Differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis from the transcriptomic profiling data revealed that there are more than one hundred upregulated (124 and 373) and downregulated (106 and 129) genes in Y2 (grade 2 rice seed) and Y3 (grade 3 rice seed), respectively. Bioinformatic analysis of DEGs selected as highly regulated differentially expressed (HRDE) genes revealed changes in function of genes related to metabolism, defense/stress response, fatty acid biosynthesis, and hormones. This research provides, for the first time, the seed transcriptome profile for the classified low grades (grade 2, and out-of-grade; i.e., grade 3) of rice under high-temperature stress condition.

Acquisition of desiccation tolerance during seed development is associated with oxidative processes in rice

Botany ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongqi He ◽  
Jinping Cheng ◽  
Xiaodan Li ◽  
Peng Zeng ◽  
Bin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Desiccation Tolerance ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Oxidative Processes ◽  
Germination Traits

Desiccation tolerance is an important characteristic of rice seed quality during seed drying. In this study, two varieties of Oryza sativa L. subsp. japonica (Jiucaiqing and Wuyunjing 7) were used to investigate the dynamic changes in rice seeds that are associated with desiccation tolerance (germination traits produced by dried seeds), grain mass (GW), moisture content (MC), and electrical conductivity (EC) during seed development (18 to 42 days after heading (DAH)). Changes in the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in fresh, dry, and imbibed states, and antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase (SOD); catalase (CAT); and glutathione reductase (GR)) in fresh and imbibed seeds were also evaluated during seed development. The results showed that seeds started to acquire desiccation tolerance at 26 DAH and reached the highest levels at 38 DAH. The increase in GW and decline in MC coincided with the acquisition of desiccation tolerance. MDA and H2O2 levels, and SOD, CAT, and GR activities in fresh and imbibed seeds rapidly decreased during the early developmental stages (18–30 DAH), and then their levels gradually stabilized (30–42 DAH). Regression analyses indicated that H2O2 levels in fresh seeds was negatively correlated with seed germination, whereas SOD activity in imbibed seeds was positively correlated with seed germination. H2O2 and SOD are, therefore, good parameters for assessing desiccation tolerance during rice seed development.

scholarly journals Leaf-derived ABA regulates rice seed development via a transporter-mediated and temperature-sensitive mechanism

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. eabc8873
Author(s):  
Peng Qin ◽  
Guohua Zhang ◽  
Binhua Hu ◽  
Jie Wu ◽  
Weilan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Starch Synthesis ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Mechanistic Basis

Long-distance transport of the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) has been studied for ~50 years, yet its mechanistic basis and biological significance remain very poorly understood. Here, we show that leaf-derived ABA controls rice seed development in a temperature-dependent manner and is regulated by defective grain-filling 1 (DG1), a multidrug and toxic compound extrusion transporter that effluxes ABA at nodes and rachilla. Specifically, ABA is biosynthesized in both WT and dg1 leaves, but only WT caryopses accumulate leaf-derived ABA. Our demonstration that leaf-derived ABA activates starch synthesis genes explains the incompletely filled and floury seed phenotypes in dg1. Both the DG1-mediated long-distance ABA transport efficiency and grain-filling phenotypes are temperature sensitive. Moreover, we extended these mechanistic insights to other cereals by observing similar grain-filling defects in a maize DG1 ortholog mutant. Our study demonstrates that rice uses a leaf-to-caryopsis ABA transport–based mechanism to ensure normal seed development in response to variable temperatures.

scholarly journals Survey of rice seed quality analysis for varietal purity estimation by using image processing techniques

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1.7) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
S. Durai ◽  
C. Mahesh ◽  
T. Sujithra ◽  
A. Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Computer Vision ◽  
South India ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Computer Vision Technology ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Varietal Purity

 In south India rice is the major food source and in agriculture, rice production covers more than 70 percentages of entire forming. But in recent the production only from south India not enough to satisfy the need of all, such a huge demand is there. The better production comes from the selection of good seeds. Up to now formers depend on two factors for selecting better seeds, One is the brand which is approved by some quality standards and second one is analyzed manually by experienced people. Both are risky one, we are not pretty much sure the accuracy of analyze. The second one is seeing and feeling. The inspection is not consistent also very time consuming. In the other way we can use computer vision technology to analyze the quality of the seeds. In recent years many of the big industries they are using computer vision technology with Digital Image Processing for many of the applications. In this Paper we are going to discuss the different seed quality analyzing methods and accuracy of result also. Moreover there are different factors and features are there for it, here we are going to study about varietal purity estimation by different methods.

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