The German Adaptation of the Therapist Beliefs about Exposure Scale: a Validation Study among Licensed Cognitive Behavioural Therapists in Germany

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Schumacher ◽  
Nadine M. Schopka ◽  
Manuel Heinrich ◽  
Christine Knaevelsrud
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Clinical Training ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Present Sample ◽  
Negative Beliefs ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
German Adaptation

Background: Exposure is an effective intervention in the treatment of pathological anxiety, but it is insufficiently disseminated. Therapists’ negative attitudes towards exposure might be of relevance when considering factors contributing to the non-application of this intervention. Aims: In order to be able to measure concerns in German-speaking therapist populations, the study aimed at validating a German version of the Therapist Beliefs about Exposure Scale.Method: The scale was translated into the German language and validated in a sample of 330 German licensed cognitive behavioural therapists. Results: In the present sample, the mean total score was significantly lower than in the original study including US-American therapists. Confirmatory factor analysis did not confirm the proposed one-factor model, while the exploratory factor analysis indicated that more than one factor is necessary to explain the structure of negative attitudes towards exposure. The internal consistency was high. Higher scores (more negative beliefs) were significantly correlated with older age, holding a master's degree (vs PhD), not being specialized in the treatment of anxiety disorders and with less experience with performance of exposure gained during clinical training. Negative beliefs about exposure were further associated with the self-reported average number of sessions spent on exposure in current treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder and panic disorder, and with negative attitudes towards application of exposure sessions presented in case vignettes. Conclusions: The German adaptation provides the opportunity of measuring concerns regarding application of exposure in German-speaking therapist populations. However, the presented data reveal suggestions for further scale development.

scholarly journals Recover recovery style from psychosis: a psychometric evaluation of the German version of the Recovery Style Questionnaire (RSQ)

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gruber ◽  
T. Rumpold ◽  
B. Schrank ◽  
I. Sibitz ◽  
B. Otzelberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Psychiatric Research ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Short Version ◽  
German Version ◽  
Present Sample ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Fit Index

Abstract Aims The way an individual handles the experience of psychosis, the so-called ‘recovery style’, has been shown to substantially affect long-term outcomes. The Recovery Style Questionnaire (RSQ) measures this psychological dimension. The aim of this study was to provide a validation of the German version of the RSQ and to raise awareness for recovery-oriented approaches. Methods The RSQ was translated into German according to the guidelines of the WHO and patients were administered this questionnaire and measures of internalised stigma, psychotic symptoms, illness concept, empowerment, self-esteem and quality of life. Descriptive statistics were demonstrated to characterise the sample. Reliability was assessed in different forms: internal consistency, test–retest reliability and split-half reliability. Items were evaluated with descriptive data and item-total correlations. Convergent and discriminant validity were shown, and a confirmatory factor analysis was performed. In order to ameliorate the model, a post hoc model modification was done. Results The sample consisted of 138 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (mean age: 35.7 years; 53.6% men; mean duration of illness: 20.6 years) with a mean RSQ overall percentage of 66.12 (s.d. ± 17.43%), mainly representing the categories ‘mixed picture’ and ‘tends towards integration’. The reliability of the RSQ was acceptable with a Cronbach's α of 0.741 and a test–retest coefficient of 0.502. Item-total correlations were not acceptable for 27 of 39 items. Moderate evidence for convergent validity of the RSQ was found. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the 13-factor model with 39 items originally proposed was partially poorly replicated in the present sample (χ2 ratio to degrees of freedom (χ2/df) of 1.732, Comparative Fit Index (CFI) of 0.585, Normed Fit Index (NFI) of 0.414, Tucker–Lewis Index (TLI) of 0.508, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) of 0.095). The RSQ was modified based on item-total correlations and path coefficients of the single items. The confirmatory factor analysis of the resulting one-factor model with 11 items showed adequate fit to the data (χ2/df of 1.562, CFI of 0.936, NFI of 0.847, TLI of 0.910, RMSEA of 0.083) and demonstrated good model fit. Conclusions Despite partially insufficient psychometric data of the original RSQ, the concept of recovery style is beneficial to psychiatric research and clinical practice. The underlying idea is valuable, and the questionnaire needs further development. Therefore, a short version of the RSQ is proposed.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of the Negative Attitudes towards CBT Scale

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 629-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary J. Parker ◽  
Glenn Waller
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Internal States ◽  
Good Internal Consistency ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Item Scale

Background:Clinicians commonly fail to use cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) adequately, but the reasons for such omissions are not well understood.Aims:The objective of this study was to create and validate a measure to assess clinicians’ attitudes towards CBT – the Negative Attitudes towards CBT Scale (NACS).Method:The participants were 204 clinicians from various mental healthcare fields. Each completed the NACS, measures of anxiety and self-esteem, and a measure of therapists’ use of CBT and non-CBT techniques and their confidence in using those techniques. Exploratory factor analysis was used to determine the factor structure of the NACS, and scale internal consistency was tested.Results:A single, 16-item scale emerged from the factor analysis of the NACS, and that scale had good internal consistency. Clinicians’ negative attitudes and their anxiety had different patterns of association with the use of CBT and other therapeutic techniques.Conclusions:The findings suggest that clinicians’ attitudes and emotions each need to be considered when understanding why many clinicians fail to deliver the optimum version of evidence-based CBT. They also suggest that training effective CBT clinicians might depend on understanding and targeting such internal states.

Religious and Spiritual Struggles in a German-Speaking Sample: a Validation Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Jessica Lampe ◽  
Isabelle Noth ◽  
Hansjörg Znoj
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
German Language ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Spiritual Struggles ◽  
First Time ◽  
German Adaptation

Abstract This paper presents the German adaptation and validation of the Religious and Spiritual Struggles Scale (RSSS) (Exline et al. 2014). Religious and spiritual (r/s) struggles consist of inner conflicts regarding supernatural, interpersonal and intrapersonal concerns, which in the RSSS are categorized into six struggles: Divine, Demonic, Doubt, Interpersonal, Moral and Ultimate Meaning. The prevalence of these as well as mental health correlates and associations with centrality of religiosity were explored in a sample of 1359 German-speaking participants, primarily university students from Switzerland. Inner r/s struggles have primarily been studied in samples from the United States, and data are lacking for more secular societies such as Switzerland, where these struggles are experienced as well. For the first time, the RSSS was translated into and administered in the German language and its six-factor structure confirmed with confirmatory factor analysis.

The Development and Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of the Negative Beliefs about Post-Event Processing Scale

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 590-599
Author(s):  
Hayley Rodriguez ◽  
Kellie Kissell ◽  
Lloyd Lucas ◽  
Brian Fisak
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Event Processing ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Depressive Rumination ◽  
Negative Beliefs

Background: Although negative beliefs have been found to be associated with worry symptoms and depressive rumination, negative beliefs have yet to be examined in relation to post-event processing and social anxiety symptoms. Aims: The purpose of the current study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Negative Beliefs about Post-Event Processing Questionnaire (NB-PEPQ). Method: A large, non-referred undergraduate sample completed the NB-PEPQ along with validation measures, including a measure of post-event processing and social anxiety symptoms. Results: Based on factor analysis, a single-factor model was obtained, and the NB-PEPQ was found to exhibit good validity, including positive associations with measures of post-event processing and social anxiety symptoms. Conclusions: These findings add to the literature on the metacognitive variables that may lead to the development and maintenance of post-event processing and social anxiety symptoms, and have relevant clinical applications.

scholarly journals A French adaptation of the Gambling-Related Cognitions Scale (GRCS): a useful tool for assessment of irrational thoughts among gamblers

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Grall-Bronnec ◽  
Gaëlle Bouju ◽  
Véronique Sébille-Rivain ◽  
Philip Gorwood ◽  
Claude Boutin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Potential Capacity ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural

Irrational thinking might be central in the maintenance of pathological gambling and should therefore be assessed, as other gambling-related cognitions (GRC), before treatment, especially when cognitive-behavioural therapy is proposed. Assessment tools investigating GRC exist but none are in French. Raylu and Oei have developed the Gambling-Related Cognitions Scale (GRCS), consisting of 23 items and a five-factor model. We aimed to determine if the French version of the GRCS had psychometric properties similar to those of the original version. Three hundred seventy-nine undergraduate students and 13 problem/pathological gamblers seeking treatment at the University Hospital of Nantes completed the GRCS. Confirmatory factor analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and multitrait analysis were performed. The French adaptation of the GRCS is a useful instrument for assessing GRC in order to appreciate the severity of pathological gambling, and it has the potential capacity to measure the treatment effect. Other studies are required to confirm test-retest reliability and sensitivity to change.

A Revised 10-Item Version of the Achievement Motives Scale

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas W.B. Lang ◽  
Stefan Fries
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Fear Of Failure ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Adequate Reliability

The Achievement Motives Scale (AMS) is a well-established and frequently used scale to assess hope of success and fear of failure. In three studies with German-speaking samples (N = 3523, N = 132, N = 126), the authors developed a revised form of the AMS using confirmatory factor analysis. As found in previous research, the original 30-item set of the AMS did not provide an acceptable fit to a two-factor model. In contrast, a revised 10-item version (AMS-R) provided an adequate fit to the theoretically intended two-factor model. The adequate fit could be validated in cross-validation procedures. Furthermore, the revised scales provided adequate reliability, lower interscale correlations, and criterion-related validity with respect to typical criteria of achievement-related behavior.

Psychometrical Properties of a French Version of the General Self-Efficacy Short Scale (ASKU)

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
Jean Philippe Décieux ◽  
Philipp Emanuel Sischka ◽  
Anette Schumacher ◽  
Helmut Willems
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
German Version ◽  
French Version ◽  
Context Variable ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Valid Instrument ◽  
General Self Efficacy

Abstract. General self-efficacy is a central personality trait often evaluated in surveys as context variable. It can be interpreted as a personal coping resource reflecting individual belief in one’s overall competence to perform across a variety of situations. The German-language Allgemeine-Selbstwirksamkeit-Kurzskala (ASKU) is a reliable and valid instrument to assess this disposition in the German-speaking countries based on a three-item equation. This study develops a French version of the ASKU and tests this French version for measurement invariance compared to the original ASKU. A reliable and valid French instrument would make it easy to collect data in the French-speaking countries and allow comparisons between the French and German results. Data were collected on a sample of 1,716 adolescents. Confirmatory factor analysis resulted in a good fit for a single-factor model of the data (in total, French, and German version). Additionally, construct validity was assessed by elucidating intercorrelations between the ASKU and different factors that should theoretically be related to ASKU. Furthermore, we confirmed configural and metric as well as scalar invariance between the different language versions, meaning that all forms of statistical comparison between the developed French version and the original German version are allowed.

Factorial Structure of the Therapist Adherence Measure-Revised (TAM-R) Within Multisystemic Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-431
Author(s):  
Aurelie M. C. Lange ◽  
Marc J. M. H. Delsing ◽  
Ron H. J. Scholte ◽  
Rachel E. A. van der Rijken
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Multisystemic Therapy ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Adherence Measure ◽  
Therapist Adherence ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The Us

Abstract. The Therapist Adherence Measure (TAM-R) is a central assessment within the quality-assurance system of Multisystemic Therapy (MST). Studies into the validity and reliability of the TAM in the US have found varying numbers of latent factors. The current study aimed to reexamine its factor structure using two independent samples of families participating in MST in the Netherlands. The factor structure was explored using an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) in Sample 1 ( N = 580). This resulted in a two-factor solution. The factors were labeled “therapist adherence” and “client–therapist alliance.” Four cross-loading items were dropped. Reliability of the resulting factors was good. This two-factor model showed good model fit in a subsequent Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) in Sample 2 ( N = 723). The current finding of an alliance component corroborates previous studies and fits with the focus of the MST treatment model on creating engagement.

scholarly journals Metacognitive Rating Scale: A Study Applying a Korean Translation to Individuals with Schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6853
Author(s):  
Mihwa Han ◽  
Kyunghee Lee ◽  
Mijung Kim ◽  
Youngjin Heo ◽  
Hyunseok Choi
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Mental Status ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Anger Expression ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Negative Beliefs ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Metacognitive Beliefs

Metacognition is a higher-level cognition of identifying one’s own mental status, beliefs, and intentions. This research comprised a survey of 184 people with schizophrenia to verify the reliability of the metacognitive rating scale (MCRS) with the revised and supplemented metacognitions questionnaire (MCQ) to measure the dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs of people with schizophrenia by adding the concepts of anger and anxiety. This study analyzed the data using principal component analysis and the varimax method for exploratory factor analysis. To examine the reliability of the extracted factors, Cronbach’s α was used. According to the results, reliability was ensured for five factors: positive beliefs about worry, negative beliefs about uncontrollability and danger of worry, cognitive confidence, need for control, and cognitive self-consciousness. The negative beliefs about uncontrollability and danger of worry and the need for control on anger expression, which were both added in this research, exhibited the highest correlation (r = 0.727). The results suggest that the MCRS is a reliable tool to measure the metacognition of people with schizophrenia.

An investigation into the factor structure of the Cognitive Therapy Scale – Revised (CTS-R) in a CBT training sample

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Sarah Beale ◽  
Silia Vitoratou ◽  
Sheena Liness
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

Abstract Background: Effective monitoring of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) competence depends on psychometrically robust assessment methods. While the UK Cognitive Therapy Scale – Revised (CTS-R; Blackburn et al., 2001) has become a widely used competence measure in CBT training, practice and research, its underlying factor structure has never been investigated. Aims: This study aimed to present the first investigation into the factor structure of the CTS-R based on a large sample of postgraduate CBT trainee recordings. Method: Trainees (n = 382) provided 746 mid-treatment audio recordings for depression (n = 373) and anxiety (n = 373) cases scored on the CTS-R by expert markers. Tapes were split into two equal samples counterbalanced by diagnosis and with one tape per trainee. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted. The suggested factor structure and a widely used theoretical two-factor model were tested with confirmatory factor analysis. Measurement invariance was assessed by diagnostic group (depression versus anxiety). Results: Exploratory factor analysis suggested a single-factor solution (98.68% explained variance), which was supported by confirmatory factor analysis. All 12 CTS-R items were found to contribute to this single factor. The univariate model demonstrated full metric invariance and partial scalar invariance by diagnosis, with one item (item 10 – Conceptual Integration) demonstrating scalar non-invariance. Conclusions: Findings indicate that the CTS-R is a robust homogenous measure and do not support division into the widely used theoretical generic versus CBT-specific competency subscales. Investigation into the CTS-R factor structure in other populations is warranted.

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