scholarly journals Development of Trauma and Disaster Response in Togo, Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (s1) ◽  
pp. s120-s120
Author(s):  
Odeda Benin-Goren ◽  
Nimrod Aviran ◽  
Iris Adler ◽  
Oran Zlotnik ◽  
Yossi Baratz
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Trauma Care ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Development Cooperation ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Trauma Unit

Introduction:The project was provided under the auspice and support of the Israel Agency for International Development Cooperation (MASHAV) at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA). Togo, one of the smallest and least developed countries in West Africa, has a population of ~7.9 million. About 65% of its population lives in rural areas. Due to the lack of medical resources, Togo suffers from health problems including those related to trauma and mass events. In May 2017, a trauma and disaster team came to Togo to train the medical team in the new trauma unit, donated and built by the MFA. The unit was built in the Atakpame Regional Hospital (ARH), located 160km north of the capital, Lomé. ARH serves one million inhabitants, mostly from rural areas.Methods:The training included lectures, simulations, drills, case studies, bedside teaching, and operation of medical technologies.Results:Following the training, it was recommended to continue the program and to move forward with advanced training. Following the team’s recommendations, MASHAV decided to expand the program and to provide a multilateral project to Togo and ten other West African countries within five months after the first training ended. Twenty participants (mostly senior doctors) were chosen from ten Western African countries and brought to Lomé. The participants joined a two-day Trauma and Disaster Preparedness seminar. Following the seminar, they were moved to Atakpame to join the local team and the facilitators, to visit the trauma unit, and to learn about it as a model for trauma care that can be modified to the capabilities of the local facility.Discussion:Lessons learned and recommendations from those two projects were brought to the MFA that will try to develop more training and cooperation models to help and establish better trauma care and disaster response, supported by the Israeli team.

Doing It Different

2014 ◽  
pp. 56-72
Author(s):  
Owais Hassan Shaikh ◽  
Yifat Nahmias
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Interregional Trade ◽  
Economic Partnership ◽  
The Eu

This chapter highlights the current developments in the area of intellectual property having direct consequence for the prospects of Africa's knowledge society. Even though African countries, especially the Least Developed Countries (LDCs), have not yet faced pressure from the EU, US, and EFTA for higher intellectual property standards, the situation may change soon with the imminent deadline for conclusion of Economic Partnership Agreements in 2014, the lapse of Africa Growth and Opportunities Act in 2015, and the expiry of the Cotonou Agreement in 2020. African countries will be well advised to decouple trade and intellectual property issues by promoting interregional trade or trade with other developing countries that do not demand TRIPS-Plus protection. They must also negotiate intellectual property within the ambit of the WTO.

Climate Policy and Governance across Africa

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Opha Pauline Dube
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Policy ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Development Agenda

This is an advance summary of a forthcoming article in the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Climate Science. Please check back later for the full article.Africa, a continent with the largest number of countries falling under the category of Least Developed Countries (LDCs), remains highly dependent on rain-fed agriculture that suffers from low intake of water, exacerbating the vulnerability to climate variability and anthropogenic climate change. The increasing frequency and severity of climate extremes impose major strains on the economies of these countries. The loss of livelihoods due to interaction of climate change with existing stressors is elevating internal and cross-border migration. The continent is experiencing rapid urbanization, and its cities represent the most vulnerable locations to climate change due in part to incapacitated local governance. Overall, the institutional capacity to coordinate, regulate, and facilitate development in Africa is weak. The general public is less empowered to hold government accountable. The rule of law, media, and other watchdog organizations, and systems of checks and balances are constrained in different ways, contributing to poor governance and resulting in low capacity to respond to climate risks.As a result, climate policy and governance are inseparable in Africa, and capacitating the government is as essential as establishing climate policy. With the highest level of vulnerability to climate change compared with the rest of the world, governance in Africa is pivotal in crafting and implementing viable climate policies.It is indisputable that African climate policy should focus first and foremost on adaptation to climate change. It is pertinent, therefore, to assess Africa’s governance ability to identify and address the continent’s needs for adaptation. One key aspect of effective climate policy is access to up-to-date and contextually relevant information that encompasses indigenous knowledge. African countries have endeavored to meet international requirements for reports such as the National Communications on Climate Change Impacts and Vulnerabilities and the National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs). However, the capacity to deliver on-time quality reports is lacking; also the implementation, in particular integration of adaptation plans into the overall development agenda, remains a challenge. There are a few successes, but overall adaptation operates mainly at project level. Furthermore, the capacity to access and effectively utilize availed international resources, such as extra funding or technology transfer, is limited in Africa.While the continent is an insignificant source of emissions on a global scale, a more forward looking climate policy would require integrating adaptation with mitigation to put in place a foundation for transformation of the development agenda, towards a low carbon driven economy. Such a futuristic approach calls for a comprehensive and robust climate policy governance that goes beyond climate to embrace the Sustainable Development Goals Agenda 2030. Both governance and climate policy in Africa will need to be viewed broadly, encompassing the process of globalization, which has paved the way to a new geological epoch, the Anthropocene. The question is, what should be the focus of climate policy and governance across Africa under the Anthropocene era?

scholarly journals Who Supports International Development Cooperation in Times of Crisis? Public Opinion in Rural Spain

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2027
Author(s):  
Juan Gómez-Quintero ◽  
Pilar Gargallo Valero ◽  
Jesús Miguel Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
International Development ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Development Cooperation ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Official Development Aid ◽  
The Town

The official development aid provided by donor countries does not solely depend on government decisions; it is also affected by trends in public opinion. This means that it is important to find out more about the opinions, views and attitudes of the citizens of donor countries. In spite of this, very few research studies have specifically analysed the opinions of people from rural areas. The aim of this research is to analyse the attitudes of the inhabitants of rural areas in northeast Spain to assess the degree of support for policies of international cooperation and development. To this end we carried out a survey of 403 people resident in small towns, selected using a stratified sampling process. We then conducted multivariate statistical techniques of the information we had gathered, in which we found that there were three types of individuals according to their level of interest, concern and action: aware but not actively involved, not interested and passive, and proactive with strong convictions. This research has shown that educational level, size of the town and age all influence the person’s interest in the problems affecting the rest of the world and their support for international cooperation.

scholarly journals TRENDS IN ACCESS TO WATER AND SANITATION IN MALAWI: PROGRESS AND INEQUALITIES (1992-2017)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Cassivi ◽  
Elizabeth Tilley ◽  
E.O.D. Waygood ◽  
Caetano Dorea
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Agenda 2030 ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

AbstractBillions of people globally gained access to improved drinking water sources and sanitation in the last decades, following effort towards the Millennium Development Goals. Global progress remains a general indicator as it is unclear if access is equitable across groups of the population. Agenda 2030 calling for “leaving no one behind”, there is a need to focus on the variations of access in different groups of the population, especially in the context of least developed countries including Malawi. We analyzed data from Demographic Health Survey (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) to describe emerging trends on progress and inequalities in water supply and sanitation services over a 25-year period (1992 - 2017) and to identify the most vulnerable population in Malawi. Data were disaggregated with geographic and socio-economic characteristics including regions, urban and rural areas, wealth and education level. Analysis of available data revealed progress in access to water and sanitation among all groups of the population. The largest progress is generally observed in the groups that were further behind at the baseline year, which likely reflects good targeting in interventions/improvements to reduce the gap in the population. Overall, results demonstrated that some segments of the population - foremost poorest Southern rural populations - still have limited access to water and are forced to practise open defecation. Finally, we suggest to include standardized indicators that address safely managed drinking water and sanitation services in future surveys and studies to increase accuracy of national estimates.

scholarly journals Volume of collected wastewater in the Arab States in 2013 (in millions m3)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloé Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Network Coverage ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Arab Region ◽  
Improved Sanitation ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Arab States ◽  
Sanitation Systems

This layer shows the volume of collected wastewater in the Arab States, expressed in millions of cubic meters. Access to improved sanitation is largely prevalent in the Arab region, but connections to sewerage networks and wastewater treatment facilities remain more limited. Network coverage is generally provided in larger urban centers, while septic tanks and cesspits remain common in rural areas and in the region's least developed countries. Off-network sanitation systems, however, complicate te collection and treatment of wastewater and reduce the ability to sustainably manage wastewater as a resource in most areas. For more information, acces the 2017 UN World Water Development Report: http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/water/wwap/wwdr/2017-wastewater-the-untapped-resource/ Quality Sanitation Waste

scholarly journals The dawn of the information age in least developed countries (LDCs): lessons learned from four case studies

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
Robert M. Bichler
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Information Age ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Scientific Discussion ◽  
Micro Level

The emerging information age is characterised by the ubiquitous availability of information and communication technologies. While in highly developed countries, due to heavy investments in the telecommunication infrastructure, the public and scientific discussion more and more focuses on the so-called digital divide 2.0, i.e. the lack of ICT skills, for developing countries both, the access to and the use of ICTs still remain a huge challenge. The goal of my dissertation thesis is to highlight these challenges, as well as the opportunities that occur for Least Developed Countries (LDCs) on their way towards an information society. The study examines ICTs in four geographically and culturally diverse regions, including the countries Yemen, Guatemala, Malawi and Lao PDR, on the macro and on the micro level. The research on the macro level is guided by the central research question: Are ICTs in LDCs used to foster societal development or are they reinforcing imperialistic patterns of Western hegemony?On the micro level the project aims to investigate the users’ demographics, their habits of ICT use, as well as the barriers and opportunities for the citizens emerging from the upcoming information age. The findings from the macro and the micro level will be correlated on the basis of the five dimensions of society (ecological, political, cultural, economical and technological) to assess the state of the art and to formulate strategies to counter the current eColonialism tendencies and to foster a sustainable implementation of ICTs in LDCs.

scholarly journals Sustainable Development of African Countries: Minding Public Life, Education, and Welfare

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danyang Li ◽  
Guosheng He ◽  
Hui Jin ◽  
Fu-Sheng Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Life Education

Sustainable development (SD) has increasingly played a key background role in government policymaking across the world, especially for the least developed countries in Africa. Therefore, the purpose of our research is to study the SD of African countries in public life, education, and welfare, and then to help policy makers better monitor the status of sustainable development and formulate development policies in these aspects. We firstly propose a new method to assess the SD in public life, education, and welfare. Then we assess the SD status in 51 African countries as well as other countries in the world. After that, we also make a comparison between African countries and the countries in other continents.

scholarly journals Universal Particulars towards Maternal Health Circumstance

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Sushil Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Maternal Health ◽  
Maternal Death ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Affecting Factors ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Pregnancy And Delivery

Maternal health is a crucial health problem in developing countries, especially in low resource settings, rural and poor communities. The main aim of this paper is to critically evaluate and explore the situation of maternal health care in Nepal. After reviewing the literature, I found that there are several direct and indirect causes as well as affecting factors in regarding maternal death in developing and least developed countries. In developing countries, women have been facing different problems during pregnancy and delivery period. Knowledge of maternal health and assessable health facilities are most essential in rural areas to save mothers from preventable maternal death.

scholarly journals Public-Private Partnership: Toward More Effective International Development Cooperation

2019 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 533-555
Author(s):  
Jiang Lu ◽  
Wu Zetao
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
Development Cooperation ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Set Up ◽  
International Development Cooperation

In the 21st century, the traditional model of official development assistance (ODA) promoted by developed countries is faced with many challenges. One of them is the emergence of the “public-private partnership (PPP)” model for international development cooperation (IDC), which has become increasingly popular among developed countries and international organizations over the past decade. This article explores the origin, meaning, and mechanism of the PPP model, and discusses the major obstacles it encounters in practice. The article also compares PPP with China’s “development package” model, and puts forward some policy recommendations on China’s participation in IDC. Although China is a pioneer in carrying out public-private cooperation in international development, it needs to fully reflect on its experience, so as to formulate clearer guiding principles and management rules on public-private cooperation. It is also imperative for the country to set up relevant institutions and mechanisms to promote PPP practices.

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