scholarly journals THE DETERMINANTS OF FDI IN SIX FORMER FSU COUNTRIES: A STUDY OF DATA 1995–2017

2020 ◽  
pp. 140-181
Author(s):  
Vijay SHENAI ◽  
Artem SHCHERBYNA ◽  
Sergei VORONIN ◽  
Dmitriy OLKHOVSKYY
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Fixed Line ◽  
Determinants Of Fdi

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) can bring in much needed capital, particularly in emerging markets, help improve manufacturing and trade sectors, bring in more efficient technologies, increase local production and exports, create jobs and develop local skills, bring about improvements in soft and hard infrastructure and overall be a contributor to sustainable economic growth in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). With all these desirable features, it becomes relevant to ascertain the factors which attract FDI to an economy or a group of adjacent economies. This paper explores the determinants of FDI in six Former Soviet Union (FSU): Ukraine, Belarus, Armenia, Russia, Moldova and Kazakhstan. After an extensive literature review of theories and empirical research and using a set of cross-sectional data over the period 1995–2017, an ARDL model is estimated with FDI/GDP as the dependent variable. Inflation, exchange rate changes, openness, economy size (GDP), Income levels (GNI per capita), Infrastructure (measured by the number of fixed line and mobile subscription per 100 persons) are tested as independent variables for explanatory power in long run and short run relationships. Over the period, higher inflows of FDI in relation to GDP appear to be have been attracted to the markets with better infrastructure, smaller markets and higher income levels, with lower openness, depreciation in the exchange rate and higher income levels though the coefficients of the last three variables are not significant. The results show the type of FDI attracted to investments in this region and are evaluated from theoretical and practical view points. Policy recommendations are made to enhance FDI inflows and further economic development in this region. Such a study of this region has not been made in the past. JEL: C21, F21, F23.

scholarly journals The Determinants of FDI in Sub-Saharan Economies: A Study of Data from 1990–2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prince Jaiblai ◽  
Vijay Shenai
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
National Income ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Determinants Of Fdi

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) can bring in much needed capital, particularly to developing countries, help improve manufacturing and trade sectors, bring in more efficient technologies, increase local production and exports, create jobs and develop local skills, and bring about improvements in infrastructure and overall be a contributor to sustainable economic growth. With all these desirable features, it becomes relevant to ascertain the factors which attract FDI to an economy or a group of adjacent economies. This paper explores the determinants of FDI in ten sub-Saharan economies: Liberia, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Cameroun, and Senegal. After an extensive literature review of theories and empirical research, using a set of cross-sectional data over the period 1990–2017, two econometric models are estimated with FDI/GDP (the ratio of Foreign Direct Investment to Gross Domestic Product) as the dependent variable, and with inflation, exchange rate changes, openness, economy size (GDP), income levels (GNI/capita (Gross National Income) per capita), and infrastructure as the independent variables. Over the period, higher inflows of FDI in relation to GDP appear to be have been attracted to the markets with better infrastructure, smaller markets, and lower income levels, with higher openness and depreciation in the exchange rate, though the coefficients of the last two variables are not significant. These results show the type of FDI attracted to investments in this region and are evaluated from theoretical and practical viewpoints. FDI is an important source of finance for developing economies. On average, between 2013 and 2017, FDI accounted for 39 percent of external finance for developing economies. Policy guidelines are formulated for the enhancement of FDI inflows and further economic development in this region. Such a study of this region has not been made in the recent past.

Multiple identities of Jewish immigrant adolescents from the former Soviet Union: An exploration of salience and impact of ethnic identity

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Birman ◽  
Irena Persky ◽  
Wing Yi Chan
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Jewish Immigrant ◽  
Immigrant Adolescents ◽  
Adolescent Immigrants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Jewish Adolescents

The current paper explores the salience and impact of ethnic and national identities for immigrants that are negotiating more than two cultures. Specifically, we were interested in the ways in which Jewish immigrant adolescents from the former Soviet Union integrate their Russian, Jewish, and American identities, and to what extent identification with these three cultures predicts adaptation to varied life domains. In order to examine whether being Jewish has an impact on salience and predictive value of Russian and American identities, a sample of Jewish adolescents (n = 100) was compared with a sample of non-Jewish (n = 113) adolescent immigrants from the former Soviet Union. The study suggests that Jewish and non-Jewish adolescent immigrants differ in levels of Russian and American identity. Further, using structural equation modeling a bicultural model for Jewish and non-Jewish adolescents was tested. The results suggest that these two groups do not differ with respect to how Russian and American identities impact on adjustment. However, adding Jewish identity to the model for the Jewish sample significantly improved model fit, and rendered some of the impact of Russian identity non-significant. Thus a multicultural model that included all three identities had better explanatory power for this sample than a bicultural one. Implications for the study of ethnic identity of immigrants, particularly those whose lives involve multiple cultural affiliations, are drawn.

scholarly journals Self-rated health among migrants from the former Soviet Union in Germany: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. e022947
Author(s):  
Susanne Stolpe ◽  
Mary Ouma ◽  
Volker Winkler ◽  
Christa Meisinger ◽  
Heiko Becher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Missing Values ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Limited Mobility ◽  
Self Rated Health

ObjectivesTo assess the status and change in self-rated health among Aussiedler, ethnic German immigrants from the former Soviet Union, as a predictor for premature death 10 years after first assessment. Moreover, to identify subgroups which are particular at risk of anticipated severe health impairment.DesignCross-sectional questionnaire.SettingThe study was conducted in the catchment area of Augsburg, a city in southern Bavaria, Germany, in 2011/2012 that has a large community of Aussiedler.Participants595 Aussiedler (231 male, 364 female, mean age 55 years) who in majority migrated to Germany between 1990 and 1999.OutcomePrimary outcome: self-rated health (very good/good/not so good/bad) and its association with demographic, social and morbidity related variables.MethodsSelf-rated health was dichotomised as ‘very good’ and ‘good’ versus ‘not so good’ and ‘bad’. Multivariable logistic models were created. Missing values with regard to pain were addressed by a second analysis.ResultsAlthough low response suggests a healthier sample, the findings are alarming. Altogether47% of the Aussiedler perceived their health as less than good, which is worse compared with the first assessment in 2000 (25% compared with 20% of the general public). Prevalence of high blood pressure was present in 52% of Aussiedler, 34.5% were obese, 40.7% suffered from frequent pain and 13.1% had diabetes mellitus. According to the multivariable models, individuals suffering from pain, limited mobility, diabetes mellitus and high blood pressure are particularly in jeopardy.Conclusions10 years after the first assessment of self-rated health among Aussiedler their situation deteriorated. Tailored risk factor counselling of general practitioners is highly recommended.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Oil Revenues on the Standard of Living in Oil-Exporting Countries of the Former Soviet Union

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cihan Bulut ◽  
Fakhri Hasanov ◽  
Elchin Suleymanov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Speed Of Adjustment ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Oil Revenues ◽  
The Impact

The aim of our study is to examine the impact of the oil revenues on the standard of living in oil-exporting countries of the former Soviet Union and to make policy suggestions based on the obtained findings. It has been explain that resource dependency adjust the structure of these countries' economies, which leads to income inequality compensation changes in different sectors of the economy. Characteristic of resource- rich of post-Soviet oil exporters countries - Russia, Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan have been analyzed. It has been demonstrated that dependency on resources modifies the structure of these countries’ economies, which leads to income inequality based on employment via a mechanism of labor compensation changes in different sectors of the economy. We are going to employ co-integration and error correction methods in our empirical analysis. Is there a long-run relationship between the oil revenues and the standard of living in oil-exporting countries of the former Soviet Union; What is the role of dynamics of the oil revenues in the standard of living in the short run; What is the magnitude of speed of adjustment from the short-run fluctuation towards long-run equilibrium of the system; What is the direction of long- and short-run causality in the oil revenues - standard of living relationship.

Old Belief as Popular Religion: New Approaches

Slavic Review ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 700-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert O. Crummey
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Popular Religion ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Historical Ethnography ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Western Historiography

In recent decades, the rediscovery of historical ethnography in western historiography has produced an extensive literature on "popular Christianity" in many European societies. Until recently, however, this historiographical current has exercised very limited influence on historical study in the former Soviet Union. In one sense, Russian historians had no need for such influence; the populist tradition in Russian historiography and its continuation in marxist-leninist attire meant that the study of popular attitudes and beliefs was hardly the novelty it was in other countries in recent decades.

Crude Prices – Is Opec Relevant?

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 143-158
Author(s):  
Philip K. Verleger
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Credit Rating ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
New Production ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Crude Oil Prices ◽  
Long Run

The next OPEC meeting will occur on the 20th anniversary of the first oil shock. While the 1993 meeting is unlikely to be as dramatic as the 1973 one, its long-run outcome could be just as great. Indeed, this meeting could mark another anniversary – the end of OPEC's influence on crude oil prices. Oil-exporting nations are in deep trouble. A global recession is suppressing consumption growth and frustrating exporter attempts to boost prices. Financial conditions in exporting nations have deteriorated so much that the Federal Reserve Bank of New York has attempted to lower Saudi Arabia's credit rating. Political stability in at least three OPEC nations is precarious. Future prospects for oil exporters appear even bleaker. New production from several satellites of the former Soviet Union (FSU) will reach the market within a few years, limiting the increase in OPEC sales, and the FSU's incremental output will be augmented by much larger exports from Iraq, where multinational oil companies may once again play a large role in developing Middle Eastern oil. An oil price surge resulting from turmoil in Nigeria will, ironically, only serve to emphasize OPEC's loss of influence. When a cartel-like organization breaks down, the result is usually lower and more volatile prices, and so political or physical production disruptions have a greater impact on volumes supplied. In the future, these disruptions will occur more often because of the worsening financial situation in exporting countries.

The Evil Empire Revisited: New York Times Coverage of the Soviet Intervention in and Withdrawal from Afghanistan

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jothik Krishnaiah ◽  
Nancy Signorielli ◽  
Douglas M. McLeod
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
New York Times ◽  
The New York Times ◽  
Soviet Ideology ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Story Elements

This study examines the New York Times coverage of the Soviet intervention and withdrawal from Afghanistan from 1979 to 1989. Changes in coverage are examined in the context of easing tensions between the U.S. and the former Soviet Union. Findings indicate that the treatment of major story elements was consistent with Herman and Chomsky's propaganda framework. However, changes in the tone of coverage may imply a slight weakening in the explanatory power of the propaganda framework as anti-Soviet ideology diminished.

scholarly journals Changing patterns of fruit and vegetable intake in countries of the former Soviet Union

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1924-1932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Krull Abe ◽  
Andrew Stickley ◽  
Bayard Roberts ◽  
Erica Richardson ◽  
Pamela Abbott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractObjectiveTo assess how the frequency of low fruit and vegetable consumption has changed in countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU) between 2001 and 2010 and to identify factors associated with low consumption.DesignCross-sectional surveys. A standard questionnaire was administered at both time points to examine fruit and vegetable consumption frequency. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between demographic, socio-economic and health behavioural variables and low fruit and vegetable consumption in 2010.SettingNationally representative population samples from Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia and Ukraine.SubjectsAdults aged 18 years and older.ResultsBetween 2001 and 2010 notable changes occurred in fruit and vegetable consumption in many countries resulting in a slight overall deterioration in diet. By 2010 in six countries about 40 % of the population was eating fruit once weekly or less often, while for vegetables the corresponding figure was in excess of 20 % in every country except Azerbaijan. A worse socio-economic situation, negative health behaviours (smoking and alcohol consumption) and rural residence were all associated with low levels of fruit and vegetable consumption.ConclusionsInternational dietary guidelines emphasise the importance of fruit and vegetable consumption. The scale of inadequate consumption of these food groups among much of the population in many FSU countries and its link to socio-economic disadvantage are deeply worrying. This highlights the urgent need for a greater focus to be placed on population nutrition policies to avoid nutrition-related diseases in the FSU countries.

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