Role of peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) in pig parthenogenetic preimplantation embryonic development

Zygote ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-393
Author(s):  
Manjula Brahmajosyula ◽  
Masashi Miyake
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Preimplantation Embryos ◽  
Peptidylarginine Deiminase ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Developmental Arrest ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
Arginine Modification

SummaryArginine modification to citrulline (citrullination) is catalyzed by peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) and one of the isomers PAD4 is shown to be involved in the gene regulation. In our previous paper we studied the localization and expression of PAD4 and the target of PAD4 in mammalian gametes and preimplantation embryos. In this study the role of PAD4 was examined in the pig diploid parthenogenetic preimplantation embryonic development. Knockdown of PAD4 by RNAi resulted in delayed development. Inhibition of PAD4 by a potent PAD4 inhibitor Cl-amidine from the time of activation for 24 h resulted in developmental arrest at the first cleavage. Inhibition at the later stages of development resulted in delayed or arrested development. A shorter exposure to Cl-amidine for 6 h at any stage of growth resulted in slow development. Thus, this study suggests that PAD4 activity is essential for the normal development of the embryos.

scholarly journals Discovery of pluripotency-associated microRNAs in rabbit preimplantation embryos and embryonic stem-like cells

Reproduction ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 145 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pouneh Maraghechi ◽  
László Hiripi ◽  
Gábor Tóth ◽  
Babett Bontovics ◽  
Zsuzsanna Bősze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Preimplantation Embryos ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate multiple biological processes. Increasing experimental evidence implies an important regulatory role of miRNAs during embryonic development and in embryonic stem (ES) cell biology. In the current study, we have described and analyzed the expression profile of pluripotency-associated miRNAs in rabbit embryos and ES-like cells. The rabbit specific ocu-miR-302 and ocu-miR-290 clusters, and three homologs of the human C19MC cluster (ocu-miR-512, ocu-miR-520e, and ocu-miR-498) were identified in rabbit preimplantation embryos and ES-like cells. The ocu-miR-302 cluster was highly similar to its human homolog, while ocu-miR-290 revealed a low level of evolutionary conservation with its mouse homologous cluster. The expression of the ocu-miR-302 cluster began at the 3.5 days post-coitum early blastocyst stage and they stayed highly expressed in rabbit ES-like cells. In contrast, a high expression level of the ocu-miR-290 cluster was detected during preimplantation embryonic development, but a low level of expression was found in rabbit ES-like cells. Differential expression of the ocu-miR-302 cluster and ocu-miR-512 miRNA was detected in rabbit trophoblast and embryoblast. We also found that Lefty has two potential target sites in its 3′UTR for ocu-miR-302a and its expression level increased upon ocu-miR-302a inhibition. We suggest that the expression of the ocu-miR-302 cluster is characteristic of the rabbit ES-like cell, while the ocu-miR-290 cluster may play a crucial role during early embryonic development. This study presents the first identification, to our knowledge, of pluripotency-associated miRNAs in rabbit preimplantation embryos and ES-like cells, which can open up new avenues to investigate the regulatory function of ocu-miRNAs in embryonic development and stem cell biology.

scholarly journals Maternally expressed NLRP2 links the subcortical maternal complex (SCMC) to fertility, embryogenesis and epigenetic reprogramming

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangeetha Mahadevan ◽  
Varsha Sathappan ◽  
Budi Utama ◽  
Isabel Lorenzo ◽  
Khalied Kaskar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Subcellular Localization ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Preimplantation Embryos ◽  
Maternal Genome ◽  
Embryonic Loss ◽  
Cytoplasmic Complex ◽  
Zygotic Genome

Abstract Mammalian parental genomes contribute differently to early embryonic development. Before activation of the zygotic genome, the maternal genome provides all transcripts and proteins required for the transition from a highly specialized oocyte to a pluripotent embryo. Depletion of these maternally-encoded transcripts frequently results in failure of preimplantation embryonic development, but their functions in this process are incompletely understood. We found that female mice lacking NLRP2 are subfertile because of early embryonic loss and the production of fewer offspring that have a wide array of developmental phenotypes and abnormal DNA methylation at imprinted loci. By demonstrating that NLRP2 is a member of the subcortical maternal complex (SCMC), an essential cytoplasmic complex in oocytes and preimplantation embryos with poorly understood function, we identified imprinted postzygotic DNA methylation maintenance, likely by directing subcellular localization of proteins involved in this process, such as DNMT1, as a new crucial role of the SCMC for mammalian reproduction.

Histological studies on embryonic development of the rabbit heart

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emese Balogh ◽  
P. Sótonyi
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Heart Development ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Rabbit Heart ◽  
Uterine Wall ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Capillary Tubes ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Rabbit Embryos

Two experiments were performed to evaluate the normal development of the rabbit heart. In the first experiment the most intensive period of heart development was determined in rabbit embryos. The second experiment studied the most intensive period of heart development, determined in the first experiment, by concentrated sampling at 8-hour intervals. After cutting open the uterine wall opposite the discoid placenta, rabbit embryos were removed from the ampullae of the uterus using capillary tubes, under stereomicroscope at fivefold magnification. The embryos were subsequently placed into 4% formalin solution for 24 h. After fixation, slides stained with haematoxylin and eosin were made for histological examination. In the first experiment 51 embryos were examined, while during the second experiment a total of 113 embryos, representing different stages of development, were collected. Finally the data obtained on rabbits were compared with the well-known development of the heart in humans and mice.

scholarly journals Maternal SMCHD1 controls both imprinted Xist expression and imprinted X chromosome inactivation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iromi Wanigasuriya ◽  
Sarah A Kinkel ◽  
Tamara Beck ◽  
Ellise A Roper ◽  
Kelsey Breslin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Preimplantation Embryo ◽  
X Chromosome Inactivation ◽  
Chromosome Inactivation ◽  
Preimplantation Embryos ◽  
Xist Expression ◽  
Critical Window ◽  
Zygotic Genome

Embryonic development is dependent on the maternal supply of proteins through the oocyte, including factors setting up the adequate epigenetic patterning of the zygotic genome. We previously reported that one such factor is the epigenetic repressor SMCHD1, whose maternal supply controls autosomal imprinted expression in mouse preimplantation embryos and mid-gestation placenta. In mouse preimplantation embryos, X chromosome inactivation is also an imprinted process. Combining genomics and imaging, we show that maternal SMCHD1 is required not only for the imprinted expression of Xist in preimplantation embryos, but also for the efficient silencing of the inactive X in both the preimplantation embryo and mid-gestation placenta. These results expand the role of SMCHD1 in enforcing the silencing of Polycomb targets. The inability of zygotic SMCHD1 to fully restore imprinted X inactivation further points to maternal SMCHD1's role in setting up the appropriate chromatin environment during preimplantation development, a critical window of epigenetic remodelling.

Normal Development and the Beginning of Human Life

2017 ◽  
pp. 83-106
Author(s):  
Scott Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Human Embryo ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Stages Of Development

This chapter looks at the beginnings of embryonic development, the function of embryonic stem cells. The development of the human embryo strikes both scientists and laypeople alike with awe and mystery. However, there is no consensus among scientists as to when the fetus becomes a “person.” This chapter will discuss these various stages of development and why different groups of scientists reason that they might be the basis for “personhood.”

Role of Peptidylarginine Deiminase 4 in Mammalian Preimplantation Embryonic Development.

2010 ◽  
Vol 83 (Suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 253-253
Author(s):  
Manjula Brahmajosyula ◽  
Teruhiko Wakayama ◽  
Masashi Miyake
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Peptidylarginine Deiminase ◽  
Peptidylarginine Deiminase 4

scholarly journals Expression and Potential Role of microRNA-29b in Mouse Early Embryo Development

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 1178-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junqiang Zhang ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Xiaoguang Liu ◽  
Shenglin Jiang ◽  
Chun Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Dna Methyltransferase ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Early Embryonic Development ◽  
Preimplantation Embryos ◽  
Early Embryos

Background/Aims: MicroRNA-29b (miR29b) has been previously identified in early mouse embryos through miRNA microarray analysis. Recent research has indicated that miR29b participates in DNA methylation by regulating DNA methyltransferase 3a/3b (Dnmt3a/3b) expression. However, the expression pattern and biological function of miR29b in mouse preimplantation embryonic development remain unknown. Methods: In this study, we examined the expression patterns of miR29b and Dnmt3a/3b in mouse early embryos at different developmental stages. Subsequently, expression and localization of DNMT3A/3B protein was analyzed in mouse early embryos by immunofluorescence staining. The biological function of miR29b in mouse early embryos was analyzed by microinjection of commercially available miRNA-specific inhibitors and mimics. Results: Our data showed that Dnmt3a/3b mRNA expression is negatively regulated by miR29b in mouse early embryos. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that DNMT3A/3B protein expression is predominantly localized within the nucleoplasm of embryos. Alterations to the activity of miR29b could change the DNA methylation levels in mouse preimplantation embryos and lead to a developmental blockade, from the morula to the blastocyst stage. Conclusion: These results indicated a role for the miR29b-Dnmt3a/3b-DNA methylation axis in mouse early embryonic development, and we provide evidence that miR29b is indispensable for mouse early embryonic development. This study contributes to a preliminary understanding of the role of miR29b during mouse embryonic development.

Localization of Intracisternal a Particle Antigens in Neoplastic Cells and Preimplantation Mouse Embryos

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 696-697
Author(s):  
Thomas T.F. Huang ◽  
Patricia G. Calarco
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Neoplastic Cells ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Preimplantation Mouse Embryos ◽  
Preimplantation Mouse ◽  
Intracisternal A Particle ◽  
Normal Feature

The stage specific appearance of a retravirus, termed the Intracisternal A particle (IAP) is a normal feature of early preimplantation development. To date, all feral and laboratory strains of Mus musculus and even Asian species such as Mus cervicolor and Mus pahari express the particles during the 2-8 cell stages. IAP form by budding into the endoplasmic reticulum and appear singly or as groups of donut-shaped particles within the cisternae (fig. 1). IAP are also produced in large numbers in several neoplastic cells such as certain plasmacytomas and rhabdomyosarcomas. The role of IAP, either in normal development or in neoplastic behavior, is unknown.

Disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-40
Author(s):  
A. Kulikov
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Physical State ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Hemostatic Disorder

Presented material reveals main links in the pathogenesis of hemostatic disorder. In particular, attention is paid to the role of the lungs, liver and other organs in the development of this process. Role of vascular wall and blood cells in regulation of the physical state of blood is described in detail. The most frequent factors leading to hypercoagulation are indicated. Difference between hypercoagulation and thrombophilia is shown. The latter is found in clinical practice quite often, but at the same time, it is poorly diagnosed. Such a terrible complication of hemostatic disorder as disseminated intravascular coagulation is described. Its classification, stages of development, clinical manifestations are offered to the readers.

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