Ottoman Muslim and Turkish women in an international context

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
NICOLE A. N. M. VAN OS
Keyword(s):  
Women's Movements ◽  
Turkish Women ◽  
Feminist Activism ◽  
International Context ◽  
Turkish Government ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The One ◽  
Late Ottoman Empire ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
Late Ottoman

Women's movements in the late Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Turkey are explored in an international context. The international contacts of individual and organized women in both the first and the second waves of ‘feminist’ activism are considered. It is necessary to determine the influence, on the one hand, of Turkish women on the international scene of the women's movement and, on the other hand, the influence of the international organizations on Turkish policies vis-à-vis women. In this way a little light can be shed on the indirect ways Turkish women, through international networks, were and are able to exert influence on the changing policies of the Turkish government regarding the position of women in their society.

A “YOUNG TURK” ISLAMIC INTELLECTUAL: FILIBELI AHMED HILMI AND THE DIVERSE INTELLECTUAL LEGACIES OF THE LATE OTTOMAN EMPIRE

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Bein
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Religious Revival ◽  
Islamic Movements ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Modern Turkey ◽  
Political Works ◽  
The One ◽  
Late Ottoman Empire ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
Late Ottoman

Among the late Ottoman thinkers and writers who laid the foundations of intellectual life in modern Turkey, Filibeli Ahmed Hilmi (1865–1914) is a prominent figure. His intellectual legacy survived the destruction of the Ottoman Empire and the founding of the Republic of Turkey. Virtually all his books have been republished in recent years in simplified modern Turkish versions accessible to present-day readers, and some have also been the subject of academic studies. His oeuvre includes dozens of historical, philosophical, theological, and political works, as well as novels, poems, satirical pieces, and plays. All were produced in a six-year period, between the Young Turk Revolution of 1908 and his death by poisoning in 1914. The overtly modernist underpinnings of his works on the one hand, and his Sufi piety and firm rejection of materialism and positivism on the other, have earned him recognition as an early exponent of a modernist, nonliteralist Islamic agenda of a kind that has been conspicuous in a variety of Turkish-Islamic movements in recent decades. His untimely death, later attributed to a Freemason–Zionist conspiracy, added further to his mystique in some Islamic circles. Modernist yet deeply devout, Islamist yet uninterested in scripturalist paths of religious revival, Ahmed Hilmi stands out as a representative of an important intellectual trend that has often been overlooked in studies of the late Ottoman period.

Education and Change in the Late Ottoman Empire and Turkey

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-62
Author(s):  
Benjamin C. Fortna
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Late Ottoman Empire ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
Late Ottoman

This article addresses the interrelated changes taking place in education during the transition from the Ottoman Empire to the Republic of Turkey in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In particular, it focuses on the ways in which schools altered their approach to space, time, and economic priorities in order to align themselves with the shifting conditions of the period. It proceeds by examining a series of tensions between the desiderata of state and society, the collective and the individual, the secular and the religious, the national and the supranational, before assessing the diverse range of responses they elicited.

Medieval Turkey

2020 ◽  
pp. 148-172
Author(s):  
Scott Redford
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Late Ottoman Empire ◽  
Islamic Archaeology ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
Late Ottoman ◽  
Historical Periods

In this chapter, Islamic archaeology of the medieval (11th–14th centuries) period in Turkey is related to international as well as national developments in the late Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Turkey in areas like cultural policy, economic development, and tourism. These and other factors directly impacted the choice of sites to be excavated, thereby affecting the archaeological record. The author also examines Islamic archaeology in Turkey in relation to that of other historical periods there and raises cases in which the archaeology of this period can address the cultural and economic shift that accompanied the establishment of Turco-Islamic states in former Byzantine lands.

scholarly journals Book Review: Ryan Gingeras, Eternal Dawn: Turkey in the Age of Atatürk, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019.

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-84
Author(s):  
Evren Altinkas
Keyword(s):  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
The People ◽  
Turkish Nationalism ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Late Ottoman Empire ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
Late Ottoman

This book analyses the transformation from the late Ottoman period to the modern Republic of Turkey with a focus on Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and the reforms implemented during the early years of the republic. The book familiarizes the readers with the political, social and economic transformation of the country by focusing on specific cases and examples with a comprehensive historical background. Gingeras focuses on the historical background of major topics (e.g. Reforms, Kurdish Revolts, Turkish Nationalism etc.) in the early Republic of Turkey and connects them with the developments in the late Ottoman Empire. This book is different from previous works because it emphasizes the relations between the new state and the people in Anatolia.

scholarly journals Fatma Aliye Hanım: Gender Debates in Turkey

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 693-716
Author(s):  
Zeynep Direk
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Early Republic ◽  
Public Intellectual ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Impact ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Ottoman Empire ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
Late Ottoman

Abstract This essay explores the late nineteenth and early twentieth Century gender debates in the late Ottoman Empire, and the early Republic of Turkey with a focus on Fatma Aliye’s presence in the public space, as the first Ottoman woman philosopher, novelist, and public intellectual. I choose to concentrate on her because of the important stakes of the gender debates of that period, and the ways in which they are echoed in the present can be effectively discussed by reflecting on the ways in which Fatma Aliye is read, presented, and received. In the first part of this paper, I talk about Fatma Aliye’s life and experience of her gender as a woman, and point to her key interests as a writer and philosopher. In the second part, I situate her in the political history of feminism during the Rearrangement Period (Tanzimat), the Second Constitutional Era (II. Meşrutiyet), and the institution of the modern Republic of Turkey. Lastly, in the third part, I discuss the diverse ways in which she is interpreted in contemporary Turkey. I explore the political impact of the reception of Fatma Aliye as an intellectual figure on the current gender debates in Turkey.

“As Brave as Armenak Efendi”

2021 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-428
Author(s):  
Yaşar Tolga Cora
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Great War ◽  
The Public ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Late Ottoman Empire ◽  
Individual Self ◽  
The Great War ◽  
Late Ottoman

This article examines the different ways in which masculinity and ethnicity were mu- tually constructed during the Great War and the Armenian Genocide by analyzing the memoirs of Armenak Melikyan, an Armenian cavalry officer in the Ottoman Army. It discusses why Melikyan emphasized in his memoirs certain values, such as dutiful- ness, resourcefulness, and hard work, which were all firmly associated with the he- gemonic masculine model of citizen-soldiers in the late Ottoman Empire. The article further examines the emphasis Melikyan laid on the public recognition he received for his qualities as an officer from Muslim/Turkish superiors, thus reflecting both ethnic and gendered hierarchies in the army. The article argues that many Armenian soldiers in the Ottoman army performed according to hegemonic masculine models in order to defend their precarious masculinity against physical and psychological challenges. This allowed them to remasculinize themselves in the context of the Great War and the Genocide. The article contributes to the study of military memoirs in the late Ottoman Empire by underlining the relation between social and cultural norms and expecta- tions on the one hand and the individual self-perception of military experiences on the other, in the context of the war and ethnic violence.

The End of the Ottoman Empire and the Emergence of Nation-States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick F. Anscombe
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
Political Ideas ◽  
Nation States ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Republican Government ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Late Ottoman Empire ◽  
Republic Of Turkey

This chapter discusses the end of the Ottoman Empire, looking at three case studies which illustrate the pattern of change seen in the transition from the Ottoman Empire to nation-states. Greece, the first Ottoman territory to gain independence (1830), set precedents in establishing government by non-natives, introducing religious and legal institutions based on European models and working single-mindedly to instill national identity in its population. Almost a century later, King Faysal I (r. 1921–1933) of Iraq followed a similar path, albeit under British direction. The Republic of Turkey was founded in 1922 and offered a slight variation on the pattern in that it built on selected legacies from the late Ottoman Empire. It was the only post-Ottoman country founded primarily by internal effort rather than by European intervention, and the national identity it worked to entrench in the population drew upon the political ideas of the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), which had dominated Ottoman government from 1908 to 1918. Despite that continuity, the republican government pursued the agenda of tearing down Ottoman institutions and rebuilding state and society as national projects. Such nation-building ultimately succeeded, producing its own instabilities; in new post-Ottoman countries such as Greece, Iraq, and Turkey, social and political re-engineering aroused resistance within the population.

scholarly journals Halide Edib Adivar (1982-1964) as a National Symbol of the Republic of Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Dmitry A. Savin
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Turkish Women ◽  
Republican Period ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
Republic Of Turkey

The article is dedicated to Halide Edip - outstanding novelist, scientist, public figure. The events of her personal life and political processes that took place in the last years of the Ottoman Empire and in the Republican period are reflected in her articles, memoirs, novels and scientific works. She raised topical issues such as the social status of Turkish women, their education and participation in political life, aspects of nationalist ideas, the correlation of tradi-tions and innovations in public life and the role of religion.

scholarly journals Turksih schools around the world :

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
Tserennadmid Chuluunbaatar
Keyword(s):  
Terrorist Group ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Turkish Government ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
Central Asian Republics

As part of a wide-ranging clampdown in the aftermath of the failed July coup, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s administration has urged countries in Eurasia to shut down schools associated with Fethullah Gülen, Islamic Cleric. Following this, Gülen`s supporters in Turkey have been arrested, fired from their state jobs. The Turkish government has also classified Gülen’s organization as a terrorist group. This article attempts to explore the origins of the Turkish schools supported by the Gulenist movement that was established in early 1970s in Turkey, its expansion in the country and other countries, in central Asian republics and Mongolia. It also aims to provide summarized information to the reader about the establishment and activities of Turkish schools in Mongolia, and to highlight the recent development and potential impact of communications and bilateral relations between the Republic of Turkey and Mongolia on this matter. Турк сургуулиуд: Төв Азийн орнууд ба Монголын жишээ Хураангуй: 2016 оны 7 дугаар сард гарсан төрийн эрх мэдлийг цэргийн хүчээр авах оролдлого нуран унасны дараагаар БНТУ-ын ерөнхийлөгч Р.Т.Эрдоан Евроазийн бүс нутгийн улс орны удирдагч нарт хандан шашны номлогч Ф.Гюлений байгуулсан сургуулиудыг яаралтай хаахыг уриалж эхэлжээ. Энэ үйл явдлын дараагаар Туркийн засгийн газар Гюлений үзэл санааг дэмжигч, тус улсад ажиллаж, амьдарч буй иргэд, төрийн албан хаагчид, их дээд сургуулийн багш нарыг баривчлах, цагдан хорих, албан тушаалаас нь халах зэрэг арга хэмжээ авлаа. Ф.Гюлений ФЕТО байгууллагыг террорист байгууллага хэмээн БНТУ засгийн газар албан ёсоор зарлав. Энэхүү өгүүлэлд 1970-аад оны эхэн үеэс үүсгэн байгуулагдаж, зөвхөн Турк улс төдийгүй дэлхийн олон улс оронд салбараа нээн, үйл ажиллагаагаа тэлэн, хөгжиж эхэлсэн Гюлений гэх тодотголтой боловсролын байгуулагууд Төв Азийн орнууд болон Монгол улсад хэрхэн үүсч, хөгжсөн талаар товч дурдаж, эдгээр сургуулийн асуудал, Монгол, Турк хоёр орны харилцаанд үзүүлж буй нөлөө, цаашдын хандлага, шийдлийн талаар цэгцтэй мэдээлэл өгөхийг зорьлоо. Түлхүүр үгс: Турк сургуулиуд, “Хизмет” хөдөлгөөн, төрийн эргэлт, зөөлөн хүч.

The 1914 Generation Artists

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Shaw
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
World War I ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
French Language ◽  
World War ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Military ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
Late Ottoman

The artists historiographically grouped as the 1914 Generation transformed the Westernizing artistic impulse of the late Ottoman era into the modernizing impulse of the Republic of Turkey, founded in 1923. Stylistically, the 1914 Generation distinguishes itself from earlier generations through its interest in naturalism, and from later generations through its disinterest in aesthetic modernism. More than functioning as a cohesive movement, the 1914 Generation came to prominence as a result of the onset of World War I. The artists most often included within this categorization include: Nazmi Ziya Güran (1881–1937), Mehmet Ruhi Arel (1880–1931), İbrahim Çallı (1882–1960), Hikmet Onat (1882–1977), Feyhaman Duran (1886–1970), Hüseyin Avni Lifij (1886–1927), and Namık İsmail (1890–1935). Although often excluded because of their lack of affiliation with the Istanbul Academy of Fine Arts, artists who may be considered in conjunction with this category by virtue of their participation in the pivotal transition from Ottoman to Turkish national identity also include Şevket (Dağ; 1876–1948), a teacher at the French-language Galatasaray Lycée, the military-trained artists Mehmet Sami Yetik (1878–1935), Mehmet Ali Laga (1878–1947) and Ali Sami Boyar (1880–1967), as well as the female artist Mihri Rasim/Müşfik (1886–1954).

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