Challenging Imperialism Across Borders: Recent Studies of Twentieth-Century Internationalist Networks against Empire

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-115
Author(s):  
Daniel Brückenhaus
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Single Colony ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Parts

In recent years there has been a growing interest in the global dimensions of twentieth-century imperialism and anti-imperialism. Historians, themselves part of an increasingly interconnected world, have been drawn to investigate the links between anti-colonial activists working in different parts of the globe. After a period in which most studies had focused either on the perspective of imperial decision makers in Europe or on that of nationalist activists within the framework of one single colony, more recently scholars have argued that the first of these approaches underrates the agency of anti-imperialists in interactions with the imperial rulers, while the second makes it difficult to explain broader, global trends, including the surprising near-simultaneity of decolonisation in large parts of the world between 1945 and 1970. Instead, historians now argue that we need to take into account the inherently internationalist visions of many activists in this period, which led them to travel the world, interact with their counterparts from other colonies, develop shared views of anti-imperialism and provide each other with practical and ideological support. This review article examines some of the most successful monographs to be published in this field between 2014 and 2018.

scholarly journals Pancreatic Cancers: A Review of Studies from Pakistan and Comparison with Global Trends

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-127
Author(s):  
Saleema Mehboob Ali ◽  
Yumna Adnan ◽  
S. M. Adnan Ali
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Pancreatic Cancers ◽  
The World ◽  
Prediction Of Prognosis

The objective of this review article is to discuss clinical data from studies on Pakistani pancreatic cancer population and its comparison with international data. This review article will allow researchers to identify gaps in the data and hence to design further research in order to address these gaps accordingly. Search was carried out via Google Scholar, PubMed and PakMediNet search engines using keywords “Pancreatic cancers”, “Pancreatic adenocarcinoma” and “Pakistan”. Pancreatic cancers are one of the most lethal cancers globally. Statistics show that 97.8% of cases of pancreatic cancers in Pakistan have led to mortality. For various cancers around the world, epidemiological data has been used for development of diagnostic tools and therapies. Despite the alarming situation of pancreatic cancers in Pakistan, only limited work has been done in this area. Majority of the studies are based exclusively on reporting of clinical data. Pakistan has not been able to even gather sufficient data to proceed research based on association of molecular aspects of tumor with clinical characteristics. On the contrary, researchers, scientists and clinicians from other parts of the world are already working on association studies, prediction of prognosis, treatment selection and improving the survival of their population. It is an immense need of the situation that molecular based studies are carried out on Pakistani pancreatic cancer population so that diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and survival of these patients can be made better.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Gatrell
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The World ◽  
John Berger ◽  
Involuntary Displacement ◽  
Different Parts

The English writer and critic John Berger regarded the twentieth century as ‘the century of departure, of migration, of exodus, of disappearance: the century of people helplessly seeing others, who were close to them, disappear over the horizon’.1 Berger’s characterisation of ‘helplessness’ invites us to consider not only how people were rendered liable to sudden and involuntary displacement, but also how those processes were represented at the time and subsequently. Global conflicts, revolutions and civil wars have played a major part in these processes of movement and loss, exposing combatants and non-combatants to personal risk. Civilians have frequently been the chief actors in the dramas of ‘departure’ and ‘disappearance’. Massive displacement has not necessarily entailed movement across state borders, although it is only relatively recently that policy-makers have taken into account the large numbers of internally displaced persons in different parts of the world....

Royal Society expeditions in the second half of the twentieth century

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
George E. Hemmen
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Parts

During the second half of the twentieth century, the Royal Society mounted a number of scientific expeditions to different parts of the world. These expeditions varied considerably in their objectives, size, complexity and duration. Brief outlines of the main Royal Society expeditions of this period and their origins are given, together with mention of resulting Royal Society Discussion Meetings. Reference is also made to some long-term investigations involving the Society in collaboration with other countries' scientific institutions.

scholarly journals Closing Connectivity Gap: An Overview of Mobile Coverage Solutions for Not-Spots in Rural Zones

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 8037
Author(s):  
Diego Fernando Cabrera-Castellanos ◽  
Alejandro Aragón-Zavala ◽  
Gerardo Castañón-Ávila
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Review Article ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The World ◽  
Broadband Communications ◽  
World Hypothesis ◽  
Access To Data ◽  
Different Parts

Access to broadband communications in different parts of the world has become a priority for some governments and regulatory authorities around the world in recent years. Building new digital roads and pursuing a connected society includes looking for easier access to the internet. In general, not all areas where people congregate are fully covered, especially in rural zones, thus restricting access to data communications and inducing inequality. In the present review article, we have comprehensively surveyed the use of three platforms to deliver broadband services to such remote and low-income areas, and they are proposed as follows: unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), altitude platforms (AP), and low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites. These novel strategies support the connected and accessible world hypothesis. Hence, UAVs are considered a noteworthy solution since their efficient maneuverability can solve rural coverage issues or not-spots.

scholarly journals The Drug Resistance of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax in Iran: A Review Article

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliehsan Heidari ◽  
Hossein Keshavarz
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Antimalarial Drugs ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Transporter Gene ◽  
First Line ◽  
Dihydropteroate Synthase ◽  
The World ◽  
Emergence Of Resistance ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
First Line Treatment

Background: One of the main obstacles to malaria control in the world has been the emergence of resistance in Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine and other antimalarial drugs. This study aimed to review studies in Iran on resistance in P. falciparum and P. vivax to drugs, and to reveal the mechanisms and molecular markers of resistance of these two species. Methods: The databases of PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Magiran, and reputable Iranian journals were searched to find published studies on the resistance in P. falciparum and P. vivax to antimalarial drugs in Iran. Results: There is a significant relationship between resistance to chloroquine in P. falciparum and the emergence of K76T mutation in the P. falciparum chloroquineresistance transporter gene in Iran. Resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) in P. falciparum is also significantly associated with the development of mutations in the dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthase genes. Resistance to chloroquine in P. vivax has not been reported in Iran and it is used as a first-line treatment for P. vivax malaria. Conclusion: P. falciparum has become resistant to chloroquine in different regions of Iran and is not currently used to treat malaria. Besides, cases have emerged of P. falciparum resistance to SP in different parts of southern Iran, and SP is not administered alone for treating P. falciparum.

scholarly journals The Birth of the Clinic and the Sources of Archaeological History

2018 ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
François Delaporte
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
Important Work ◽  
Medical Gaze ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Year 2013

The year 2013 marked the 50th anniversary of the publication of a classic of the historiography of sciences, Michel Foucault’s The birth of the clinic: An archaeology of medical gaze. In different parts of the world, events were organized to reflect on this important work. The article argues that if one cannot draw a direct line linking the work of the leading historians-philosophers of the twentieth-century sciences in France to Michel Foucault’s archaeological study of the clinic, we must recognize that the author of The Birth of the Clinic has taken up from these historians-philosophers the methodological and conceptual tools that made it possible to study the history of science and knowledge in a new way.

The Worldwide Expansion of Higher Education in the Twentieth Century

2005 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 898-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan Schofer ◽  
John W. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Panel Regressions ◽  
The World ◽  
Enrollment Rates

The authors analyze the rapid worldwide expansion of higher educational enrollments over the twentieth century using pooled panel regressions. Expansion is higher in economically developed countries (in some but not all analyses) as classic theories would have it. Growth is greater where secondary enrollments are high and where state control over education is low, consistent with conflict and competition theories. Institutional theories get strong support: growth patterns are similar in all types of countries, are especially high in countries more linked to world society, and sharply accelerate in virtually all countries after 1960. The authors theorize and operationalize the institutional processes involved, which include scientization, democratization and the expansion of human rights, the rise of development planning, and the structuration of the world polity. With these changes, a new model of society became institutionalized globally-one in which schooled knowledge and personnel were seen as appropriate for a wide variety of social positions, and in which many more young people were seen as appropriate candidates for higher education. An older vision of education as contributing to a more closed society and occupational system—with associated fears of “over-education”—was replaced by an open-system picture of education as useful “human capital” for unlimited progress. The global trends are so strong that developing countries now have higher enrollment rates than European countries did only a few decades ago, and currently about one-fifth of the world cohort is now enrolled in higher education.

Morality, Reality, and Humanitarian Intervention

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. J. Coady
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Civil War ◽  
International Law ◽  
Humanitarian Intervention ◽  
Moral Evaluation ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
Significant Issue ◽  
The World ◽  
Violent Conflicts ◽  
Different Parts

There are two profound points of departure for discussions of the moral evaluation of humanitarian intervention and its partial echo in international law, the Responsibility to Protect. The first is the distressingly massive damage sometimes inflicted on people by their own governments (or other politically powerful and unhindered agents), and the second concerns the appalling disasters and ravages of war. The first cries out to outsiders for action to prevent or discontinue the horror (which may itself involve forms of warfare, such as civil war), but the second cautions against those forms of intervention or protection that themselves threaten to replace the horror with something as or even more damaging. The tension between these two instincts has been a significant issue in many violent conflicts in very different parts of the world in the last part of the twentieth century and into the present day, and, of course, has earlier historical precedents....

Is There a Chinese Word for ‘Confucius’? A Review Article

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Chinese Word ◽  
The World ◽  
Small Measure ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Sense Of Identity

The dissolution of ideological identities that had seemed since the middle of this century fairly stable would appear to be one of the characteristics of our times. In place of the struggle between Capitalism and Communism, Samuel Huntingdon would wish to erect a more fragmented competition between civilizational blocs, bearing such labels as the Confucian East and the World of Islam. Yet even such an analysis seems already distinctly old-fashioned, imposing a questionable cultural stability on more labile phenomena. As an alternative Lionel Jensen suggests that the first of these labels, at any rate, is in no small measure the creation of early European observers, and that far from basking in any unproblematic sense of identity, some of the best minds of twentieth-century China actually expended much of their ink on a highly problematic search for the origins of an identifiable Confucian group in the early Chinese past.

scholarly journals Review Article: Rewriting Tibet in The Tibetan Suitcase: A Novel (2019) by Tsering Namgyal Khortsa

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Koushik Goswami ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Review Article ◽  
Military Power ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Dalai Lama ◽  
National Imaginary ◽  
The World ◽  
Displaced People ◽  
Tibetan Refugees ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Sizable Number

The Chinese invasion and occupation of Tibet in 1950 compelled a sizable number of Tibetans to leave their homeland. They were relocated to India, Nepal, Bhutan and different parts of the world as refugees. These displaced people do not want to forget their own history. Tibetan authors have taken upon themselves the responsibility of keeping alive the memory of the great exodus in which Dalai Lama was a participant and of what happened after that. The flame of patriotism and the desire for a return to the homeland filter through their literary works. These authors writing in English nurture a free Tibet in their national imaginary. As the Tibetans lack political and military power to overwhelm the might of the Chinese colonisers, the works of these writers of Tibetan origin are of paramount importance. Combining the functions of both creative authors and activists, they help sustain the Tibetan struggle for freedom, draw global attention to the plight of Tibetan refugees scattered all over the world and put pressure on the repressive Chinese regime in Tibet.

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