scholarly journals Ageism from a cross-cultural perspective: results from a national survey of Israelis over the age of 50

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Liat Ayalon ◽  
Ella Cohn-Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Underrepresented Minority ◽  
Double Jeopardy ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Israeli Arabs

ABSTRACT Objectives: We examined differences across three groups in Israel to test the double jeopardy versus the intersection escape hypotheses-which evaluate whether being older and belonging to an underrepresented group serves as a double burden, exposing older minorities to higher levels of perceived ageism or on the contrary, older age serves as a protective factor, especially for underrepresented groups. Design: A cross-sectional, nationally representative sample, consisting of three groups: Veteran Israelis, Israeli Arabs and immigrants from the Former Soviet Union. The latter two groups represent underrepresented (minority) populations in Israel. Setting: Community-dwelling Israelis over the age of 50. Participants: The sample was composed of 1570 participants. Measurement: To examine the double jeopardy versus the intersectional escape hypothesis, self-perceptions of aging (SPA) and perceived age-based discrimination in the healthcare system were examined as outcome variables. Results: Among Israeli Arabs, being older was related to better SPA, whereas among the immigrants being older was related to worse SPA. As immigrants became older, they were more likely to report ageist experiences. Israeli Arabs reported higher levels of ageist experiences, regardless of their age. Conclusions: The findings point to certain groups that require education about ageism and the aging processes and might require further protection from the experiences of ageism. The findings also point to the relevance of different theoretical paradigms that advocate for the consideration of culture and group membership in the understanding of the experiences of ageism.

scholarly journals Determinants of Bone Mineral Screening Behavior among Three Ethno-Cultural Groups of Women in Israel

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6138
Author(s):  
Offer E. Edelstein ◽  
Netta Achdut ◽  
Iris Vered ◽  
Orly Sarid
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Screening Behavior ◽  
Positive Attitudes

Bone mineral density (BMD) screening is one of the main means to detect and treat osteoporosis. Yet, the manner in which ethno-cultural background is associated with BMD health cognitions and screening behavior remains limited. Several ethno-cultural groups (n = 100 in each group)—Israeli-born Jews, Israeli-born Bedouin-Muslims, and Jewish immigrants from the Former Soviet Union (FSU), mean age 70 (SD = 7.1)—participated in face-to-face interviews in a cross-sectional survey, using valid and reliable questionnaires on BMD screening behavior, knowledge about osteoporosis, and theory of planned behavior (TPB) components. FSU immigrants reported the lowest BMD screening behavior. The multivariate analysis showed that higher knowledge level, positive attitudes, supportive subjective norms, and greater intentions increase the probability of BMD screening behavior. The TPB attitude component had a more pronounced effect on the probability of undergoing BMD screening among Israeli-born Bedouin-Muslims compared to Israeli-born Jews. Our findings contribute to the TPB by deepening our understanding of the associations between TPB components and BMD screening behaviors, from an ethno-cultural perspective. To assure sufficient BMD screening behavior among all ethno-cultural groups, intervention programs—suited to address the unique characteristics of each ethno-cultural group—are required.

scholarly journals The Association of Social Support and Symptomatic Remission among Community-Dwelling Schizophrenia Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 3977
Author(s):  
Chi-Hsuan Fan ◽  
Shih-Chieh Hsu ◽  
Fei-Hsiu Hsiao ◽  
Chia-Ming Chang ◽  
Chia-Yih Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Remission Status ◽  
Remission Rates ◽  
Symptomatic Remission

Schizophrenia is a mental disease that often leads to chronicity. Social support could reduce the severity of psychotic symptoms; therefore, its influence on remission should be examined. This study investigated the remission rates in community-dwelling schizophrenia patients and examined the association between social support and remission status. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 129 schizophrenia patients in Taiwan. Remission rates were evaluated, and the level of social support, clinical characteristics, sociodemographic variables, and healthy lifestyle status were compared between the remission and nonremission groups. The association between social support and remission was analyzed after adjusting for confounding factors. The mean illness duration is 12.9 years. More than 95% of the participants lived with their families, 63% were unemployed, and 43% achieved remission. Higher social support was observed in the remission group, and a significant correlation was observed between family domain of social support and remission status. Family support was a protective factor of symptomatic remission in community-dwelling schizophrenia patients in Taiwan. The results reflect the effects of a family-centered culture on patients during illness. Consequently, reinforcing family relationships and the capacity of families to manage the symptoms of patients and providing support to families are recommended.

scholarly journals Self-rated health among migrants from the former Soviet Union in Germany: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. e022947
Author(s):  
Susanne Stolpe ◽  
Mary Ouma ◽  
Volker Winkler ◽  
Christa Meisinger ◽  
Heiko Becher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Missing Values ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Limited Mobility ◽  
Self Rated Health

ObjectivesTo assess the status and change in self-rated health among Aussiedler, ethnic German immigrants from the former Soviet Union, as a predictor for premature death 10 years after first assessment. Moreover, to identify subgroups which are particular at risk of anticipated severe health impairment.DesignCross-sectional questionnaire.SettingThe study was conducted in the catchment area of Augsburg, a city in southern Bavaria, Germany, in 2011/2012 that has a large community of Aussiedler.Participants595 Aussiedler (231 male, 364 female, mean age 55 years) who in majority migrated to Germany between 1990 and 1999.OutcomePrimary outcome: self-rated health (very good/good/not so good/bad) and its association with demographic, social and morbidity related variables.MethodsSelf-rated health was dichotomised as ‘very good’ and ‘good’ versus ‘not so good’ and ‘bad’. Multivariable logistic models were created. Missing values with regard to pain were addressed by a second analysis.ResultsAlthough low response suggests a healthier sample, the findings are alarming. Altogether47% of the Aussiedler perceived their health as less than good, which is worse compared with the first assessment in 2000 (25% compared with 20% of the general public). Prevalence of high blood pressure was present in 52% of Aussiedler, 34.5% were obese, 40.7% suffered from frequent pain and 13.1% had diabetes mellitus. According to the multivariable models, individuals suffering from pain, limited mobility, diabetes mellitus and high blood pressure are particularly in jeopardy.Conclusions10 years after the first assessment of self-rated health among Aussiedler their situation deteriorated. Tailored risk factor counselling of general practitioners is highly recommended.

scholarly journals THE DETERMINANTS OF FDI IN SIX FORMER FSU COUNTRIES: A STUDY OF DATA 1995–2017

2020 ◽  
pp. 140-181
Author(s):  
Vijay SHENAI ◽  
Artem SHCHERBYNA ◽  
Sergei VORONIN ◽  
Dmitriy OLKHOVSKYY
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Fixed Line ◽  
Determinants Of Fdi

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) can bring in much needed capital, particularly in emerging markets, help improve manufacturing and trade sectors, bring in more efficient technologies, increase local production and exports, create jobs and develop local skills, bring about improvements in soft and hard infrastructure and overall be a contributor to sustainable economic growth in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). With all these desirable features, it becomes relevant to ascertain the factors which attract FDI to an economy or a group of adjacent economies. This paper explores the determinants of FDI in six Former Soviet Union (FSU): Ukraine, Belarus, Armenia, Russia, Moldova and Kazakhstan. After an extensive literature review of theories and empirical research and using a set of cross-sectional data over the period 1995–2017, an ARDL model is estimated with FDI/GDP as the dependent variable. Inflation, exchange rate changes, openness, economy size (GDP), Income levels (GNI per capita), Infrastructure (measured by the number of fixed line and mobile subscription per 100 persons) are tested as independent variables for explanatory power in long run and short run relationships. Over the period, higher inflows of FDI in relation to GDP appear to be have been attracted to the markets with better infrastructure, smaller markets and higher income levels, with lower openness, depreciation in the exchange rate and higher income levels though the coefficients of the last three variables are not significant. The results show the type of FDI attracted to investments in this region and are evaluated from theoretical and practical view points. Policy recommendations are made to enhance FDI inflows and further economic development in this region. Such a study of this region has not been made in the past. JEL: C21, F21, F23.

scholarly journals Eating Slowly Is Associated with Undernutrition among Community-Dwelling Adult Men and Older Adult Women

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Tomiyo Nakamura ◽  
Yasuyuki Nakamura ◽  
Naoyuki Takashima ◽  
Aya Kadota ◽  
Katsuyuki Miura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adult ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Double Burden Of Malnutrition

The double burden of malnutrition refers to the co-occurrence of overweight and obesity and undernutrition. Eating quickly has been linked to overweight and obesity. However, no study has examined the association between eating speed and undernutrition. This retrospective, cross-sectional study analyzed data from 3529 community-dwelling residents. Eating speed was divided into three categories: fast, medium, and slow. Undernutrition was defined as body mass index (BMI) of <18.5 kg/m2 in adults aged < 70 years (adults) and as <20 kg/m2 in adults aged ≥ 70 years (older adults), in accordance with the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria for Asians. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between eating speed and undernutrition. Among adult men, compared with eating quickly, eating slowly was associated with elevated prevalence of undernutrition (odds ratio (OR) 9.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.32–40.51, p = 0.001). Among older adult women, the prevalence of undernutrition in the slow-eating group was higher than that in the fast-eating group (OR 3.82, 95% Cl 1.51–9.69, p = 0.005). Eating slowly is independently associated with the prevalence of undernutrition among community-dwelling adult men and older adult women in Japan.

scholarly journals Changing patterns of fruit and vegetable intake in countries of the former Soviet Union

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1924-1932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Krull Abe ◽  
Andrew Stickley ◽  
Bayard Roberts ◽  
Erica Richardson ◽  
Pamela Abbott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractObjectiveTo assess how the frequency of low fruit and vegetable consumption has changed in countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU) between 2001 and 2010 and to identify factors associated with low consumption.DesignCross-sectional surveys. A standard questionnaire was administered at both time points to examine fruit and vegetable consumption frequency. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between demographic, socio-economic and health behavioural variables and low fruit and vegetable consumption in 2010.SettingNationally representative population samples from Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia and Ukraine.SubjectsAdults aged 18 years and older.ResultsBetween 2001 and 2010 notable changes occurred in fruit and vegetable consumption in many countries resulting in a slight overall deterioration in diet. By 2010 in six countries about 40 % of the population was eating fruit once weekly or less often, while for vegetables the corresponding figure was in excess of 20 % in every country except Azerbaijan. A worse socio-economic situation, negative health behaviours (smoking and alcohol consumption) and rural residence were all associated with low levels of fruit and vegetable consumption.ConclusionsInternational dietary guidelines emphasise the importance of fruit and vegetable consumption. The scale of inadequate consumption of these food groups among much of the population in many FSU countries and its link to socio-economic disadvantage are deeply worrying. This highlights the urgent need for a greater focus to be placed on population nutrition policies to avoid nutrition-related diseases in the FSU countries.

Cultural differences in the association between subjective age and health: evidence from the Israeli component of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE-Israel)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Yoav S. Bergman ◽  
Amit Shrira
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Subjective Age ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Israeli Arabs ◽  
Physical And Psychological Health

Abstract Research has demonstrated that holding a young subjective age (i.e. feeling younger than one's chronological age) has been associated with various positive aspects of physical and psychological health. However, little is known about how such associations differ between cultural sub-groups within a given society. Accordingly, the current study focused on the Israeli component of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE-Israel) and aimed to explore the moderating role of culture on the association between subjective age and objective physical health, subjective physical health and psychological health. Data were collected from 1,793 respondents, who were classified into three groups: veteran Israeli Jews, immigrants from the former Soviet Union and Israeli Arab citizens. Age ranged from 50 to 105 (mean = 69.65, standard deviation = 9.49). All participants rated their subjective age and filled out scales examining six dimensions covering psychological health, as well as objective and subjective physical health. Across all examined dimensions, an older subjective age was associated with unfavourable health outcomes. For the majority of health dimensions, the subjective age–health links were most prominent among Israeli Arabs. Results are discussed from both a general societal standpoint (i.e. group differences in access to health services), as well as from the individual's specific role in his or her culture and society.

The right kind of smart: emotional intelligence’s relationship to cognitive status in community-dwelling older adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1241-1247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odelyah Saad ◽  
Leehu Zysberg ◽  
Jeremia Heinik ◽  
Ron Ben-Itzhak ◽  
Anna Zisberg
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Mental Ability ◽  
Health History ◽  
Memory Clinics ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACTObjectives:To examine whether emotional intelligence (EI) is associated with cognitive function (CF) in a sample of community-dwelling, non-demented elderly out-patients.Design:Correlational cross-sectional study.Setting:Two memory clinics in an urban community in central Israel.Participants:Individuals age 60 and older without dementia, recruited from two memory clinics (N= 151).Measurements:Health history was obtained from medical charts. All participants underwent tests measuring CF, basic and instrumental function, general mental ability (GMA), EI, and depression.Results:Mean age of the participants was 79 years (SD = 7.00) with 96 females (63.6%). Mean score for Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was 21.62 (SD = 3.09) and for EI was 14.08 (SD = 3.30). Linear multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine associations of CF with EI while controlling for gender, age, education, GMA, and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Age, education, GMA, and CCI were significant correlates of CF and accounted for 31.1% of the variance [F(7,143) = 10.8,p<0.01] in CF. EI was added in the second block and was the factor most strongly associated with CF, explaining an additional 9.1% (a total of 40.2%) of the variance in CF [F(8,142) = 13.2,p<0.01].Conclusion:This study is the first to show the association between EI and CF in older adults. Future prospective studies are needed to explicate the possibility of EI as a protective factor against cognitive decline.

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