scholarly journals Experimental Methods in Agricultural and Resource Economics: How Useful are They?

1993 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Fisher ◽  
William J. Wheeler ◽  
Rami Zwick

Experimental economics has the potential to fill some of the gaps in the economist's tool kit. This article describes experimental economics, its advantages and disadvantages, and why this tool might be a good choice in some situations. The article summarizes the history of its use by agricultural and resource economists. An illustrative example compares laboratory experiment data with survey data.

2007 ◽  
pp. 55-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Schliesser

The article examines in detail the argument of M. Friedman as expressed in his famous article "Methodology of Positive Economics". In considering the problem of interconnection of theoretical hypotheses with experimental evidence the author illustrates his thesis using the history of the Galilean law of free fall and its role in the development of theoretical physics. He also draws upon methodological ideas of the founder of experimental economics and Nobel prize winner V. Smith.


2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 5426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiren J. Patel ◽  
Vaishnavi P. Parikh

The pharmaceutical industry has faced several marked challenges in order to bring new chemical entities (NCEs) into the market over the past few decades. Various novel drug delivery approaches have been used as a part of life cycle management from which Osmotic drug delivery systems look the most promising one. After discussing the history of osmotic pump development, this article looks at the principles, advantages and disadvantages of osmotic drug delivery systems. Then, the basic components of osmotic pump and factors affecting the design of oral osmotic drug delivery systems are discussed in detail. In the later part of the manuscript, various types of osmotic pumps available in the market and evaluation methods for osmotic drug delivery systems are discussed in detail.


Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1135
Author(s):  
Bhubanananda Sahu ◽  
Isha Chug ◽  
Hemant Khanna

The eye is at the forefront of developing therapies for genetic diseases. With the FDA approval of the first gene-therapy drug for a form of congenital blindness, numerous studies have been initiated to develop gene therapies for other forms of eye diseases. These examinations have revealed new information about the benefits as well as restrictions to using drug-delivery routes to the different parts of the eye. In this article, we will discuss a brief history of gene therapy and its importance to the eye and ocular delivery landscape that is currently being investigated, and provide insights into their advantages and disadvantages. Efficient delivery routes and vehicle are crucial for an effective, safe, and longer-lasting therapy.


2021 ◽  
pp. 227853372110083
Author(s):  
Smita Mukherjee ◽  
Zubin R. Mulla

We examine the cost of leaders changing between empowering and directive leadership styles on team outcomes. In a laboratory experiment, we collected data from 240 participants in 80 teams. Confederates enacted different leadership styles and led teams of participants in performing a series of tasks. When leaders changed their style from directive to empowering, teams took time to respond in terms of higher satisfaction with leader and affective commitment. However, when leaders changed their style from empowering to directive, the deterioration of satisfaction with leader and reduction in affective commitment were immediate. Moreover, teams of leaders who had been consistently directive showed higher affective commitment as compared to teams of leaders who had a history of being empowering but later shifted to being directive. First time managers can get inputs on how they should enact their leadership style and be aware that switching between styles may impose long-term costs on the team’s affective commitment and satisfaction with the leader.


1976 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 611-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Kimmel

Survey data on the personal career history and the history of the academic department with which they were affiliated are summarized for 33 women psychologist respondents. The results showed that women have played a role in the development of psychology in the South as program pioneers and leaders, as scientists, and, most notably, as mentors for other women.


Author(s):  
Yongxin Zhao ◽  
Zheng Kuang ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Lei Li ◽  
Xiaozeng Yang

Abstract Last two decades, the studies on microRNAs (miRNAs) and the numbers of annotated miRNAs in plants and animals have surged. Herein, we reviewed the current progress and challenges of miRNA annotation in plants. Via the comparison of plant and animal miRNAs, we pinpointed out the difficulties on plant miRNA annotation and proposed potential solutions. In terms of recalling the history of methods and criteria in plant miRNA annotation, we detailed how the major progresses made and evolved. By collecting and categorizing bioinformatics tools for plant miRNA annotation, we surveyed their advantages and disadvantages, especially for ones with the principle of mimicking the miRNA biogenesis pathway by parsing deeply sequenced small RNA (sRNA) libraries. In addition, we summarized all available databases hosting plant miRNAs, and posted the potential optimization solutions such as how to increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in these databases. Finally, we discussed the challenges and perspectives of plant miRNA annotations, and indicated the possibilities offered by an all-in-one tool and platform according to the integration of artificial intelligence.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-354
Author(s):  
Dmitriy M. Il’in ◽  
Vladimir A. Makeev

The introduction of robotic-assisted surgery into clinical practice has opened up new possibilities for the surgical treatment of urological patients. Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) is one of the most commonly performed robot-assisted surgery. The review is devoted to the main surgical approaches for RARP. An analysis of publications on this topic was carried out using the search engines of the scientific databases PubMed, Medscape, Google Scholar, eLibrary when writing the article The article presents an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of the existing four access options for RARP: anterior, perineal, lateral and posterior, as well as oncological and functional outcomes of operations. It has been shown that a surgeon with different approaches can choose the most suitable one for a given clinical situation, focusing on the stage of the disease, the patients age, anatomical features of the prostate gland, the state of the patients erectile function, and the history of operations on the abdominal cavity and pelvic organs.


2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
Damaji Ratmono

Preservation of library materials or library collections is an effort made so that library materials can be used by future generations. This paper describes the "Malaysian" binding method used by the Sub Division of Technical Binding Materials of the National Library of Indonesia in preserving the collection of periodicals such as tabloids and newspapers. Apart from that, this paper also describes some of the advantages and disadvantages seen in the use of the "Malaysian" method as well as the early history of using this method in preserving the collection of periodicals in the National Library of Indonesia. This writing aims to make readers, especially library managers, know and gain insight into the "Malaysian" binding method. This writing method is through descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Methods of data collection are carried out through the field research, interviews, and literature study. The results show that the National Library of Indonesia uses this method after studying it from Malaysia in May 1990. From observations it is also known that this method has several advantages, namely the binding result is stronger, the collection is more preserved, the binding can be assembled and has an aesthetic side. Meanwhile, the disadvantages of this binding method are that the process tends to be longer, more expensive, cannot be put on too many shelves because the collection will shift backwards, the pages tend to come off easily if the stitches are not strong enough, and can only be used in binding periodical collections.


ILR Review ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 566-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Thomas Delaney ◽  
Donna Sockell

The authors use union contract and laboratory experiment data to assess whether the distinction between mandatory and permissive bargaining subjects affects collective bargaining outcomes. In general, the findings suggest that the distinction has an impact. The contract analysis suggests that bargaining differs across contracts that include permissive items and contracts that exclude permissive items. Further, an analysis of the potential impact of the distinction in a controlled setting indicates that unions negotiate less favorable nonwage bargaining outcomes when an issue's legal status is permissive or unknown than when it is mandatory.


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