Exploring the clinical profile of problematic pornography use

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Campbell Ince ◽  
Murat Yücel ◽  
Lucy Albertella ◽  
Leonardo F. Fontenelle
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Compulsive Sexual Behavior ◽  
Substance Addiction ◽  
Online Recovery ◽  
Pornography Use ◽  
Affective Issues

Abstract Background Although problematic pornography use (PPU) will soon be diagnosable through the International Classification for Diseases, 11th revision, its clinical profile remains contentious. The current study assessed whether PPU may be characterized by various symptoms sometimes observed among online recovery forums that currently lack empirical assessment, such as heightened cognitive-affective issues following pornography use and sexual dysfunction with partners as a result of escalating use. Method Cross-sectional surveys were completed by male PPUs (N = 138, mean age = 31.75 years, standard deviation = 10.72) recruited via online recovery communities and Amazon Mechanical Turk. Multiple regression analysis was performed using the Problematic Pornography Use Scale as the dependent variable and variables of interest (Arizona Sexual Experiences Scales modified for partnered sex and pornography use, Brunel Mood Scale, Social Interaction Anxiety Scale, and the Tolerance subscale from the Problematic Pornography Consumption Scale) and potential confounders (eg, comorbid psychopathology) as independent variables. Results Current levels of pornography use, indicators of tolerance and escalation, greater sexual functioning with pornography, and psychological distress were uniquely associated with PPU severity, while cognitive-affective issues after pornography use, impulsivity and compulsivity were not. Although sexual dysfunction did not predict PPU severity, nearly half the sample indicated sexual dysfunction with intimate partners. Conclusions The present findings suggest that PPU may be characterized by tolerance and escalation (as per substance addiction models), greater sexual responsivity toward pornography, and psychological distress. Meanwhile, the high rate of partnered sexual dysfunction observed suggests that PPU might be somewhat separable from other forms of compulsive sexual behavior.

Paternity, relationship, sexual activity and fertility in testicular cancer (TC) survivors (TCS): Results from a single institution observational prospective study.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 380-380
Author(s):  
Davide Bimbatti ◽  
Francesco Pierantoni ◽  
Marco Maruzzo ◽  
Filippo Maria Deppieri ◽  
Aichi Msaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Premature Ejaculation ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
High Dose Chemotherapy ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Interdisciplinary Management ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Status Data

380 Background: TC represents 1% of male neoplasms but it is the most common in young adults. Interdisciplinary management with chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery has led to a 10-year relative survival rate of up to 95%. These treatments (Tx) have short- and long-term side effects. While sexual dysfunction can reduce fertility, psychosocial distress can create relationship problems and finally affect the ability to procreate. Methods: From February 2020, we submitted a series of questionnaires to all the patients (pts) currently followed-up at the Istituto Oncologico Veneto free from TC recurrence for at least 2 years from the last Tx. International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-15) and Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT) were used. We also set up a questionnaire to investigate paternity and family status. Data about disease and treatments were collected from medical records. Results: 84 TCS completed the questionnaires, clinical data are reported in the table below. 29,8% of pts fathered children before diagnosis with a strong correlation with older age at diagnosis (45,4 vs 30,8 years, p<0,001). After Tx, 14 pts had children: 9 of which naturally, 2 out 6 were successful via assisted reproductive technology (ART) (including one patient that received high-dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation), 3 via adoption. 89,3% of pts had stable relationships. Of pts who did not have children: 13,1% claimed to be due to lack of a partner, 39,3% claimed to be unready, while 14,3% had tried unsuccessfully to conceive. While 28,6% pts claim to currently have fertility issues, only 8,3% of pts reported to have these issues before diagnosis. 70,2% of pts performed a spermiogram after Tx, 10 pts had spermatogenic impairment. Higher rate of sexual dysfunction after Tx was detected by questionnaires while only 4 pts claimed to have had a pre-existing issue prior to TC diagnosis. PEDT shows that 38,1% had premature ejaculation and that in 22,6% this issue is highly probable. IIEF confirms a high rate of erectile dysfunction (14,3% severe and 10,7% mild or moderate). No correlations were identified between sexual dysfuntion and previous Tx. Conclusions: Most TCS had not planned fatherhood while 16,7% had children after Tx and 14.3% tried unsuccessfully to conceive. ART and adoption is possible but challenging and little used. PEDT and IIEF found high rates of sexual dysfunction but no association with previous Tx were found. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals AGE, EXPERIENCE OF RACIAL MICROAGGRESSIONS, AND DISTRESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S711-S712
Author(s):  
Shayla Thompson ◽  
Broderick Sawyer ◽  
Suzanne Meeks
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Racial Microaggressions ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Anger Rumination ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Racial microaggressions are a common form of racial discrimination consisting of subtle or interpersonal slights. Racial microaggressions are linked to various kinds of psychological distress in younger adults, but have not been studied across the lifespan. We examined the relationship of racial microaggressions with psychological distress and anger rumination among younger and older adults identified as racial or ethnic minorities. We hypothesized that age would moderate the relationship between racial microaggressions and psychological distress and anger rumination, that is, the relationship would be weaker for older than for younger adults. Participants were recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk and were compensated $1 for their participation. Preliminary tests of the hypotheses (N=220), using multiple regression analyses to test for moderation, failed to support the hypothesis that age would mitigate the impact of microaggressions on symptom severity. Both age and microaggressions were related to psychological distress and anger rumination, but contrary to prediction, older adults showed more exacerbation of distress in the face of microaggressions than younger adults. The results also differed by gender and ethnic groups, suggesting the importance of examining intersectional experiences of race, gender, and age in response to discrimination. These cross-sectional findings lend support to the importance of considering both subtle and overt discriminatory experiences in understanding the mental health challenges for minority groups in the U.S., but more work is needed to examine the intersection of ethnicity with other demographic variables, and to understand how the lifelong experiences of discrimination may shape older adults’ vulnerability, well-being, and resilience.

Perspectives on psychological distress in cancer patients: Comparison between expected, perceived and actual disturbances in a clinic from Argentina

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 18515-18515
Author(s):  
F. Torrente ◽  
D. Gercovich ◽  
H. Hirsch ◽  
P. Margiolakis ◽  
E. Gil Deza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Cutoff Score ◽  
Waiting Room ◽  
Psychological Assistance

18515 Background: Psychological distress is a widespread phenomenon in cancer patients (pts.) Notwithstanding, its recognition and the threshold criteria for referral to a specialized unit are still problematic in clinical practice. Correspondingly, the aim of this study was to explore how much psychological distress (PD) is expected by the oncologists, how much distress is actually present in these pts., and finally how many of them are detected as having significant problems and referred to the mental health unit (MHU). Methods: Three sources of data were compared for the purpose of this study. Firstly, a survey to the practicing oncologists (n =18) was carried out in order to establish the rate of PD expected by them. Secondly, a consecutive sample of 259 pts. was evaluated in the waiting room with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for establishing an estimation of the actual rate of PD in this population. Finally, 115 pts. from the MHU were studied for determining the rate and the accuracy of the referral made by the oncologists. Results: Sixty one percent of the surveyed oncologists considered that 75% or more of their pts would need psychological assistance. The waiting room sample evaluated with the HADS showed that 74.9% of patients surpassed the cutoff score (11 points) for either anxiety or depression, or both. Despite this, less than 5% of the total population of the clinic was referred to the MHU. From this sample, 38.3% of the pts. scored below the cutoff line. The proportion of pts. who exceeded the cutoff score for depression was significantly higher in the MHU sample. Conclusions: Most of the oncologists expect a high rate of PD in their patients, and even overestimate it. Actual rates of anxiety and depression were also high. On the contrary, the rate of referral to specialized mental health treatment was extremely low and the pts. referred were not necessarily highly disturbed. Depression is probably better recognized than anxiety by oncologists. In conclusion, both quantitative and qualitative problems were detected in the referral to the MHU, regardless the awareness of the oncologists about PD. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Validation of a Brief Pornography Screen across multiple samples

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane W. Kraus ◽  
Mateusz Gola ◽  
Joshua B. Grubbs ◽  
Ewelina Kowalewska ◽  
Rani A. Hoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Behavior Disorder ◽  
Compulsive Sexual Behavior ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Structure Reliability ◽  
Pornography Use ◽  
Item Endorsement ◽  
Multiple Samples

AbstractBackground and AimsTo address current gaps around screening for problematic pornography use (PPU), we initially developed and tested a six-item Brief Pornography Screen (BPS) that asked about PPU in the past six months.Methods and ParticipantsWe recruited five independent samples from the U.S. and Poland to evaluate the psychometric properties of the BPS. In Study 1, we evaluated the factor structure, reliability, and elements of validity using a sample of 224 U.S. veterans. One item from the BPS was dropped in Study 1 due to low item endorsement. In Studies 2 and 3, we further investigated the five-item the factor structure of the BPS and evaluated its reliability and validity in two national U.S. representative samples (N = 1,466, N = 1,063, respectively). In Study 4, we confirmed the factor structure and evaluated its validity and reliability using a sample of 703 Polish adults. In Study 5, we calculated the suggested cut-off score for the screen using a sample of 105 male patients seeking treatment for compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD).ResultsFindings from a principal components analysis and confirmatory factor analysis supported a one-factor solution which yielded high internal consistency (α = 0.89–0.90), and analyses further supported elements of construct, convergent, criterion, and discriminant validity of the newly developed screen. Results from a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve suggested a cut-off score of four or higher for detecting possible PPU.ConclusionsThe BPS appears to be psychometrically sound, short, and easy to use in various settings with high potential for use in populations across international jurisdictions.

scholarly journals Occurrence and clinical characteristics of Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD): A cluster analysis in two independent community samples

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 446-468
Author(s):  
J. Castro-Calvo ◽  
M. D. Gil-Llario ◽  
C. Giménez-García ◽  
B. Gil-Juliá ◽  
R. Ballester-Arnal
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Behavior Disorder ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Compulsive Sexual Behavior ◽  
Sexual Sensation Seeking ◽  
Data Driven Approach

AbstractBackground and aimsCompulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD) is characterized by a persistent failure to control intense and recurrent sexual impulses, urges, and/or thoughts, resulting in repetitive sexual behavior that causes a marked impairment in important areas of functioning. Despite its recent inclusion in the forthcoming ICD-11, concerns regarding its assessment, diagnosis, prevalence or clinical characteristics remain. The purpose of this study was to identify participants displaying CSBD through a novel data-driven approach in two independent samples and outline their sociodemographic, sexual, and clinical profile.MethodsSample 1 included 1,581 university students (females = 56.9%; Mage = 20.58) whereas sample 2 comprised 1,318 community members (females = 43.6%; Mage = 32.37). First, we developed a new composite index to assess the whole range of CSBD symptoms based on three previously validated scales. Based on this new composite index, we subsequently identified individuals with CSBD through a cluster analytic approach.ResultsThe estimated occurrence of CSBD was 10.12% in sample 1 and 7.81% in sample 2. Participants with CSBD were mostly heterosexual males, younger than respondents without CSBD, reported higher levels of sexual sensation seeking and erotophilia, an increased offline and especially online sexual activity, more depressive and anxious symptoms, and poorer self-esteem.ConclusionsThis research provides further evidence on the occurrence of CSBD based on an alternative data-driven approach, as well as a detailed and nuanced description of the sociodemographic, sexual, and clinical profile of adults with this condition. Clinical implications derived from these findings are discussed in detail.

scholarly journals High Rate of Sexual Dysfunction Following Surgery for Rectal Cancer

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wafi Attaallah ◽  
Caglar Ertekin ◽  
Ilker Tinay ◽  
Cumhur Yegen
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
High Rate

From Impulse-Control Disorders Toward Behavioral Addictions

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 921-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Pallanti
Keyword(s):  
Substance Dependence ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Opioid Antagonist ◽  
Chemical Stimulus ◽  
Behavioral Addictions ◽  
Compulsive Sexual Behavior ◽  
Social Foundations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Chemical Addiction ◽  
The Brain

In the last 20 years, research on substance addictions has changed its focus from the social foundations to the neurobiological foundations. Hence, some behaviors have begun to be considered as equivalent to addiction based on proposed criteria: salience, withdrawal symptoms, tolerance, conflicts, relapse, and mood modifications.New knowledge about the brain's reward system suggests that “as far as the brain is concerned a reward is a reward, regardless of whether it comes from a chemical stimulus or an experience.”Pathological gambling was the prototypical addiction disorder, sharing some hallmarks with substance addictions: a high rate of comorbidity and treatment response to pharmacotherapies, such as opioid antagonist. However, compulsive sexual behavior, compulsive exercise, food starving, binge eating, and, most recently, Internet addiction have been gradually conceptualized as non-substance addictions with overlapping features with substance dependence. Several definitions” have been adopted regarding these behaviors: natural addiction, non-chemical addiction, and negative dependence are only some examples. This issue of CNS Spectrums focuses on behavioral addictions.

Internet Pornography Use: Perceived Addiction, Psychological Distress, and the Validation of a Brief Measure

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua B. Grubbs ◽  
Fred Volk ◽  
Julie J. Exline ◽  
Kenneth I. Pargament
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Internet Pornography ◽  
Pornography Use

scholarly journals Is the Pain Just Physical? The Role of Psychological Distress, Quality of Life, and Autistic Traits in Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome, an Internet-Based Survey in Italy

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1472
Author(s):  
Matteo Rocchetti ◽  
Alessandra Bassotti ◽  
Jacopo Corradi ◽  
Stefano Damiani ◽  
Gianluigi Pasta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Ehlers Danlos Syndrome

Background: Ehlers–Danlos syndromes (EDS) have been associated with psychological distress, comorbid psychiatric disorders, and worsening in quality of life (QoL). Among the neurodevelopmental disorders, autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have shown the highest rates of co-occurrence with EDS. The reasons for these associations are unknown and a possible role of pain in increasing the risk of psychiatric disorders in EDS has been suggested. However, a detailed picture of an Italian EDS sample is still lacking. Methods: We conducted a web-based survey in a third level center for the diagnosis of EDS in northern Italy, to investigate psychological distress, QoL, and the presence of autistic traits. Furthermore, we correlated the psychometric data with some clinical variables. Results: We observed a high rate of psychological distress with 91% of the responders at high risk of common mental disorders, low QoL, and high prevalence of autistic traits in EDS patients. Specifically, patients lacking a specific genetic test, diagnosed as suspects of EDS appeared to be at greater risk and reported worse psychological QoL. Pain was significantly associated with both psychological distress and worse QoL. Conclusions: Our findings support the need of further research and of a multi-disciplinary approach to EDS including psychological and psychiatric liaison.

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