Verbal learning and memory after childhood stroke

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 742-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
AMY E. LANSING ◽  
JEFFREY E. MAX ◽  
DEAN C. DELIS ◽  
PETER T. FOX ◽  
JACK LANCASTER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Auditory Attention ◽  
Pediatric Stroke ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Hemisphere Lesion

Verbal learning and memory (VLM) following pediatric stroke was characterized in a cross-sectional neuropsychological and neuroimaging study of 26 subjects, aged 5 to 17, with a history of pediatric stroke and 26 age, SES, and gender matched orthopedic controls. Further comparisons were made between the VLM profiles of stroke subjects with rightversusleft hemisphere lesions and early (≤12 months)versuslate (>12 months) strokes. Overall, stroke subjects scored significantly lower than control subjects on several VLM indices (California Verbal Learning Test–Children; CVLT–C), as well as on measures of intellectual functioning (IQ) and auditory attention/working memory (Digit Span). Subgroup analyses of the stroke population foundnosignificant differences in VLM, Digit Span, Verbal IQ or Performance IQ when left-hemisphere lesion subjects were compared to right-hemisphere lesion subjects. In contrast, early strokes were associated with significantly fewer words recalled after delay, reduced discriminability (fewer correct hits relative to false positive errors on recognition testing), and relatively worse auditory attention/working memory scores (Digit Span). These findings indicate that pediatric stroke subjects demonstrated more VLM impairment than control subjects, and early strokes were associated with greater recall and recognition deficits. In stark contrast with adult-onset stroke, both left- and right-hemisphere lesions during childhood resulted in similar VLM performance. (JINS, 2004,10, 742–752.)

Laterality of Lesions and Trait-Anxiety on Working Memory Performance

2002 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 551-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. S. Killgore
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Cerebral Activation ◽  
The Right

An asymmetry of anterior cerebral activation favoring the right hemisphere has been associated with dispositional negative affect including trait-anxiety, while the opposite appears true of cerebral asymmetry favoring the left hemisphere. It was hypothesized that an asymmetry of cerebral activation, as defined by scores on a measure of trait-anxiety, ipsilateral to the side of an anterior brain lesion would be associated with less efficient cognitive processing than greater activation in the hemisphere contralateral to the lesion. Patients with anterior left ( n = 16) or right ( n = 15) hemisphere lesions completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and several neurocognitive tasks. Of the abilities tested, only Digit Span scores showed an interaction between side of lesion and presumed activation asymmetry. Patients with right- but not with left-hemisphere damage showed significant differences in working memory performance depending on the presumed direction of asymmetry of the two hemispheres, supporting the dual roles of the right hemisphere in affective processing and directed attention.

scholarly journals Association between plasma homocysteine levels and cognitive deficits in Han Chinese patients with schizophrenia across age groups

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumiao Zhou ◽  
Yuanyuan Huang ◽  
Yangdong Feng ◽  
Hehua Li ◽  
Kai Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Visual Learning ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Speed Of Processing ◽  
Function Score ◽  
Cognitive Function Score

AbstractIt was still unclear how homocysteine (Hcy) levels and cognitive deficits change in patients with schizophrenia of various ages. The present article attempts to assess the relationship between Hcy levels and cognitive deficits in patients with schizophrenia across age groups, especially in young people. Totals of 103 patients and 122 healthy controls were included. All participants were stratified into four groups according to their age: 18–29 years, 30–39 years, 40–49 years, and 50–59 years. Clinical data, plasma Hcy levels, and cognitive function score were collected. Cognitive function was evaluated using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery of tests assessing speed of processing, verbal learning and memory, visual learning and memory, working memory, and attention/vigilance. Compared with the healthy group, Hcy levels increased significantly, and all the measured cognitive function score were significantly lower in all age groups of patients with schizophrenia (p < 0.001). Hcy levels were negatively associated with speed of processing (SoP), working memory (WM), and visual learning and memory (Vis Lrng) score in 18–29 years. Further multiple regression analysis showed that SoP were independently associated with Hcy levels in patients with schizophrenia aged 18–29 years (B = 0.74, t = 3.12, p = 0.008). Based on our results, patients with schizophrenia performed worse on cognitive assessments and Hcy levels were more closely related to cognition in young patients.

Alpha Asymmetry over the Right and Left Hemispheres of Stutterers and Control Subjects Preceding Massed Oral Readings: A Preliminary Investigation

1977 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Moore ◽  
Mary K. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Hemispheric Processing ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Alpha Asymmetry ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control

Interhemispheric alpha asymmetry of both stutterers and non-stutterers measured preceding each of five massed oral readings of the same material was investigated. Preliminary results indicated a reduction of alpha over the left hemisphere for non-stutterers, while a reduction for stutterers was found for the right hemisphere. Present results, together with other investigations using dichotic, tachistoscopic, and EEG procedures, suggest right hemispheric processing for the stuttering group as compared with left hemispheric processing for the non-stuttering group.

scholarly journals Cognitive Function in Parkinson’s Disease Patients with and without Anxiety

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Ehgoetz Martens ◽  
J. Y. Y. Szeto ◽  
A. J. Muller ◽  
J. M. Hall ◽  
M. Gilat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Group Performance ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Set Shifting ◽  
The Impact

Research on the implications of anxiety in Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been neglected despite its prevalence in nearly 50% of patients and its negative impact on quality of life. Previous reports have noted that neuropsychiatric symptoms impair cognitive performance in PD patients; however, to date, no study has directly compared PD patients with and without anxiety to examine the impact of anxiety on cognitive impairments in PD. This study compared cognitive performance across 50 PD participants with and without anxiety (17 PDA+; 33 PDA−), who underwent neurological and neuropsychological assessment. Group performance was compared across the following cognitive domains: simple attention/visuomotor processing speed, executive function (e.g., set-shifting), working memory, language, and memory/new verbal learning. Results showed that PDA+ performed significantly worse on the Digit Span forward and backward test and Part B of the Trail Making Task (TMT-B) compared to the PDA− group. There were no group differences in verbal fluency, logical memory, or TMT-A performance. In conclusion, anxiety in PD has a measurable impact on working memory and attentional set-shifting.

Figure-Background Perception in Right and Left Hemispheres of Human Commissurotomy Subjects

Perception ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Cronin-Golomb
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Sample Stimulus ◽  
Stimulus Card ◽  
Texture Gradient ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Accurate Perception ◽  
The Right

The right and left hemispheres of four complete commissurotomy subjects were tested for the ability to recognize and integrate figure and background elements of composite visual stimuli. In the first experiment the subjects were required to identify from a four-choice array in free vision the stimulus card that matched the briefly lateralized sample stimulus. For all subjects the left hemisphere was proficient at identifying the figure, but performed at near-chance level in recognizing the textured background. In contrast, the right hemisphere was equally adept at identifying figures and backgrounds. Both hemispheres could easily identify the isolated figure or background from a choice array, demonstrating that the observed hemisphere effects were due to figure–background interactions rather than the result of any difficulty in processing specific elements of the composite stimulus. The second experiment involved the determination of the size and position of a dot that appeared against various plain and textured backgrounds. The right hemisphere of two subjects, but not the left, performed with greater accuracy when the background consisted of a ‘natural’ texture gradient rather than a plain white backing. Similar though less consistent results were obtained when an inverted gradient or an evenly spaced grid was used as the background. For each condition, right-hemisphere performance resembled that of normal control subjects. In contrast, the left hemisphere provided a pattern of results dissimilar to that of control subjects for the various figure–background tasks described. It appeared to be generally insensitive to background effects, except when the information provided by the background was highly unusual, as from an inverted texture gradient. The results suggest a preeminent role for the right hemisphere in (i) the recognition of background components of a whole-field stimulus, (ii) sensitivity to the influence of the background on the perception of an object, and (iii) the ability to use natural perspective cues to assist in the accurate perception of an object.

Evidence for Development of Distinction of Voice Onset Time in a Child with Left-Hemisphere Lesion

1995 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 1001-1002
Author(s):  
Kelly Paulson-Sebold ◽  
Ludie R. Hansen ◽  
J. Anthony Seikel ◽  
Patricia M. Hargrove ◽  
Gail D. Chermak
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Language Function ◽  
Partial Removal ◽  
Hemisphere Lesion ◽  
The Right

Following surgery for partial removal of the posterior left hemisphere at 5 mo., voice onset time was assessed to 9; 11 yr. Left-hemisphere language function associated with voicing appeared subsumed by the right hemisphere.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in Cognitive Functioning in At-Risk Mental State for Psychosis, First Episode Psychosis and Healthy Control Subjects

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ittig ◽  
E. Studerus ◽  
M. Papmeyer ◽  
M. Uttinger ◽  
S. Koranyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
At Risk Mental State

AbstractBackground:Several sex differences in schizophrenia have been reported including differences in cognitive functioning. Studies with schizophrenia patients and healthy controls (HC) indicate that the sex advantage for women in verbal domains is also present in schizophrenia patients. However, findings have been inconsistent. No study focused on sex-related cognitive performance differences in at-risk mental state for psychosis (ARMS) individuals yet. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate sex differences in cognitive functioning in ARMS, first episode psychosis (FEP) and HC subjects. We expected a better verbal learning and memory performance of women in all groups.Methods:The neuropsychological data analysed in this study were collected within the prospective Früherkennung von Psychosen (FePsy) study. In total, 118 ARMS, 88 FEP individuals and 86 HC completed a cognitive test battery covering the domains of executive functions, attention, working memory, verbal learning and memory, IQ and speed of processing.Results:Women performed better in verbal learning and memory regardless of diagnostic group. By contrast, men as compared to women showed a shorter reaction time during the working memory task across all groups.Conclusion:The results provide evidence that women generally perform better in verbal learning and memory, independent of diagnostic group (ARMS, FEP, HC). The finding of a shorter reaction time for men in the working memory task could indicate that men have a superior working memory performance since they responded faster during the target trials, while maintaining a comparable overall working memory performance level.

scholarly journals Neurocognitive functioning in bipolar depression: a component structure analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 961-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Gallagher ◽  
J. M. Gray ◽  
S. Watson ◽  
A. H. Young ◽  
I. N. Ferrier
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Bipolar Depression ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Component Structure

BackgroundPrevious studies of neurocognitive performance in bipolar disorder (BD) have focused predominantly on euthymia. In this study we aimed to compare the neurocognitive profile of BD patients when depressed with healthy controls and explore the component structure of neurocognitive processes in these populations.MethodCognitive tests of attention and executive function, immediate memory, verbal and visuospatial learning and memory and psychomotor speed were administered to 53 patients with a SCID-verified diagnosis of BD depression and 47 healthy controls. Test performance was assessed in terms of statistical significance, effect size and percentile standing. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to explore underlying cognitive factor structure.ResultsMultivariate analysis revealed an overall group effect, depressed BD patients performing significantly worse than controls. Patients performed significantly worse on 18/26 measures examined, with large effect sizes (d > 0.8) on tests of speed of processing, verbal learning and specific executive/working memory processes. Almost all tests produced at least one outcome measure on which ∼25–50% of the BD sample performed at more than 1 standard deviation (s.d.) below the control mean. Between 20% and 34% of patients performed at or below the fifth percentile of the control group in working memory, verbal learning and memory, and psychomotor/processing speed. PCA highlighted overall differences between groups, with fewer extracted components and less specificity in patients.ConclusionsOverall, neurocognitive test performance is significantly reduced in BD patients when depressed. The use of different methods of analysing cognitive performance is highlighted, along with the relationship between processes, indicating important directions for future research.

scholarly journals Soya isoflavone supplementation enhances spatial working memory in men

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (9) ◽  
pp. 1348-1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia A. Thorp ◽  
Natalie Sinn ◽  
Jonathan D. Buckley ◽  
Alison M. Coates ◽  
Peter R. C. Howe
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Spatial Processing ◽  
Initial Letter ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Visual Spatial Processing

Females perform better in certain memory-related tasks than males. Sex differences in cognitive performance may be attributable to differences in circulating oestrogen acting on oestrogen β receptors (ERβ) which are prevalent in brain regions such as the hippocampus, frontal lobe and cortex that mediate cognitive functions. Since soya isoflavones are known to activate ERβ, chronic isoflavone supplementation in males may improve cognitive performance in memory-related tasks. A 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial was conducted in thirty-four healthy men to investigate the effect of isoflavone supplementation on cognitive function. Volunteers were randomised to take four capsules/d containing soya isoflavones (116 mg isoflavone equivalents/d: 68 mg daidzein, 12 mg genistein, 36 mg glycitin) or placebo for 6 weeks, and the alternate treatment during the following 6 weeks. Assessments of memory (verbal episodic, auditory and working), executive function (planning, attention, mental flexibility) and visual-spatial processing were performed at baseline and after each treatment period. Isoflavone supplementation significantly improved spatial working memory (P = 0·01), a test in which females consistently perform better than males. Compared with placebo supplementation, there were 18 % fewer attempts (P = 0·01), 23 % fewer errors (P = 0·02) and 17 % less time (P = 0·03) required to correctly identify the requisite information. Isoflavones did not affect auditory and episodic memory (Paired Associate Learning, Rey's Auditory Verbal Learning Task, Backward Digit Span and Letter-Number Sequencing), executive function (Trail Making and Initial Letter Fluency Task) or visual-spatial processing (Mental Rotation Task). Isoflavone supplementation in healthy males may enhance cognitive processes which appear dependent on oestrogen activation.

Aphasia Following Right Hemisphere Lesion in a Woman with Left Hemisphere Injury in Childhood

1995 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Guerreiro ◽  
A. Castrocaldas ◽  
I.P. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Hemisphere Lesion
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