Exercise restriction is not associated with increasing body mass index over time in patients with anomalous aortic origin of the coronary arteries

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 1538-1544 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Meza ◽  
Matthew D. Elias ◽  
Travis J. Wilder ◽  
James E. O’Brien ◽  
Richard W. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Clinic Visit ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Exercise Restriction ◽  
Over Time

AbstractAnomalous aortic origin of the coronary arteries is associated with exercise-induced ischaemia, leading some physicians to restrict exercise in patients with this condition. We sought to determine whether exercise restriction was associated with increasing body mass index over time. From 1998 to 2015, 440 patients ⩽30 years old were enrolled into an inception cohort. Exercise-restriction status was documented in 143 patients. Using linear mixed model repeated-measures regression, factors associated with increasing body mass index z-score over time, including exercise restriction and surgical intervention as time-varying covariates, were investigated. The 143 patients attended 558 clinic visits for which exercise-restriction status was recorded. The mean number of clinic visits per patient was 4, and the median duration of follow-up was 1.7 years (interquartile range (IQR) 0.5–4.4). The median age at first clinic visit was 10.3 years (IQR 7.1–13.9), and 71% (101/143) were males. All patients were alive at their most recent follow-up. At the first clinic visit, 54% (78/143) were exercise restricted, and restriction status changed in 34% (48/143) during follow-up. The median baseline body mass index z-score was 0.2 (IQR 0.3–0.9). In repeated-measures analysis, neither time-related exercise restriction nor its interaction with time was associated with increasing body mass index z-score. Surgical intervention and its interaction with time were associated with decreasing body mass index z-score. Although exercise restriction was not associated with increasing body mass index over time, surgical intervention was associated with decreasing body mass index z-score over time in patients with anomalous aortic origin of the coronary arteries.

scholarly journals A Follow-up Study of Overweight Children and Adolescents with Diet Therapy Adjusted by Indirect Calorimetry

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 029-034
Author(s):  
Gabriela Koglin ◽  
Carlos Alberto Nogueira-de-Almeida ◽  
Mariur Gomes Beghetto ◽  
Elza Daniel de Mello
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Diet Therapy ◽  
Excess Weight ◽  
Dietary Management ◽  
Z Score

Abstract Introduction Changes in lifestyle have led to an increase in the prevalence of excess weight. Several interventions intended to reverse this situation have been tested. Methods We evaluated changes in the z-score for body mass index in children and adolescents after dietary management adjusted by indirect calorimetry. During 1 year, a monthly follow-up was performed on 27 children and adolescents (8–15 years) with overweight/obesity (z-score for body mass index ≥ + 1); body weight and stature measurements were collected at inclusion, at 6, and at 12 months after indirect calorimetry. Each participant received a diet adjusted by the value of indirect calorimetry. The basal metabolic rate (BMR) was evaluated to understand how to behave according to the bodily changes induced by the intervention. For statistical analyses, repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed. Results The z-score for body mass index showed a reduction by the end of the study (-0.17 ± 0.05 [p = 0.014]). The BMR dropped during the first 6 months but returned to baseline values after 12 months (p = 0.231). Conclusion Dietary management adjusted by BMR for obese children and adolescents with excess weight, with monthly appointments, was effective after 12 months of intervention; the weight loss did not cause significant change of BMR in this period.

scholarly journals Body mass index and mortality in relation to age and follow-up of 30 years in large Austrian cohorts

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
G Nagel ◽  
R S Peter ◽  
B Föger ◽  
H Concin
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Generalized Additive Models ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Calendar Time ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Obesity and its health consequences will dominate health care systems in many countries during the next decades. Prevention programs have been implemented. However, the optimum body mass index (BMI) in relation to all-cause mortality on population level is still a matter of debate. Material and Method Data 1/1989-6/2005 of the Vorarlberg Health Monitoring & Prevention Program (VHM&PP,) and 8/2005-12/2015 for Vorarlberg provided by the Main Association of Austrian Social Security Institutions were analyzed. In both cohorts, information was available on age, sex, measured height and weight as well as the date and cause of death. Generalized additive models were used to model the mortality rate as function of calendar time, age and follow-up. Results The VHM&PP cohort consisted of 85,488 men and 99,873 women and the later of 129,817 men and 152,399 women. In the second cohort, men (mean age 48 (SD16.9) vs. 45.3 (SD 15.5) and women (48.3 (SD 17.7) vs. 45.6 (SD 16.6) years) were slightly older than in the VHM&PP cohort. The average BMI was slightly higher in men (26.1 (SD4.0) vs. 25.7 (SD3.8) kg/m2) but not in women (24.6 (SD 4.8) vs. 24.7 (SD 4.9) kg/m2), respectively. In the VHM&PP cohort more ever smokers were found in both men (40.3 vs. 22.4%) and women (24.8 vs. 18.4%) than in the subsequent cohort. BMI optimum increased slightly between 1985 and 2015, from 24.9 (95%-CI: 24.0-25.9) to 26.4 (25.3-27.3) in men and from 22.4 (21.8-23.1) to 23.3 (22.5-24.5) kg/m2 in women. However, age and follow-up had major impact on the increase. In younger age the associations are quite stable, while in men over 50 years and in women over 60 years the BMI optimum decreased with length of follow-up. Conclusions Overall the BMI optimum increased slightly over time. However, age and follow-up had major impact on the association. These results suggest, that prognosis of obesity related diseases has improved over time. To detangle this further research is necessary. Key messages In Austria the BMI optimum increased slightly over time. Age and follow-up time had major impact on the association.

scholarly journals Body Mass Index and Frailty Among Older Mexican Americans: Findings From an 18-year of Follow-up

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 820-820
Author(s):  
Megan Rutherford ◽  
Brian Downer ◽  
Chih-Ying Li ◽  
Soham Al Snih
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Weight Category ◽  
Over Time

Abstract The objective of this study was to examine body mass index (BMI) as predictor of frailty among non-frail Mexican American older adults at baseline. Data are from an 18-year prospective cohort of 1,647 non-institutionalized Mexican American aged ≥ 67 years from the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (1995/1996-2012/13). BMI (Kg/m2) was grouped according to the National Institutes of Health obesity standards (<18.5=underweight, 18.5–24.9=normal weight, 25.0–29.9=overweight, 30.0–34.9=obesity category I and ≥ 35=obesity category II and extreme obesity). Frailty was defined as meeting three or more of the following: unintentional weight loss of >10 pounds, weakness, self-reported exhaustion, low physical activity, and slow walking speed. Covariates included socio-demographics, comorbidities, cognitive function, depressive symptoms, and limitations in activities of daily living (ADL). General Estimating Equations were performed to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of frailty as a function of BMI categories. All variables were analyzed as time varying except for gender and education. Participants in the underweight or obesity type II / morbidity obesity category had increased OR of frailty over time than those in the normal weight category (2.68, 95% CI=1.46-4.9 vs.1.55, 95% CI=1.02-2.35, respectively) after controlling for all covariates. Those who reported arthritis, hip fracture, depressive symptoms, or ADL disability had increased odds of frailty over time. This study showed a U-shaped relationship between BMI and frailty over an 18-year period of follow-up which has implications for maintaining a healthy weight to prevent frailty in this population.

scholarly journals Natural course of metabolically healthy phenotype and risk of developing Cardiometabolic diseases: a three years follow-up study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Elías-López ◽  
◽  
Arsenio Vargas-Vázquez ◽  
Roopa Mehta ◽  
Ivette Cruz Bautista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
History Of ◽  
Metabolically Healthy ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Whether the metabolically healthy obese (MHO) phenotype is a single, stable or a transitional, fluctuating state is currently unknown. The Mexican-Mestizo population has a genetic predisposition for the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and other cardiometabolic complications. Little is known about the natural history of metabolic health in this population. The aim of this study was to analyze the transitions over time among individuals with different degrees of metabolic health and body mass index, and evaluate the incidence of cardiometabolic outcomes according to phenotype. Methods The study population consisted of a metabolic syndrome cohort with at least 3 years of follow up. Participants were apparently-healthy urban Mexican adults ≥20 years with a body mass index (BMI) ≥20 kg/m2. Metabolically healthy phenotype was defined using the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) metabolic syndrome criteria and the subjects were stratified into 4 groups according to their BMI and metabolic health. For cardiometabolic outcomes we estimated the incidence of cardiometabolic outcomes and standardized them per 1, 000 person-years of follow-up. Finally, to evaluate the risk for transition and development of cardiometabolic outcomes, we fitted Cox Proportional Hazard regression models. Results Amongst the 5541 subjects, 54.2% were classified as metabolically healthy and 45.8% as unhealthy. The MHO prevalence was 39.3%. Up to a third of the population changed from their initial category to another and the higher transition rate was observed in MHO (42.9%). We also found several novel factors associated to transition to metabolically unhealthy phenotype; socioeconomic status, number of pregnancies, a high carbohydrate intake, history of obesity and consumption of sweetened beverages. Similarly, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was a main predictor of transition; loss of VAT ≥5% was associated with reversion from metabolically unhealthy to metabolically healthy phenotype (hazard ratio (HR) 1.545, 95%CI 1.266–1.886). Finally, we observed higher incidence rates and risk of incident T2D and hypertension in the metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUHO) and metabolically unhealthy lean (MUHL) phenotypes compared to MHO. Conclusions Metabolic health is a dynamic and continuous process, at high risk of transition to metabolically unhealthy phenotypes over time. It is imperative to establish effective processes in primary care to prevent such transitions.

Changes in Body Mass Index and Late Postoperative Outcomes in Elderly Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Patients: A Follow-up Study

2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose Ann DiMaria-Ghalili
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting ◽  
Coronary Artery Bypass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Bypass Grafting ◽  
Artery Bypass Grafting ◽  
Over Time

The purpose of this study was to describe the extent to which late postoperative health outcomes vary as a function of change in body mass index (BMI) in persons 65 years of age undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The mean age of the 90 persons in the original sample was 72.27 (±4.85) years. At follow-up (x = 18.73,s = 2.56 months postsurgery), 90% (n = 79 alive,n = 2 deceased, proxy completed interview) were contacted; 73% (n = 59) completed the telephone interview; and 9% (n = 8) were alive but lost to follow-up. BMI (kg/m2) was calculated from self-reported weight at follow-up. Outcomes included the Physical Component Summary (PCS) scale of the SF-36 Health Survey and readmission data. Thex (s ) for BMI at preoperative, postoperative, postdischarge, and follow-up were 28.1 (4.9) kg/ m2 , 28.76 (4.9) kg/m2, 27.11 (4.8) kg/m2, and 27.95 (4.7) kg/m2, respectively. BMI changed over time,P < 0.05. Those who were readmitted lost more weight between preoperative and postdischarge than those who were not readmitted (x BMI = –2.26 vs.x BMI = –1.35),t = 2.17,df = 27.05,P = 0.04. Those who lost less weight between preoperative and postdischarge were less likely to be readmitted,.2 = 5.755 (1),P = 0.02, with 25% sensitivity and 92% specificity. Thex (sx) for PCS at preoperative, postdischarge, and follow-up were 36.93 (1.62), 35.72 (1.27), and 42.26 (1.45), respectively, reflecting change over time,F = 11.43 (2),P < 0.001. At follow-up, older elective CABG patients do not appear to regain weight lost between preoperative and postdischarge; however, self-reported physical health is improved. Also, initial weight loss is related to readmissions.

scholarly journals Postpartum Fitness and Body Mass Index Changes in Active Duty Navy Women

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy E Rogers ◽  
Zeina G Khodr ◽  
Anna T Bukowinski ◽  
Ava Marie S Conlin ◽  
Dennis J Faix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Live Birth ◽  
Maternity Leave ◽  
Active Duty ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Institutional Review Boards ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Introduction Active duty Navy women participate in biannual Physical Fitness Assessments (PFAs), which include height and weight measurements and a Physical Readiness Test (PRT). PFAs are waived during pregnancy and resume the cycle after 6 months following maternity leave. The purpose of this study was to compare changes in PFA results over time between women who had or did not have a live birth during the follow-up period, and identify characteristics of women with lower PFA results postpartum. Materials and Methods This longitudinal study included 14,142 active duty Navy women, aged 19–40 years, with PFA results during July 2011–June 2015. Multivariable logistic regression, Stuart-Maxwell tests, and mixed effects modeling were used to examine changes in PRT scores and body mass index over time between women with and without a live birth during follow-up. All data were analyzed in 2017. This study was approved by the institutional review boards at the Uniformed Services University Office of Research and the Naval Health Research Center, and informed consent was waived in accordance with 32 CFR § 219.116(d). Results Postpartum women had increased odds of PRT failures (AOR = 3.88, 95% CI: 1.44–10.40) and lower PRT scores (AOR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.12–1.92) up to 2.5 years postpartum, versus women without a live birth. Being enlisted, obese/overweight prepregnancy, and younger were risk factors for suboptimal PFA outcomes. Mean core strength and cardiovascular endurance, but not upper body strength, scores were significantly lower in postpartum women at 1 year postpartum versus women without a live birth. Conclusions Our findings show that additional interventions may be needed to assist women in returning to prepregnancy fitness up to 1 year postpartum. Future studies should examine additional factors that may improve postpartum fitness in addition to enhancing maternity leave policies.

Associations Between Motor Competence, Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity, and Body Mass Index Among Preschoolers Over 1 Year

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Sandra Silva-Santos ◽  
Amanda Santos ◽  
Clarice Martins ◽  
Michael Duncan ◽  
Maria João Lagoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Motor Competence ◽  
Sample Height ◽  
Movement Assessment ◽  
Over Time

Background: To examine the associations between motor competence (MC), moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and body mass index (BMI) changes over 1 year in preschoolers. Methods: Fifty-four preschoolers (24 girls; 42.4%) aged 4–5 years old from the metropolitan area of Porto, Portugal comprised the sample. Height, body mass, and BMI were calculated. MC was assessed according to the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2. MVPA was measured by accelerometry. For each participant, changes in MVPA, MC, and BMI over a year were computed. Different levels of MC were calculated; and then data were analyzed. Results: The MVPA increased over time in all levels of MC in the follow-up. The BMI decreased over time for all levels in follow-up (P = .001). The preschoolers classified as at a high level of MC were more likely to spend more time in MVPA (in minutes) than their counterparts with low MC in follow-up. Multiple linear regression analyses, adjusted by sex and age, were fit to predict Δ% MC by Δ% MVPA and Δ% BMI. The Δ% MC was positively associated with Δ% MVPA. Conclusion: Increases in MC were positively associated with MVPA. Higher performance in MC increases due to time spent in MVPA. Improvement of MC in young children has potentially relevant policy implications related to MVPA and public health.

scholarly journals Avocado Intake, and Longitudinal Weight and Body Mass Index Changes in an Adult Cohort

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celine Heskey ◽  
Keiji Oda ◽  
Joan Sabaté
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Generalized Least Squares ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Adult Weight ◽  
Index Changes ◽  
Serving Size

Avocados contain nutrients and bioactive compounds that may help reduce the risk of becoming overweight/obese. We prospectively examined the effect of habitual avocado intake on changes in weight and body mass index (BMI). In the Adventist Health Study (AHS-2), a longitudinal cohort (~55,407; mean age ~56 years; U.S. and Canada), avocado intake (standard serving size 32 g/day) was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Self-reported height and weight were collected at baseline. Self-reported follow-up weight was collected with follow-up questionnaires between four and 11 years after baseline. Using the generalized least squares (GLS) approach, we analyzed repeated measures of weight in relation to avocado intake. Marginal logistic regression analyses were used to calculate the odds of becoming overweight/obese, comparing low (>0 to <32 g/day) and high (≥32 g/day) avocado intake to non-consumers (reference). Avocado consumers who were normal weight at baseline, gained significantly less weight than non-consumers. The odds (OR (95% CI)) of becoming overweight/obese between baseline and follow-up was 0.93 (0.85, 1.01), and 0.85 (0.60, 1.19) for low and high avocado consumers, respectively. Habitual consumption of avocados may reduce adult weight gain, but odds of overweight/obesity are attenuated by differences in initial BMI values.

Products with high sugar content and body mass index: modeling pathways around the first 1,000 days of life, BRISA cohort

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Dâmaris Alves Silva Pinto ◽  
Joelma Ximenes Prado Teixeira Nascimento ◽  
Luana Lopes Padilha ◽  
Sueli Ismael Oliveira da Conceição ◽  
Ana Karina Teixeira da Cunha França ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
High Sugar ◽  
Sugary Drinks ◽  
High Sugar Content ◽  
In Pregnancy

ABSTRACT Objective Few studies are focused on sugar consumption around the first 1,000 days of life. Thus, this work modelled the pathways linking the consumption of sugary drinks in pregnancy and maternal pre-gestational Body Mass Index (BMI) to early child’s exposure to products with high sugar content and to BMI z-score in the 2nd year of life. Design BRISA Cohort, São Luís, Brazil were used from the baseline and to the follow-up at the 2nd year of life. Setting A theoretical model was constructed to analyse associations between variables from prenatal period (socioeconomic status, age, frequency of sugary drinks consumption during pregnancy and pre-gestational BMI), birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding and two outcomes: higher calories from products with added sugar as a percentage of the total daily energy intake and BMI z-score at follow-up at the first two years of life, using structural equation modelling. Participants Data of pregnant women (n=1,136) and their offspring. Results Higher pre-gestational BMI (Standardized Coefficient - SC=0.100; p=0.008) and higher frequency of sugary drinks consumption during pregnancy (SC=0.134; p<0.001) resulted in high percentage of daily calories from products with added sugar in 2nd year of child, although, no yet effect was observed on offspring weight at that time. Conclusions Maternal obesity and sugary drinks consumption in pregnancy increased the risk of early exposure (before to 2 years) and high exposure of child to added sugar, showing perpetuation of the unhealth dietary behaviors in the first 1,000 days of life.

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