EVELINE MABEL BURNS: THE NEGLECTED CONTRIBUTIONS OF A SOCIAL SECURITY PIONEER

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-337
Author(s):  
SHERRY DAVIS KASPER
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Security ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Years ◽  
London School ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
World Class ◽  
London School Of Economics ◽  
World Class Universities

From the 1920s to the 1980s, Dr. Eveline Mabel Burns made significant contributions to the discipline of economics. During her career, she taught at world-class universities, including the London School of Economics and Columbia University. She published in the fields of labor economics, general economic theory, economic forecasting, methodology, and social security in leading economic journals. In the 1930s, she began her work in establishing the social security system in the United States. Yet, despite this multitude of accomplishments, the work of Eveline Mabel Burns is barely discernible in accounts of the evolution of twentieth-century economics. This essay remedies that neglect by explicating her career and economics. First, it describes her early years as an economist as she determined the ultimate course of her professional career. Second, it outlines the hybrid institutional method of analysis she used. Third, it describes how she made use of this methodology in her work on social security. Finally, it concludes with an interpretation of her neglect in twentieth-century economics that highlights her gender and her use of institutional methods of analysis.

University of East Africa Conferences on Public Policy: II. East African Federation

1964 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-122
Author(s):  
Ronald Watts
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
The United States ◽  
London School ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
Public Issues ◽  
Southern Rhodesia ◽  
London School Of Economics ◽  
The University

This was the second in a series of three conferences on public policy, organised by the University of East Africa and financed by the Ford Foundation, whose aim is to bring together policy-makers and academics for discussions on major public issues.In attendance were delegations, of at least a dozen each, from Uganda, Kenya, and Tanganyika, consisting mainly of Cabinet Ministers, parliamentary secretaries, other M.P.s, and civil servants, as well as representatives of public corporations, political parties, and trade unions. Small delegations from Ethiopia, Northern Rhodesia, Nyasaland, Southern Rhodesia, and Zanzibar were also invited. A group of 10 ‘visiting specialists’ from overseas with experience of federal systems and problems elsewhere were invited to take part. Among these were six economists: Ursula Hicks and Arthur Hazlewood from Oxford, Pitamber Pant of the Indian Planning Commission, Vladimir Kollontai from Moscow, Jan Auerhan from Prague, and Benton Massell (who was unable to attend but contributed a paper) from the United States. The others were a lawyer, S. A. de Smith from the London School of Economics, and three political scientists, Arthur MacMahon of Columbia University, A. H. Birch from Hull University, and myself. A group of a dozen ‘local specialists’ drawn mainly from E.A.C.S.O. and from the economists, lawyers, and political scientists at the University Colleges in East Africa also presented papers and played a significant role in the discussions. The total number of participants, including 22 observers, amounted to over 90.

scholarly journals Contribution to the knowledge of early geotechnics during the twentieth century: Ralph Peck

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
Antonio Lara-Galera ◽  
Rubén Galindo-Aires ◽  
Gonzalo Guillán-Llorente
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Soil Mechanics ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute ◽  
The United States ◽  
Professional Advice ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Structural Engineer ◽  
Important People

Abstract. Ralph B. Peck (1912–2008), graduate and doctor of philosophy in civil engineering (1934 and 1937 respectively) from the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, was one of the major contributors to the development of geotechnics in the twentieth century. Born in Winnipeg (Manitoba) as an American national, he was influenced from childhood by the world of civil engineering through his father, Orwin K. Peck, who was a civil engineer, mainly as a structural engineer in the railway sector. In the absence of job offers as a structural engineer, Ralph Peck arrived at Harvard University in 1938 to attend the soil mechanics courses taught by Arthur Casagrande, which guided Peck's professional career towards geotechnics. In addition to Casagrande, Peck had the opportunity to meet and work with other very important people related to geotechnics: Albert E. Cummings, Laurits Bjerrum, Alec W. Skempton and especially Karl Terzaghi, with whom he established a great friendship, in addition to providing support, professional advice and performing important work, such as the Chicago Subway Works. Peck actively dedicated himself to consulting work, which led him to visit 44 states within the United States and 28 countries on five continents. In addition, he also participated in research work where he was asked and was a committed lecturer at the University of Illinois, where he was a professor for 32 years. The objective of this paper is to analyse, through Peck's biography, his contribution to the field of geotechnics based on his research, teaching and consultancy work, and through the influence of Peck on other important people in the field, such as Karl Terzaghi.

The Scientisation of Economics

2021 ◽  
pp. 333-368
Author(s):  
Keith Tribe
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Austrian Economics ◽  
London School ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Undergraduate Level ◽  
Economic Method ◽  
Teaching Of Economics ◽  
International Teaching ◽  
London School Of Economics

Lionel Robbins was appointed head of the Department of Economics at the London School of Economics (LSE) in 1929 following the sudden death of Allyn Young, the incumbent professor. Young had not made any significant alteration to the teaching at LSE, but from the very first Robbins set about reorganising the profile of economics teaching. The framework within which he did this was one of a ‘science’ based upon ‘economic principles’, and in 1932 his Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science provided the methodological template for his project. This work appears to owe a great deal to Austrian economics, but it can be demonstrated that this was indirect, chiefly through the work of Wicksteed and Wicksell, hence reflecting economics where it had stood in the 1880s. Nonetheless, Robbins was successful in repackaging this work, and his Essay stimulated the development of discussions of economic method. In addition, Robbins’s lectures provided the template for the textbook literature of the 1950s, cementing the influence of the LSE on the training of young economists. However, this training remained at the undergraduate level for the most part due to the lack of labour market demand for economists in Britain; in the United States, by contrast, graduate teaching became the motor through which American economics came to dominate the international teaching of economics.

The Radicalization of the Social Gospel: Harry F. Ward and the Search for a New Social Order, 1898–1936

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doug Rossinow
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War I ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Social Gospel ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Social Order

AbstractA vigorous Protestant left existed throughout the first half of the twentieth-century in the United States. That Protestant left was the left wing of the social gospel movement, which many historians restrict to the pre-1920 period and whose radical content is often underestimated. This article examines the career of one representative figure from this Protestant left, the Reverend Harry F. Ward, as a means of describing the evolving nature and limits of social gospel radicalism during the first four decades of the twentieth century. Ward, the main author of the 1908 Social Creed of the Churches, a longtime professor at Union Theological Seminary (UTS) in New York, and a dogged activist on behalf of labor and political prisoners through his leadership of the Methodist Federation for Social Service, sought a new social order from the early years of the century through the Great Depression of the 1930s. This new order would be the Kingdom of God on earth, and, in Ward's view, it would transcend the competitive and exploitative capitalism that dominated American society in his time. Before World War I, Ward worked to bring together labor activists and church people, and, after the war, he shifted his work toward less expressly religious efforts, while continuing to mentor clerical protégés through his teaching. Ward's leftward trajectory and ever-stronger Communist associations would eventually bring about his political downfall, but, in the mid- 1930s, he remained a respected figure, if one more radical than most, among American Protestant clergy. Organic links tied him and his politics to the broader terrain of social gospel reform, despite the politically driven historical amnesia that later would all but erase Ward from historical memory.

Governing Nature, Nurturing Government: Resource Management and the Development of the American State, 1900–1912

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce J. Schulman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Resource Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Forest Service ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Bureau Of Reclamation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Gifford Pinchot

In the early years of the twentieth century, the United States created modern resource management—a collection of administrative bureaucracies that reversed long-standing policies of distributing lands into private hands and instead managed the public domain from Washington. The creation of these powerful, independent agencies underlay a broader effort to reorganize and enlarge the national government. The very same administrators who built the new conservation bureaucracies—Gifford Pinchot of the Forest Service, James R. Garfield of the Department of Interior, and Frederick Newell of the Bureau of Reclamation—also led President Theodore Roosevelt's drive for reorganization of the executive branch.

scholarly journals Political aspects of planning the Basque coastal megalopolis

2003 ◽  
Vol 70 (420/421) ◽  
pp. 183-195
Author(s):  
Lawrence D. Mann
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Professor Emeritus ◽  
London School ◽  
American Institute ◽  
Professional Literature ◽  
Rutgers University ◽  
Review Editor ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
London School Of Economics

The author is Professor Emeritus of Planning and of Geography & Regional Development as well as of Public Policy and Administration, University of Arizona and formerly Chair of the Planning Program. Previously, he was professor and chairman in these fields at Harvard University and Rutgers University. He has been Visiting Professor at five Latin American universities, in a faculty career that dates back to 1961. Since 1999 he has spent several months each year conducting research on Basque planning, from a base in Biarritz, France. His editorial experience includes ten years as Book Review Editor of the Journal of the American Institute of Planners, Journal of the American Planning Association and Compiling Editor of Ekistics. He has been active in professional planning practice, both in the United States and internationally and is former national Chairman of the American Institute of Certified Planners. He was elected Fellow of the American Institute of Certified Planners in 2001 and has been a member of the World Society for Ekistics since 1975. Mann is an extensively published scholar in Planning and related fields, including ten monographs, several times that many articles and chapters, and an even greater number of book reviews in the professional literature. He holds a doctorate in Planning (Harvard) and did postgraduate work at London School of Economics & Political Science. He is fluent in French and Spanish.

scholarly journals Geopolitical meridians of world-class universities

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 1012-1023
Author(s):  
Evgeny V. Balatsky ◽  
Natalya A. Ekimova
Keyword(s):  
Professional Associations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Market ◽  
International Exchange ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Economic Prerequisite ◽  
World Class ◽  
World Class Universities ◽  
Wide Dissemination

This article discusses results from two waves (2017, 2019) of world-class universities identification, thus allowing provision of a geopolitical snapshot of advanced universities global market. Results show that United Europe is becoming a leader, while Asia and the United States positions have worsened. Economic and cultural factors are based on different countries foundations of success in formation of global universities. The quality of the economic prerequisite involves the existence of global high-tech companies in the country; their number and strength determine the number and strength of world-class universities. The quality of the cultural prerequisite involves wide dissemination of the philosophy of cooperation, that is, intensive national and international exchange experience among universities through creation of numerous collaborations, for example, international leagues and unions, regional consortia and groups, and professional associations and alliances.

Africa and America

1961 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
George Shepperson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Free State ◽  
African Studies ◽  
London School ◽  
African History ◽  
The Third ◽  
Subsaharan Africa ◽  
Congo Free State

(These notes were offered as a contribution to discussion at the nineteenth and twentieth century sessions of the Third Conference on African History and Archaeology at the London School of Oriental and African Studies, 3 - 7 July, 1961. Two additions - references 3 and 12 - have been made to the original notes.)The historical position of the United States in Subsaharan Africa has until recently been one of detachment. There have been official moves, as when in 1833 an agreement was concluded with the Sultan of Zanzibar which, among other things, permitted American consuls to reside in his ports and judge disputes involving U. S. citizens; or the recognition of the Congo Free State in 1884. On the whole, however, the United States has left Africa to the European powers who took over the responsibility of governing her peoples.

What Is Africa to Me?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arna Bontemps
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Peace Movement ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Racial Consciousness ◽  
Nation Of Islam ◽  
South Side ◽  
Universal Negro Improvement Association ◽  
American Science

This chapter examines the rising tide of racial consciousness in Chicago during the early years of the twentieth century. It begins with a discussion of early efforts by Negroes to return to their ancestral homeland, some of them resorting to emigration outside the borders of the United States as a way out. In particular, it considers the influence of Marcus Garvey and his Universal Negro Improvement Association, which splintered into different organizations such as the Peace Movement of Ethiopia and the 49th State Movement in Chicago. The chapter also looks at Garvey's feud with Robert S. Abbott and his visit to the South Side in 1920 before concluding with an account of two organizations that strove to foster racial pride among Chicago Negroes: the Moorish American Science Temple and the Nation of Islam.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document