scholarly journals Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the General Population After Mass Terrorist Incidents: Considerations About the Nature of Exposure

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro Galea ◽  
Heidi Resnick
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
General Population ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Future Research ◽  
September 11Th ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Us ◽  
Using Data

ABSTRACTEpidemiologically, disasters represent multiple forms of possible exposures, including exposure type (eg, natural versus human-made), intensity, and duration. It has been suggested that the consequences of human-made disasters (eg, terrorist incidents) may be more severe than those of natural disasters; recent evidence suggests that there may be a high prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among both direct survivors of such attacks and in the general population. Several studies after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks found that the prevalence of PTSD was higher in New York City than it was in the rest of the US and that there was a substantial burden of PTSD among persons who were not directly affected by the attacks. This raises important questions about the meaning of “exposure” to a disaster. Using data from an assessment of PTSD in the first 6 months after September 11th we considered the nature of the PTSD experienced by persons who were not directly affected by the September 11th attacks. These data suggest that persons in the general population may have clinically important posttraumatic stress symptomatology after a mass terrorist incident. Future research should consider mechanisms through which persons in the general population may be at risk for PTSD after such incidents.

scholarly journals Research on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review of Methods and Implications in General Population Samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 247054702110513
Author(s):  
Mathilde M. Husky ◽  
Robert H. Pietrzak ◽  
Brian P. Marx ◽  
Carolyn M. Mazure
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
General Population ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional

Increasing concern about the mental health sequelae to the COVID-19 pandemic has prompted a surge in research and publications on the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder in general population samples in relation to the pandemic. We examined how posttraumatic stress disorder in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic has been studied to date and found three general themes: (1) assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms relied on self-report measures and often did not determine direct trauma exposure as required by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition Criterion A to diagnose posttraumatic stress disorder; (2) inadequate assessment of pre-existing mental disorders and co-occurring stress; and (3) the use of cross-sectional designs in most studies, often relying on snowball sampling strategies to conduct online surveys. Notwithstanding these methodological limitations, these studies have reported moderate to severe posttraumatic symptoms in 25.8% of the general population on average in relation to the pandemic (ranging from 4.6% to 55.3%). Opportunities for advancing future research that will inform public health planning are discussed.

Factors Associated With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptomology Among Women Who Have Experienced Sexual Assault in Canada

2019 ◽  
pp. 088626051986008
Author(s):  
Janice Du Mont ◽  
Holly Johnson ◽  
Cassandra Hill
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Sexual Victimization ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Sexually Assaulted

There is a dearth of information about the association of victim-related and assailant-related characteristics and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among sexually assaulted women. Recently, Statistics Canada included items measuring the possible presence of PTSD symptoms in their 2014 nationally representative General Social Survey on Victimization (GSS-V), for the purpose of improving the understanding of mental health impacts associated with sexual victimization. The present study used the GSS-V to examine the association of sociodemographic, health, and assailant characteristics and prior traumatic experiences in the form of physical or sexual dating violence, physical assault, stalking, childhood abuse, and witnessing of violence between parents with PTSD symptomology among sexually assaulted women. Among 319 women who reported experiencing at least one incident of sexual assault in the 12 months prior to the survey, 68.6% had experienced at least one negative emotional impact as a result, among whom, 43.6% reported past-month PTSD symptoms. Logistic regression modeling revealed that prior traumatic events in the form of physical or sexual dating violence, stalking, and having witnessed violence between parents were associated with higher odds of experiencing PTSD symptoms, as was having been sexually assaulted by a known assailant. In contrast, the odds of experiencing PTSD symptoms was lower for Aboriginal or visible minority women. The results suggest that PTSD symptoms in the near aftermath of sexual victimization are common, and there are a range of factors that contribute to the likelihood of developing these symptoms. Implications for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Biomarkers in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Overview and Implications for Future Research

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 43-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Schmidt ◽  
Sebastian F. Kaltwasser ◽  
Carsten T. Wotjak
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Current State ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
State Of Research

PTSD can develop in the aftermath of traumatic incidents like combat, sexual abuse, or life threatening accidents. Unfortunately, there are still no biomarkers for this debilitating anxiety disorder in clinical use. Anyhow, there are numerous studies describing potential PTSD biomarkers, some of which might progress to the point of practical use in the future. Here, we outline and comment on some of the most prominent findings on potential imaging, psychological, endocrine, and molecular PTSD biomarkers and classify them into risk, disease, and therapy markers. Since for most of these potential PTSD markers a causal role in PTSD has been demonstrated or at least postulated, this review also gives an overview on the current state of research on PTSD pathobiology.

scholarly journals Comparison of latent typologies of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression symptoms across military personnel from India and the US

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 102195
Author(s):  
Ateka A. Contractor ◽  
Nicole H. Weiss ◽  
Melissa R. Schick ◽  
Prathiba Natesan Batley ◽  
Shannon R. Forkus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
The Us

Association between posttraumatic stress and acceptance of social changes: Findings from a general population study and proposal of a new concept

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evaldas Kazlauskas ◽  
Paulina Zelviene
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
General Population ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
General Population Study ◽  
The Impact

Background: There is a growing understanding of the importance of the social factors of posttraumatic stress disorder. Aims: This study expands research on association between posttraumatic stress and social factors by introducing the measure of the acceptance of social changes and evaluating possible links between posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and acceptance of social changes. Methods: A general population sample ( n = 778) aged from 18 to 89 years ( M = 40.2) from Lithuania participated in our study, of whom 68% reported exposure to traumatic events. Posttraumatic stress reactions were measured with the Impact of Event Scale – Revised (IES-R), and acceptance of social changes was measured with the Acceptance of Social Changes Instrument (SOCHI) developed by the authors of this study. Results: About 8% of the participants had a potential posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis. Acceptance of social changes was negatively associated with posttraumatic stress. PTSD was related to lower acceptance of social changes ( d = .61). Structural equation model (SEM) revealed the mediating role of PTSD for acceptance of social changes following trauma exposure. Conclusion: Findings of our study indicate that the acceptance of social changes might be an important psychosocial factor of PTSD.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Traumatic Brain Injury in Current Military Populations

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 278-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela L. (Herbig) Wall
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Operational Stress ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
Postconcussive Symptoms ◽  
Military Populations ◽  
Multiple Deployments

Background: The use of unconventional weaponry combined with decreased mortality rates and servicemembers being exposed to intense ground combat during multiple deployments has increased the risk of servicemembers living with the consequences of traumatic brain injuries (TBI) and combat operational stress. Objective: The purpose of this article is to perform a critical analysis of the literature to identify current rates of comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and TBI in military and veteran populations who have served in Iraq or Afghanistan and their combined effects on persistent postconcussive symptoms. Design: A search of the literature with military and veteran populations published after 2001 in Pubmed, OVID/Medline, Cochran Database, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, and PsychInfo was conducted using keywords. Results: Twenty studies met inclusion criteria. The literature search yielded mixed results for rates of PTSD, TBI, and comorbid conditions. Conclusions: There is some evidence that comorbid PTSD and TBI result in greater reports of postconcussive symptomology than either condition alone. Limitations include lack of consistency of measurements, sampling biases, and lack of experimental design, and these warrant further exploration. Future research is needed to decrease variability in study findings and elucidate relationships between these disorders and their effects on persistent postconcussive symptomology.

THE PREVALENCE OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IN WAR VETERANS WITH A CHRONIC POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER

Psymedica ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Babic ◽  
Boris Maslov ◽  
Milan Stojakovic
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
War Veterans ◽  
Chronic Ptsd ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Relationship

BACKGROUND: The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (FTSD) and metabolic syndrome represent a growing number of public health problems in post-war countries. There is more and more evidence about a relationship between PTSD and metabolic syndrome as well as the research that indicates a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in people suffering from PTSD. Understanding the relationship between PTSD and metabolic syndrome are important clinical and theoretical issues.OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in war veterans with a chronic PTSD.METHODS; Metabolic syndrome was investigated in 100 male war veterans with combat PTSE) and in 79 males who needed medical attention in a dispensary of family medicine.RESULTS: According to NCEP: ATP 111 metabolic syndrome was found in 35 % of war veterans with PTSD. Metabolic syndrome was identified more frequently in PTSD patients with co-morbid depression (63.6%) and in war veterans with PTSD of high intensity (66.7%).CONCLUSION: Metablie syndrome was found in more than 1/3 patients suffering from a chronic PTSD, The frequency was higher if the clinical presentation of a chronic PTSD was heavier and if PTSD was co-morbid with a depressive disorder.

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