scholarly journals OF ALCOHOL, APES, AND TAXES: GÜNTER SCHMÖLDERS AND THE REINVENTION OF ECONOMICS IN BEHAVIORAL TERMS

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Rüdiger Graf
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Distinct Entity ◽  
Macroeconomic Models ◽  
Historical School ◽  
Lecture Notes ◽  
German Economist

The article examines an early and idiosyncratic version of behavioral economics or “empirical socio-economics,” which the German economist and taxation expert Günter Schmölders developed in the postwar decades. Relying on both his published papers and his lecture notes and correspondence, it scrutinizes Schmölders’s intellectual upbringing in the tradition of the Historical School of Economics (Historische Schule der Nationalökonomie) and his relation to the emerging ordoliberalism, demonstrating that the roads that led to dissatisfaction with the emerging neoclassical mainstream and the unrealistic behavioral assumptions of macroeconomic models were manifold. Accordingly, it shows that behavioral economics is compatible with various intellectual and political backgrounds and convictions. Yet, it still forms a distinct entity: comparing Schmölders with contemporary and later behavioral economists, I will show that they shared essential methodological assumptions as well as an understanding of human beings as decision-making organisms.

scholarly journals OF ALCOHOL, APES, AND TAXES: GÜNTER SCHMÖLDERS AND THE REINVENTION OF ECONOMICS IN BEHAVIORAL TERMS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rüdiger Graf
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
Economic Models ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Historical School ◽  
Lecture Notes ◽  
German Economist

The article examines an early and idiosyncratic version of behavioral economics or “empir-ical socio-economics,” which the German economist and taxation expert Günter Schmölders developed in the postwar decades. Relying on both his published papers and his lecture notes and correspondence, it scrutinizes Schmölders’ intellectual upbringing in the tradition of the Historical School of Economics (Historische Schule der Nationalökonomie) and his relation to the emerging ordoliberalism, demonstrating that the roads that led to dissatisfaction with the emerging neoclassical mainstream and the unrealistic behavioral assumptions of macro-economic models were manifold. Accordingly, it shows that behavioral economics is compati-ble with various intellectual and political backgrounds and convictions. Yet, it still forms a dis-tinct entity: Comparing Schmölders with contemporary and later behavioral economists, I will show that they shared essential methodological assumptions as well as an understanding of human beings as decision-making organisms.

scholarly journals Development of macroeconomic models based on behavioral economics: issues and further research

2021 ◽  
pp. 2-2
Author(s):  
М. Talavyrya ◽  
◽  
B. Dorosh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
Basic Concept ◽  
Behavioral Models ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Macroeconomic Models ◽  
The Past ◽  
Behavioral Macroeconomics ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Central Bankers

The article analyzes the formation, spread and development of behavioral economics in microeconomic research, as well as its development in macroeconomic research over the past two decades. The key shortcomings of neoclassical macroeconomic models and their critique based on existing research and practical application by central bankers are highlighted. The key stages in the formation of behavioral macroeconomics, elements of which began to appear in the works of neoclassical macroeconomists, have been identified. The main arguments in favor of replacing neoclassical macroeconomic models with new behavioral macroeconomic models are presented, as well as key issues of behavioral macroeconomics and prospects for its further adoption as a basic concept for decision-making for governments. Key studies of behavioral economists on behavioral macroeconomic models, most of which are agents-based (microfoundations-based), have been identified and systematized. Based on the results of testing various behavioral models by world-renowned scientists, as well as our analysis, it is proposed to focus further macroeconomic research on behavioral models based on the activities of agents (microfoundations).

scholarly journals Thirty Years of Human Rights Study in the Web of Science Database (1990–2020)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 2131
Author(s):  
Priscilla Paola Severo ◽  
Leonardo B. Furstenau ◽  
Michele Kremer Sott ◽  
Danielli Cossul ◽  
Mariluza Sott Bender ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
The Web

The study of human rights (HR) is vital in order to enhance the development of human beings, but this field of study still needs to be better depicted and understood because violations of its core principles still frequently occur worldwide. In this study, our goal was to perform a bibliometric performance and network analysis (BPNA) to investigate the strategic themes, thematic evolution structure, and trends of HR found in the Web of Science (WoS) database from 1990 to June 2020. To do this, we included 25,542 articles in the SciMAT software for bibliometric analysis. The strategic diagram produced shows 23 themes, 12 of which are motor themes, the most important of which are discussed in this article. The thematic evolution structure presented the 21 most relevant themes of the 2011–2020 period. Our findings show that HR research is directly related to health issues, such as mental health, HIV, and reproductive health. We believe that the presented results and HR panorama presented have the potential to be used as a basis on which researchers in future works may enhance their decision making related to this field of study.

scholarly journals Multiple-Criteria Decision-Making and Sensitivity Analysis for Selection of Materials for Knee Implant Femoral Component

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2084
Author(s):  
Raman Kumar ◽  
Rohit Dubey ◽  
Sehijpal Singh ◽  
Sunpreet Singh ◽  
Chander Prakash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Femoral Component ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Multiple Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Multiple Criteria ◽  
Biomedical Science ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Weighted Sum Method ◽  
Selection Of

Total knee replacement (TKR) is a remarkable achievement in biomedical science that enhances human life. However, human beings still suffer from knee-joint-related problems such as aseptic loosening caused by excessive wear between articular surfaces, stress-shielding of the bone by prosthesis, and soft tissue development in the interface of bone and implant due to inappropriate selection of TKR material. The choice of most suitable materials for the femoral component of TKR is a critical decision; therefore, in this research paper, a hybrid multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) tactic is applied using the degree of membership (DoM) technique with a varied system, using the weighted sum method (WSM), the weighted product method (WPM), the weighted aggregated sum product assessment method (WASPAS), an evaluation based on distance from average solution (EDAS), and a technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). The weights of importance are assigned to different criteria by the equal weights method (EWM). Furthermore, sensitivity analysis is conducted to check the solidity of the projected tactic. The weights of importance are varied using the entropy weights technique (EWT) and the standard deviation method (SDM). The projected hybrid MCDM methodology is simple, reliable and valuable for a conflicting decision-making environment.

scholarly journals The Behavioral Aspect of Economic Growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (523) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
T. M. Panevnyk ◽  
◽  
N. K. Bolgarova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Behavioral Factors ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Behavioral Aspect ◽  
Quality Of Life Index

The article discusses the essence and significance of behavioral economics. The need to take into account the instrumentarium of behavioral economy in the process of solving socio-economic problems is substantiated. The macroeconomic indicators of development of Ukrainian economy are analyzed. Ukraine’s place in the world ranking in terms of GDP per capita is considered. The integrated assessment of the overall economic activity of the country using the Global Competitiveness Index (IGC), the Human Development Index (HDI), and the index of Quality of Life Index by Country are carried out. International comparison of economic growth indicators is highlighted. The dynamics of total income, expenses, savings of the population are analyzed and the significant influence of behavioral factors on decision-making in this sphere is identified, their relationship at both micro and macro levels is disclosed. A significant influence of behavioral factors on decision-making on consumption, expenses and savings is identified, their importance in crisis situations is emphasized. It is proved that the behavioral aspect of economic growth involves not just the inclusion of psychological factors in the classical analytical models, but a combination of microeconomic components with macroeconomic ones. The need to expand the analysis of economic development based on taking into account the behavioral aspect as the driving force of economic development is substantiated. It is noted that the instruments of behavioral economics should be used in the process of developing and conducting socio-economic policy. It is defined that the behavioral economy is one of the instruments that strengthens the possibilities of effective decision-making by the actors together with their impact on socio-economic processes.

scholarly journals A Framework for Authentic Ethical Decision Making in the Face of Grand Challenges: A Lonerganian Gradation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Larres ◽  
Martin Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Business Ethics ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Codes Of Ethics ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Flourishing ◽  
Invariant Structure ◽  
Grand Challenges

AbstractThis paper contributes to the contemporary business ethics narrative by proposing an approach to corporate ethical decision making (EDM) which serves as an alternative to the imposition of codes and standards to address the ethical consequences of grand challenges, like COVID-19, which are impacting today’s society. Our alternative approach to EDM embraces the concept of reflexive thinking and ethical consciousness among the individual agents who collectively are the corporation and who make ethical decisions, often in isolation, removed from the collocated corporate setting. We draw on the teachings of the Canadian philosopher and theologian, Fr. Bernard Lonergan, to conceptualize an approach to EDM which focuses on the ethics of the corporate agent by nurturing the universal and invariant structure that is operational in all human beings. Embracing Lonergan’s dynamic cognitive structure of human knowing, and the structure of the human good, we advance a paradigm of EDM in business which emboldens authentic ethical thought, decision making, and action commensurate with virtuous living and germane to human flourishing. Lonergan’s philosophy guides us away from the imposition of over-arching corporate codes of ethics and inspires us, as individual agents, to attend to the data of our own consciousness in our ethical decision making. Such cognitional endowment leads us out of the ethics of the ‘timeless present’ (Islam and Greenwood in Journal of Business Ethics 170: 1–4, 2021) towards ethical authenticity in business, leaving us better placed to reflect upon and address the ethical issues emanating from grand challenges like COVID-19.

El Protagonismo Dialéctico-Social del Ser Humano en el Desarrollo Intelectual de Rodolfo Mondolfo

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 125-144
Author(s):  
Jesús Víctor Alfredo Contreras Ugarte
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Academic Work ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
The One ◽  
Descriptive Method

Summary: Reflecting on the role humans take into nowadays society, should be of interest in all our social reflections, even for those that refer to the field of law. Any human indifferent and unconscious of the social role that he ought to play within society, as a member of it, is an irresponsible human detached from everything that surrounds him, regarding matters and other humans. Trying to isolate in an irresponsible, passive and comfortable attitude, means, after all, denying oneself, denying our nature, as the social being every human is. This is the reflection that this academic work entitles, the one made from the point of view of the Italian philosopher Rodolfo Mondolfo. From a descriptive development, starting from this renowned author, I will develop ideas that will warn the importance that human protagonism have, in this human product so call society. From a descriptive development, from this well-known author, I will be prescribing ideas that will warn the importance of the protagonism that all human beings have, in that human product that we call society. I have used the descriptive method to approach the positions of the Italian humanist philosopher and, for my assessments, I have used the prescriptive method from an eminently critical and deductive procedural position. My goal is to demonstrate, from the humanist postulates of Rodolfo Mondolfo, the hypothesis about the leading, decision-making and determining role that the human being has within society. I understand, to have reached the demonstration of the aforementioned hypothesis, because, after the analyzed, there is no doubt, that the human being is not one more existence in the development of societies; its role is decisive in determining the human present and the future that will house the next societies and generations of our historical future.

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