The paradoxes of urbanization: Belgian socialism and society in the belle epoque

Urban History ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 82-96
Author(s):  
Carl Strikwerda
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Belle Epoque ◽  
Belgian Society ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Trends ◽  
Western European ◽  
Belle Époque

Although small and consequently often overlooked, Belgium none the less provides historians with an interesting case study for comparing social and economic trends among Western European countries. Belgian society in the nineteenth century was transformed by the same forces as its close neighbours – Britain, France and Germany. Indeed, Belgium was the second country in the world to industrialize and it has long been one of the most heavily urbanized societies as well. Yet urbanization and industrialization affected Belgium in some significantly different ways than they did other Western European countries.

Medicine Goes to the Opera: Vocal Health and Remedies for Professional Singers of the Belle Époque

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-35
Author(s):  
Kimberly Francis ◽  
Sofie Lachapelle
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Belle Epoque ◽  
Vocal Health ◽  
Professional Singers ◽  
The World ◽  
Belle Époque ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Many ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In July 1892, Dr. Arthur Chervin (1850–1921), director of the Institut des bègues de Paris, was named physician of the Opéra, thus joining the group of health specialists tasked with the care of artists. A recognized specialist of vocal physiology and speech afflictions, Chervin was also the recent founder and editor of La Voix parlée et chantée, a periodical that straddled the worlds of medicine and lyrical performance. Vocal health and medicine, he and his community argued, were key to the execution of vocal prowess and the successful pursuit of lyrical ambitions for singers. This article explores the relationship of medicine and the burgeoning field of laryngology to the world of lyrical training and performance of the Belle Époque. In particular, we focus on the many roles played by laryngologists and physicians at the Opéra and the Conservatoire as well as in the pages of Chervin’s leading medical-musical journal. We argue that concerns driving the medical innovations of the increasingly sophisticated subfield of laryngology evolved in synergy with concerns about how to meet the demands of the changing world of the second half of nineteenth-century Parisian operatic performance. In so doing, we claim for medicine a key position in Paris’s vibrant world of lyrical performance during the Belle Époque.

CASE STUDY: Regional Cultural Differences Within and Across Four Western European Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-47
Author(s):  
Nadine Waehning ◽  
Ibrahim Sirkeci ◽  
Stephan Dahl ◽  
Sinan Zeyneloglu
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Business Plans ◽  
Regional Markets ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
Western European

This case study examines and illustrates within country regional cultural differences and cross border cultural similarities across four western European countries. Drawing on the data from the World Values Survey (WVS), we refer to the Schwartz Cultural Values Inventory in the survey. The demographic variables of age, gender, education level, marital status and income vary across the regions and hence, have significant effects on the cultural value dimensions across regions. The findings help a better understanding of the homogeneity and heterogeneity of regions withinand across countries. Both researchers and managers will have to justify their sampling methods and generalisations more carefully when drawing conclusions for a whole country. This case study underlines the limited knowledge about regional within country cultural differences, while also illustrating the simplification of treating each country as culturally homogeneous. Cross-country business strategies connecting transnational regional markets based on cultural value characteristics need to take these similarities and differences into account when designating business plans.

French classical music and Brazil: Beyond Franco-German rivalry

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 349-356
Author(s):  
Marcos Câmara de Castro
Keyword(s):  
Popular Music ◽  
Classical Music ◽  
Belle Epoque ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Belle Époque ◽  
Cultural Choices

One of the consequences of any colonisation is the emergence in the colonies of a dominant consular class, one of whose characteristics is cultural snobbery. This snobbery is manifested mainly in cultural choices that ignore local music or include it in an ensemble of strategies to participate in an alleged metropolitan cultural universalism. In Brazil, Villa-Lobos, the Batutas orchestra or the dancer known as Duque, who all enchanted France during the belle époque and who still arouse interest all over the world, were only the tip of an iceberg of popular music. This paper aims to demonstrate how the music and writings of Debussy and Ravel can be helpful in establishing the construction of a true history of classical music in Brazil, beyond the historical Franco-German rivalry.

“How I Became a Film Director”

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tami Williams
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Belle Epoque ◽  
National Politics ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Belle Époque ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Women's Portraits

This chapter explores Germaine Dulac's family background, drawing on personal records, memoirs, and correspondence. Her early upbringing and encounters with certain people, events, and tendencies during France's Belle Époque later impacted Dulac's political and aesthetic views and the many alternatives and choices that shaped her film career. These include the influence of moderate socialism on her views of class, gender, sexuality, and national politics, and the impact of nineteenth-century symbolist and naturalist tendencies on her inventive rhetorical and representational strategies as they contributed to her filmmaking and activism. The chapter examines Dulac's “women's portraits,” as well as her early political activities and nonfiction writings as a pacifist and feminist from 1906 to 1913.

scholarly journals European influence in ITU-R: the end of an era of dominance?

Info ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ali El-Moghazi ◽  
Jason Whalley ◽  
James Irvine
Keyword(s):  
European Countries ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Allocation Mechanism ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
The World ◽  
Spectrum Policy

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of the European countries in Region 1 of the Radio Sector of the International Telecommunications Union (ITU-R). More specifically, the focus is on the World Radiocommunication Conference 2012 meeting to explore whether European influence is in decline. Design/methodology/approach – This article adopts in-depth case study of the 700-MHz issue. Qualitative data are drawn from semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders who participated at the World Radiocommunication Conference 2012 meeting. Findings – This article concludes that the influence of European countries in the ITU-R in Region 1 has changed. The influence of Arab and African countries has increased, with that of European countries declining. However, European countries remain more influential than their African and Arab counterparts. Research limitations/implications – This article sheds light on an often overlooked but pivotal element of the international spectrum allocation mechanism. Originality/value – This article sheds light on important developments in the international spectrum policy that are largely overlooked in the current debate.

UNDERSTANDING THE DESERTION OF SOUTH CAROLINIAN SOLDIERS DURING THE FINAL YEARS OF THE CONFEDERACY

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 657-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
PATRICK J. DOYLE
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Thought Process ◽  
Simple Representation ◽  
The World ◽  
Return Home ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

ABSTRACTAlthough the American Civil War is perhaps the most written about event in American history, the issue of desertion has often retained a neglected position in the conflict's dense historiography. Those historians who have studied military absenteeism during the war have tended to emphasize socio-economic factors as motivating men to leave the army and return home. The Register of Confederate Deserters, a list of southern soldiers who crossed into Union lines and took an oath of loyalty in order to try and return home, can provide a different look at these men. By studying the South Carolinian men on the Register, as a case-study, we can see that ideological, as well as socio-economic, motivations occupied the thought process of Civil War deserters. Moreover, the act of desertion was rarely a simple representation of the thoughts of the individual but of the opinions and feelings of his family and community as well. As such, studying Confederate desertion not only helps us understand the issues of loyalty and nationalism during the Civil War, but also the way in which nineteenth-century southerners conceptualized the world around them.

Festivals that Change Lives

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Floriane Gaber
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Street Art ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Western European ◽  
The Public Sphere

There are countries in the world where ‘freedom’ and ‘democracy’ don’t have the same meaning as in our western European countries, especially in the street or in what is called ‘public space’. Even so, in some of these countries, street art festivals exist and they can change the life of the artists and of the population. Jürgen Habermas, in The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere (1962), has defined this term. According to him, the bourgeois public sphere (which appeared in the 18th century) is the place between private individuals and government authorities in which people can meet and have critical debates about public matters. Whether debates are about culture, habits or law, in the countries discussed in this chapter (Iran, Belarus, Morocco and Kuwait), this barely happens. Critical debate is forbidden or simply inconceivable.

Geomorphic Hazards and Natural Risks

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Maquaire
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
The World ◽  
Storm Wave ◽  
Western European ◽  
The Cost

Western European countries are subject to natural phenomena that can cause disasters. Their origins are various: geophysical (earthquakes), hydrometeorological (sea storms, floods, and avalanches), or geomorphologic (landslides). They are fairly widespread but less frequent and of relatively low intensity compared with other regions of the world; for example, an earthquake in France or Belgium is not likely to be as violent as in Greece or Japan. Some of the countries concerned, such as France and Germany, are subject to all the hazards mentioned above, while Denmark and The Netherlands are seldom exposed to earthquakes and never to avalanches because they have no mountains. Man is not responsible for phenomena such as earthquakes, but contributes significantly to the onset and aggravation of other hazards, and is sometimes largely responsible for the direct and indirect consequences, having built and maintained installations in ‘risk’ sectors. The number of victims and the cost of the damage may be high, depending on the circumstances, the intensity, and the duration of the phenomenon. Western European countries have experienced real natural disasters in the distant or recent past. Floods following a storm wave in The Netherlands in 1953 were responsible for some 2,000 deaths and damage amounting to over 3 billion Euros. Two hundred people died in the most destructive flood ever known in France in 1930 in the Tarn (Ledoux 1995). Natural phenomena such as these can recur with at least the same intensity but may entail much greater damage because of increased human occupation in the sectors concerned: the flooding submerges zones which are much more urbanized than they were in the nineteenth century. Whether prevention measures are taken depends on the level of risk which the populations concerned are prepared to accept. These measures should be associated with spatial and temporal forecasts and preceded by an analysis of the processes for these phenomena to be fully understood. In order to remove the ambiguities and the inaccuracies of terminology that are observed all too often, it is necessary in the first instance to define ‘geomorphic hazards and natural risks’, particularly in terms of the notions of risk, hazards, and vulnerability.

Institutional Development and Trade Development: A Case Study of India-ASEAN Bilateral Trade

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayengbam Lalit Singh
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Western European ◽  
Over Time

Early literatures show the importance of institutions with reference to European countries, where Renaissance age led the Western European countries to industrial revolution and hence intercontinental trade. At present, institutions in a country are the foundation on which all economic activity is built. The present paper deals with how institutional developments (for countries in this study) over time could lead to development of bilateral trade between India and ASEAN.

“Rotten Effeminate Stuff”: Patriarchy, Domesticity, and Home in Victorian and Edwardian English Public Schools

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-108
Author(s):  
Jane Hamlett
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
British History ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Home And School ◽  
The Ideal

AbstractDuring the nineteenth century, British public schools became increasingly important, turning out thousands of elite young men. Historians have long recognized the centrality of these institutions to modern British history and to understandings of masculinity in this era. While studies of universities and clubs have revealed how fundamental the rituals and everyday life of institutions were to the creation of masculinity, public schools have not been subjected to the same scrutiny. Approaches to date have emphasized the schools’ roles in distancing boys from the world of the home, domesticity, femininity, and women. Focusing on three case-study schools, Winchester College, Charterhouse, and Lancing College, this article offers a reassessment of the relationship between home and school in the Victorian and Edwardian period and contributes to the growing literature on forms of masculine domesticity in the second half of the nineteenth century. In the reformed public schools, the ideal of the patriarchal household was often essential, and in producing it, the presence of significant women—the wives of headmasters and housemasters—could be vital. The schools also worked to create a specifically masculine form of domesticity through boys’ performance of mundane domestic tasks in the “fagging” system, which was often imagined in terms of the chivalric service ideal. Letters from the period show how the everyday worlds of school and home remained enmeshed, revealing the distinctive nature of family relationships forged by the routine of presence and absence that public schools created.

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