Imagery and Likelihood Cognitive Bias in Pain

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Philips
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Cognitive Appraisals ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Cognitive Responses ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Reliability Factor ◽  
Good Internal Consistency ◽  
Mental Defeat

Background: Distressing intrusive images are frequently experienced by sufferers from chronic and acute pain. The images (Index images) are correlated with elevations in anxiety, threat, and a cognition that the imaged event might actually happen. The over-estimation that having a negative cognition about an adverse event will increase the probability of the negative event occurring - the likelihood bias - has been observed in a variety of psychological disorders. Preliminary research indicated this cognitive bias might occur in pain sufferers. Aims: To investigate the occurrence of a cognitive likelihood bias associated with imagery in acute and chronic pain sufferers, and to relate the postulated cognitive bias to psychological characteristics of participants, and four other important cognitive responses to their Index images. Method: Fifty-nine pain sufferers completed a newly developed questionnaire (Image-Event-Fusion-pain: IEF-p) to assess cognitive likelihood bias in pain sufferers. The internal consistency, reliability, factor structure and validity of the scale were evaluated. Psychological measures to assess anxiety, depression, PTSD symptoms, and levels of mental defeat were administered. Results: The IEF-p was found to be psychometrically robust with satisfactory test-retest reliability, good internal consistency, single factor structure and criterion validity. The IEF-p was significantly correlated with four key cognitive appraisals of the Index Images (responsibility, likelihood, premonition, and threat). Three of these correlations were independent of depression. High cognitive bias scores were significantly associated with elevated levels of anxiety symptoms, depression, PTSD symptoms, and mental defeat. Conclusion: Pain Index images were significantly associated with cognitive bias (IEF-p), increased threat levels, and raised estimate of the likelihood of imaged events actually occurring. The results indicate the prevalence of a cognitive bias associated with pain imagery cognitions, comparable to that established with intrusive cognitions in OCD, notably Thought-Action- Fusion.

Development of the cybersecurity scale (CS-S): Evidence of validity and reliability

2021 ◽  
pp. 026666692199751
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Arpaci ◽  
Kadir Sevinc
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Reliable Instrument ◽  
Good Internal Consistency

This study aimed to develop a cybersecurity scale to measure individuals’ practices and perceptions regarding cybersecurity. The study tested psychometric properties of the Cybersecurity Scale (CS-S) by employing a multi-stage research design. In the first study, an Exploratory-Factor-Analysis (EFA) was conducted to explore the underlying factor structure and evaluate internal consistency reliability of the CS-S. The EFA results showed good internal consistency reliability (α = .88) and a six-factor structure. In the second study, a Confirmatory-Factor-Analysis (CFA) was conducted to verify the factor structure. The CFA results indicated that the six-factor model (i.e., confidentiality, control/possession, integrity, authenticity, availability, and utility) fits the data well. Significant individual differences were observed in each dimension of the CS-S. Results indicated that the CS-S has evidence of convergent, discriminant, and construct validity along with internal consistency reliability. The results suggested that the CS-S is a valid and reliable instrument to measure individuals’ cybersecurity practices and perceptions.

Validation of the Short Form of the Academic Procrastination Scale

2016 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald D. Yockey
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Academic Procrastination ◽  
Good Internal Consistency ◽  
Future Work

The factor structure, internal consistency reliability, and convergent validity of the five-item Academic Procrastination Scale–Short Form was investigated on an ethnically diverse sample of college students. The results provided support for the Academic Procrastination Scale–Short Form as a unidimensional measure of academic procrastination, which possessed good internal consistency reliability in this sample of 282 students. The scale also demonstrated good convergent validity, with moderate to large correlations with both the Procrastination Assessment Scale–Students and the Tuckman Procrastination Scale. Implications of the results are discussed and recommendations for future work provided.

Development and Validation of the Ableist Microaggression Impact Questionnaire

2021 ◽  
pp. 003435522110142
Author(s):  
Deniz Aydemir-Döke ◽  
James T. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Rehabilitation Counselor ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Amazon's Mechanical Turk ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Three Factor

Microaggressions are daily insults to minority individuals such as people with disabilities (PWD) that communicate messages of exclusion, inferiority, and abnormality. In this study, we developed a new scale, the Ableist Microaggressions Impact Questionnaire (AMIQ), which assesses ableist microaggression experiences of PWD. Data from 245 PWD were collected using Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) platform. An exploratory factor analysis of the 25-item AMIQ revealed a three-factor structure with internal consistency reliability ranging between .87 and .92. As a more economical and psychometrically sound instrument assessing microaggression impact as it pertains to disability, the AMIQ offers promise for rehabilitation counselor research and practice.

Development and testing of three unique scales measuring the brand image of nursing

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judi Allyn Godsey ◽  
Tom Hayes ◽  
Clinton Schertzer ◽  
Robert Kallmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Health Care Access ◽  
Brand Image ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brand Position ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Nurses have been called to be leaders in the transformation of health care and to help improve health-care access for the nation’s most vulnerable populations. However, to lead health-care transformation, the profession of nurses must first see themselves as leaders. Unfortunately, nursing has been described as lacking cohesiveness and failing to communicate a consistent brand image. No empirically tested quantitative tools exist to measure the brand identity of nursing, making it difficult to assess where the profession stands in regard to the mantel of leadership. The purpose of this study was to develop empirically sound instruments which could measure nurses’ perceptions of their professional brand image. A total of three scales were developed and then tested: The Nursing Brand Image Scale, Nursing’s Current Brand Position Scale and Nursing’s Desired Brand Position Scale. Design/methodology/approach The factor structure and internal consistency reliability of each scale were examined following survey administration to a national sample of registered nurses. Principal component analyses were used to explore the factor structure of each scale. Item reduction was achieved through examination of the loading of items across the factors and the impact of the item on internal consistency reliability. Findings Respondents to the survey were nursing alumni who received a baccalaureate or master’s degree in nursing at a private, mid-western university, and nursing faculty affiliated with a private, collegiate network (n = 286). For all scales, principal component analysis showed no inter-item correlations >0.9 or <0.1. The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin measure for sampling adequacy was high and Bartlett’s test of sphericity was significant (p < 0001). The internal consistency reliability of each of the three scales was good to excellent. Current brand position mean scores were highest for the factor “caring advocates for patients/public”, and lowest on “influential leaders”. The most desired brand position mean scores were highest and rated similarly for factors “influential leaders” and “patient-centered caregivers”. Originality/value This study provides strong preliminary evidence for the factor structure and internal consistency reliability for each of the three scales and represents an important first step toward quantitatively measuring the brand image of nursing. However, results suggest there is work to be done if nursing is to formulate and adopt a brand image that consistently reinforces their role as leaders. Further testing of the scales with other nursing populations, the general public and with larger sample sizes is recommended.

Development of an Instrument to Measure Medical Students' Attitudes Toward People with Disabilities

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew B. Symons ◽  
Reva Fish ◽  
Denise McGuigan ◽  
Jeffery Fox ◽  
Elie A. Akl
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Alpha Coefficient ◽  
Good Internal Consistency ◽  
Students Attitudes

Abstract As curricula to improve medical students' attitudes toward people with disabilities are developed, instruments are needed to guide the process and evaluate effectiveness. The authors developed an instrument to measure medical students' attitudes toward people with disabilities. A pilot instrument with 30 items in four sections was administered to 342 medical students. Internal consistency reliability and factor analysis were conducted. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.857, indicating very good internal consistency. Five components were identified: comfort interacting with people with disabilities, working with people with disabilities in a clinical setting, negative impressions of self-concepts of people with disabilities, positive impressions of self-concepts of people with disabilities, and conditional comfort with people with disabilities. The instrument appears to have good psychometric properties and requires further validation.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of ICT Self-Efficacy Scale: Exploring the Relationship with Cyberbullying and Victimization

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadia Musharraf ◽  
Sheri Bauman ◽  
Muhammad Anis-ul-Haque ◽  
Jamil Malik
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Specific Measure ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the ICT Self-Efficacy Scale and the association of cyberbullying and victimization with ICT self-efficacy. Sample 1 (436 university students) was used to identify the factor structure of the Scale, and sample 2 (1115 university students) provided the data to confirm the factor structure (CFA), and to compute the internal consistency reliability, and convergent validity of the scale. Findings demonstrate that the new scale is a reliable and valid domain-specific measure to assess ICT Self-Efficacy for university students. Suggestions for further research with the scale are provided.

scholarly journals Development and Evaluation of a Swedish Short Version of the Questionnaire About the Process of Recovery (QPR)

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 376-382
Author(s):  
Eklund Mona ◽  
Neil Sandra ◽  
Argentzell Elisabeth
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Level Of Functioning ◽  
Ceiling Effects ◽  
Good Internal Consistency

Abstract The aim was to develop a short version of the Swedish Process of Recovery Questionnaire (QPR-Swe) for use with people with severe mental illness and to investigate its internal consistency, construct validity, known-groups validity and any floor or ceiling effects. Two independent samples were used, the first (N = 226) to develop the short version and the second (N = 266) to test its psychometric properties. A seven-item version was developed by selecting items based on item-total correlations. The QPR-Swe-7 showed good internal consistency reliability (α = 0.82). It showed moderate correlations with indicators of convergent validity (self-rated health, self-mastery and quality of life) and weak with those selected to test discriminant validity (psychiatric symptoms and level of functioning). QPR-Swe-7 differentiated between people receiving two different levels of housing support. No floor or ceiling effects were found. The QPR-Swe-7 had appropriate psychometric properties for use with people with a variety of mental disorders when a brief scale is warranted.

scholarly journals Modification and Psychometric Evaluation of the Peterson War Scale

2007 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 519-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Gabrielle Jones-Wiley ◽  
Alberto F. Restori ◽  
Howard B. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Item Analysis ◽  
Psychometric Evaluation ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Attitudes Toward War

A measure on attitudes toward war was administered to 125 student participants at a California university to assess psychometric properties for this scale for possible use in current research. A 5-point scale was substituted for the 2-point one originally. Item analysis indicated 23 of 32 items were viable. Using Cronbach reliability coefficient α and factor analysis, the shortened measure had an internal consistency reliability of .85. Factor analysis yielded a 4-factor structure: (1) War is Bad, (2) War is Necessary, (3) Positive Aspects of War, and (4) No Justification. These results indicate this seemingly outdated measure of war attitudes remains useful for current research purposes involving measuring attitudes toward war. However, longitudinal research is necessary.

scholarly journals Factor structure, internal consistency and distribution of Female Sexual Function Index among Mexican women with early diagnostic of breast cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-316
Author(s):  
Melina Miaja Avila ◽  
José Moral de la Rubia ◽  
Alan Fonseca ◽  
Marlid Cruz Ramos ◽  
Cynthia Villarreal Garza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Sexual Function ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Female Sexual Function Index ◽  
Mexican Women ◽  
Female Sexual Function ◽  
Function Index

 Background: Female Sexual Dysfunction (FSD) occurs frequently in women with breast cancer due to oncologic treatments. It is essential to have a validated instrument to diagnose and quantify FSD in this population accurately. Objective: To validate the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Method: The FSFI was applied to 272 sexually active Mexican women with recent diagnosis of breast cancer who had not initiated systemic cancer treatment. Results: The FSFI six-factor model is valid by confirmatory factor analysis, and the inventory and its factors have adequate internal consistency reliability. Conclusions: This study provides enough evidence about the reliability and factor structure of the FSFI questionnaire in the context of breast cancer clinical practice in Mexico.

Perfectionism and Academic Performance in Italian College Students

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 911-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yura Loscalzo ◽  
Sean P. M. Rice ◽  
Marco Giannini ◽  
Kenneth G. Rice
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Academic Outcomes ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Italian Translation ◽  
Good Internal Consistency ◽  
Academic Implications

This study analyzed the psychometric properties of the Italian translation of both the Short Almost Perfect Scale (SAPS) and the Short Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (SMPS), and the academic implications of perfectionism on 414 Italian college students aged between 18 and 58 years. Results revealed some limitations with the SAPS factor structure that, once addressed, yielded scores with good internal consistency and convergent validity. The SMPS had adequate psychometric properties. Higher perfectionistic strivings scores were associated with better academic performance and with higher rates of studying. This study provides support for the usefulness of both the SAPS and the SMPS in understanding relationships between different perfectionism dimensions and academic outcomes for Italian students.

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