Longitudinal Changes in Resting State Connectivity and White Matter Integrity in Adolescents With Sports-Related Concussion

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 781-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna L. Murdaugh ◽  
Tricia Z. King ◽  
Binjian Sun ◽  
Richard A. Jones ◽  
Kim E. Ono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study was to investigate alterations in functional connectivity, white matter integrity, and cognitive abilities due to sports-related concussion (SRC) in adolescents using a prospective longitudinal design. Methods: We assessed male high school football players (ages 14–18) with (n=16) and without (n=12) SRC using complementary resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) along with cognitive performance using the Immediate Post-Concussive Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT). We assessed both changes at the acute phase (<7 days post-SRC) and at 21 days later, as well as, differences between athletes with SRC and age- and team-matched control athletes. Results: The results revealed rs-fMRI hyperconnectivity within posterior brain regions (e.g., precuneus and cerebellum), and hypoconnectivity in more anterior areas (e.g., inferior and middle frontal gyri) when comparing SRC group to control group acutely. Performance on the ImPACT (visual/verbal memory composites) was correlated with resting state network connectivity at both time points. DTI results revealed altered diffusion in the SRC group along a segment of the corticospinal tract and the superior longitudinal fasciculus in the acute phase of SRC. No differences between the SRC group and control group were seen at follow-up imaging. Conclusions: Acute effects of SRC are associated with both hyperconnectivity and hypoconnectivity, with disruption of white matter integrity. In addition, acute memory performance was most sensitive to these changes. After 21 days, adolescents with SRC returned to baseline performance, although chronic hyperconnectivity of these regions could place these adolescents at greater risk for secondary neuropathological changes, necessitating future follow-up. (JINS, 2018, 24, 781–792)

scholarly journals The effect of diabetes mellitus on evolution and outcome of tuberculosis in a prospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Alina Malic ◽  
◽  
Evelina Lesnic ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
The Impact

Background: In the Republic of Moldova almost 5% of the cases with tuberculosis are diagnosed annually among diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of diabetes mellitus on the evolution and anti-tuberculosis treatment effectiveness in a prospective study. Material and methods: A prospective, longitudinal and case-control study, which included a total number of 252 patients diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis and distributed in a study group, consisting of 93 patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and a control group, consisting of 159 patients without glycemic disorders, was performed. Results: This study identified that one half of the group with diabetes was detected by active screening and one third received anti-tuberculous treatment before actual episode. A similar rate of diabetic and non-diabetic patients was microbiologically positive, as well confirmed with drug-resistance. The anti-tuberculous treatment effectiveness was lower in diabetic patients, the death rate and the low treatment outcome (lost to follow-up and failed) were higher than in non-diabetic patients. The main causes of unfavorable evolution were: glycemic disorders (hyperglycemia), diabetes complications and the history of the anti-tuberculous treatment in the anamnesis. Conclusions: The individualized approach and a tight follow-up should be performed regularly in all patients with glycemic disorders and tuberculosis for the improvement of the disease outcome.

scholarly journals Widespread Disruptions of White Matter in Familial Multiple Sclerosis: DTI and NODDI Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeinab Gharaylou ◽  
Mohammad Ali Sahraian ◽  
Mahmoudreza Hadjighassem ◽  
Mohsen Kohanpour ◽  
Rozita Doosti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Quantitative Mri ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sporadic Group ◽  
Diffusion Parameters ◽  
Patient Groups

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a noninvasive, quantitative MRI technique that measures white matter (WM) integrity. Many brain dimensions are heritable, including white matter integrity measured with DTI. Family studies are valuable to provide insights into the interactive effects of non-environmental factors on multiple sclerosis (MS). To examine the contribution of familial factors to the diffusion signals across WM microstructure, we performed DTI and calculated neurite orientation dispersion plus density imaging (NODDI) diffusion parameters in two patient groups comprising familial and sporadic forms of multiple sclerosis and their unaffected relatives. We divided 111 subjects (49 men and 62 women: age range 19–60) into three groups conforming to their MS history. The familial MS group included 30 participants (patients; n = 16, healthy relatives; n = 14). The sporadic group included 41 participants (patients; n = 10, healthy relatives; n = 31). Forty age-matched subjects with no history of MS in their families were defined as the control group. To study white matter integrity, two methods were employed: one for calculating the mean of DTI, FA, and MD parameters on 18 tracts using Tracts Constrained by Underlying Anatomy (TRACULA) and the other for whole brain voxel-based analysis using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) on NDI and ODI parameters derived from NODDI and DTI parameters. Voxel-based analysis showed considerable changes in FA, MD, NDI, and ODI in the familial group when compared with the control group, reflecting widespread impairment of white matter in this group. The analysis of 18 tracts with TRACULA revealed increased MD and FA reduction in more tracts (left and right ILF, UNC, and SLFT, forceps major and minor) in familial MS patients vs. the control group. There were no significant differences between the patient groups. We found no consequential changes in healthy relatives of both patient groups in voxel-based and tract analyses. Considering the multifactorial etiology of MS, familial studies are of great importance to clarify the effects of certain predisposing factors on demyelinating brain pathology.

scholarly journals Brain Plasticity following Intensive Bimanual Therapy in Children with Hemiparesis: Preliminary Evidence

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Weinstein ◽  
Vicki Myers ◽  
Dido Green ◽  
Mitchell Schertz ◽  
Shelly I. Shiran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Hand Function ◽  
Intensive Therapy ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Taylor Test ◽  
Manual Skills

Neuroplasticity studies examining children with hemiparesis (CH) have focused predominantly on unilateral interventions. CH also have bimanual coordination impairments with bimanual interventions showing benefits. We explored neuroplasticity following hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) of 60 hours in twelve CH (6 females, mean age 11 ± 3.6 y). Serial behavioral evaluations and MR imaging including diffusion tensor (DTI) and functional (fMRI) imaging were performed before, immediately after, and at 6-week follow-up. Manual skills were assessed repeatedly with the Assisting Hand Assessment, Children’s Hand Experience Questionnaire, and Jebsen-Taylor Test of Hand Function. Beta values, indicating the level of activation, and lateralization index (LI), indicating the pattern of brain activation, were computed from fMRI. White matter integrity of major fibers was assessed using DTI. 11/12 children showed improvement after intervention in at least one measure, with 8/12 improving on two or more tests. Changes were retained in 6/8 children at follow-up. Beta activation in the affected hemisphere increased at follow-up, and LI increased both after intervention and at follow-up. Correlations between LI and motor function emerged after intervention. Increased white matter integrity was detected in the corpus callosum and corticospinal tract after intervention in about half of the participants. Results provide first evidence for neuroplasticity changes following bimanual intervention in CH.

scholarly journals A common neural signature of brain injury in concussion and subconcussion

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. eaau3460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan A. Hirad ◽  
Jeffrey J. Bazarian ◽  
Kian Merchant-Borna ◽  
Frank E. Garcea ◽  
Sarah Heilbronner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Structural Mri ◽  
White Matter Injury ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Head Impacts ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier Disruption ◽  
Brain Barrier Disruption ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

The midbrain is biomechanically susceptible to force loading from repetitive subconcussive head impacts (RSHI), is a site of tauopathy in chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), and regulates functions (e.g., eye movements) often disrupted in concussion. In a prospective longitudinal design, we demonstrate there are reductions in midbrain white matter integrity due to a single season of collegiate football, and that the amount of reduction in midbrain white matter integrity is related to the amount of rotational acceleration to which players’ brains are exposed. We then replicate the observation of reduced midbrain white matter integrity in a retrospective cohort of individuals with frank concussion, and further show that variance in white matter integrity is correlated with levels of serum-based tau, a marker of blood-brain barrier disruption. These findings mean that noninvasive structural MRI of the midbrain is a succinct index of both clinically silent white matter injury as well as frank concussion.

scholarly journals White Matter Microstructural Differences between Hallucinating and Non-Hallucinating Schizophrenia Spectrum Patients

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Justyna Beresniewicz ◽  
Alexander R. Craven ◽  
Kenneth Hugdahl ◽  
Else-Marie Løberg ◽  
Rune Andreas Kroken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Qualitative Difference ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Auditory Verbal Hallucinations ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Patient Groups

The relation between auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) and white matter has been studied, but results are still inconsistent. This inconsistency may be related to having only a single time-point of AVH assessment in many studies, not capturing that AVH severity fluctuates over time. In the current study, AVH fluctuations were captured by utilizing a longitudinal design and using repeated (Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale) PANSS questionnaire interviews over a 12 month period. We used a Magnetic Resonance Diffusion Tensor Imaging (MR DTI) sequence and tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) to explore white matter differences between two subtypes of schizophrenia patients; 44 hallucinating (AVH+) and 13 non-hallucinating (AVH-), compared to 13 AVH- matched controls and 44 AVH+ matched controls. Additionally, we tested for hemispheric fractional anisotropy (FA) asymmetry between the groups. Significant widespread FA-value reduction was found in the AVH+ group in comparison to the AVH- group. Although not significant, the extracted FA-values for the control group were in between the two patient groups, for all clusters. We also found a significant difference in FA-asymmetry between the AVH+ and AVH- groups in two clusters, with significantly higher leftward asymmetry in the AVH- group. The current findings suggest a possible qualitative difference in white matter integrity between AVH+ and AVH- patients. Strengths and limitations of the study are discussed.

scholarly journals Aerobic Exercise Intervention Alters Executive Function and White Matter Integrity in Deaf Children: A Randomized Controlled Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Xiong ◽  
Li-Na Zhu ◽  
Xiao-xiao Dong ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Jun Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Deaf Children ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Behavioral Performance

This study examined the effects of an 11-week aerobic exercise intervention on executive function (EF) and white matter integrity (WMI). In total, 28 deaf children (aged 9–13 years) were randomly assigned to either an 11-week exercise intervention or the control group. All the children had behavioral assessment and diffusion tensor imaging prior to and following the exercise intervention. The behavioral performance results demonstrated that EF was enhanced by exercise. Relative to the control group, WMI of the exercise intervention group showed (1) lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in the pontine crossing tract (PCT) and right cingulum (hippocampus) (CH), genu of the corpus callosum (gCC), right inferior cerebellar peduncle (ICP), left superior corona radiata (SCR), and left superior frontooccipital fasciculus (SFOF); (2) higher mean diffusivity (MD) in the gCC, right CH, right inferior frontooccipital fasciculus (IFOF), and left anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC); and (3) lower MD in the left ICP and left tapetum (TAP). Furthermore, the lower FA in gCC showed a significant negative correlation with improvement in behavioral performance, but the correlation was not significant after FDR correction. These results suggest that exercise can effectively improve deaf children’s EF and reshape the WMI in deaf children. The improved EF by exercise is not related to a reshaping of WMI, but more studies on the relationship between EF and WMI by exercise may be needed.

scholarly journals Longitudinal assessment of gray matter volumes and white matter integrity in patients with medication-overuse headache

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yesim Beckmann ◽  
Sevgin Gökçe ◽  
Nabi Zorlu ◽  
H Sabiha Türe ◽  
Fazıl Gelal
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Drug Withdrawal ◽  
Medication Overuse ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Medication Overuse Headache ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Brain

Background Medication-overuse headache is a common clinical entity, but neuroimaging studies investigating volumetric and microstructural alterations of the brain in medication-overuse headache are rare. Therefore, in the current longitidunal study we evaluated gray matter volume and white matter integrity in patients with medication-overuse headache before and after drug withdrawal. Methods A prospective study evaluated 27 patients with medication-overuse headache and 27 age-, sex-, and education-matched healthy adults. High-resolution T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging were obtained from the control group and medication-overuse headache patients before and six months after drug withdrawal. Tract-based spatial statistics of multiple diffusivity indices and voxel-based morphometry were employed to investigate white and gray matter abnormalities. Results No correlation was found between age, gender, education and smoking status in both groups. The most commonly overused medications were simple analgesics (96.3%) and combined analgesics (3.7%). The mean duration of the history of medication overuse and headaches was 56.7 ± 63.5 months. White matter diffusional and gray matter morphological alterations including volume, fractional anisotropy, radial diffusivity, and axial diffusivity analyses showed no significant relationship in the patients before and six months after withdrawal of analgesics. Also no difference was observed between the patients versus controls. Conclusion Our data demonstrated no structural alterations within the brain in medication-overuse headache.

scholarly journals The Effect of Javanese Language Videos with a Community Based Interactive Approach Method as an Educational Instrument for Knowledge, Perception, and Adherence amongst Tuberculosis Patients

Pharmacy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Fauna Herawati ◽  
Yuni Megawati ◽  
Aslichah ◽  
Retnosari Andrajati ◽  
Rika Yulia
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Group ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Interactive Approach ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Impact

The long period of tuberculosis treatment causes patients to have a high risk of forgetting or stopping the medication altogether, which increases the risk of oral anti-tuberculosis drug resistance. The patient’s knowledge and perception of the disease affect the patient’s adherence to treatment. This research objective was to determine the impact of educational videos in the local language on the level of knowledge, perception, and adherence of tuberculosis patients in the Regional General Hospital (RSUD) Bangil. This quasi-experimental study design with a one-month follow-up allocated 62 respondents in the intervention group and 60 in the control group. The pre- and post-experiment levels of knowledge and perception were measured with a validated set of questions. Adherence was measured by pill counts. The results showed that the intervention increases the level of knowledge of the intervention group higher than that of the control group (p-value < 0.05) and remained high after one month of follow-up. The perceptions domains that changed after education using Javanese (Ngoko) language videos with the Community Based Interactive Approach (CBIA) method were the timeline, personal control, illness coherence, and emotional representations (p-value < 0.05). More than 95% of respondents in the intervention group take 95% of their pill compared to 58% of respondents in the control group (p-value < 0.05). Utilization of the local languages for design a community-based interactive approach to educate and communicate is important and effective.

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