The effect of oestrous cycle number, at constant age, on gilt reproduction in a dynamic service system

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Grigoriadis ◽  
S. A. Edwards ◽  
P. R. English ◽  
F. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Service System ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Physiological Age ◽  
Cycle Number ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Heat Period ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Effect Of Age

AbstractPrevious studies examining the effect of age on gilt reproduction have generally failed to discriminate between chronological (i.e. days) and physiological age (i.e. number of oestrous cycles experienced) and the importance of each factor remains unclear in the pig. The present investigation tested the hypothesis that the physiological age at which gilts are bred in a dynamic service system (DSS) affects their reproductive behaviour and performance. A hundred and ninety gilts were randomly allocated between two treatments. They were introduced into the service pens of a DSS to be bred at the same age (215 days) but either at second (2H; no. = 96) or third (3H;no. = 94) post-pubertal heat period. The sexual behaviour of half of them was continuously recorded over a 13-week period and reproductive data from all the gilts were collected. Gilts of 2H treatment were significantly heavier at entry into the service pens (123 v. 119 kg; P < 0·05) than 3H gilts, but there was no significant difference in their backfat thickness. Treatment failed to affect the quality and frequency of mating attempts (MAs) gilts received or oestrus duration. Conception rate to first oestrus in the DSS (82%) was not affected by treatment. Litter size and number of piglets born alive was similar for 3H and 2H gilts (12·0 v. 11·7, s.e.d. 0·40 and 11·5 v. 11·0, s.e.d. 0·4 respectively; all P > 0·05). It is concluded that the reproductive behaviour and performance of gilts that had experienced either two or three oestrous cycles prior to mating at a constant age does not differ significantly in a DSS. More studies are needed in order to clarify the possible interactive influence of repeated and frequent services, which are common in a DSS, on gilt reproduction.

Reproductive behaviour and performance of gilts bred at the same age but at different post pubertal heat in a dynamic service system

2000 ◽  
Vol 2000 ◽  
pp. 137-137
Author(s):  
D. F. Grigoriadis ◽  
S. A. Edwards ◽  
P. R. English ◽  
F. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Service System ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Physiological Age ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Mating Frequency ◽  
Optimum Heat ◽  
Heat Period ◽  
And Performance

The heat period at which gilts are bred affects first reproductive performance and overall sow productivity. However, most studies which have examined this subject have confounded chronological age (i.e. days) with physiological age (i.e. number of heat periods experienced) and the importance of each factor remains unclear. The Dynamic Service System (DSS) is a recently developed variant of group mating and the optimum heat period at which gilts should be bred has never been established. This study tested the hypothesis that the physiological age at which gilts are first mated in a DSS will affect their first reproductive behaviour (i.e. mating frequency and quality) and performance.

A comparison of the behaviour and performance of sows and piglets in crates and oval pens

1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.H. Bradshaw ◽  
D.M. Broom
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Production Data ◽  
Aggregation Behaviour ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Two Indices ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Size At Birth

AbstractA comparison was made of sow lying behaviour, piglet aggregation behaviour and performance in crates (no. = 10) and oval pens (no. = 8). Twenty-four hour time-lapse video tapes were made and a farrowing day defined for each sow by noting the 24-h period during which the sow gave birth (09:00 to 09:00 h). Each sow and litter, balanced for parity and time of year, was analysed from 12:00 to 20:00 h during the 24 h immediately following this day. The following analyses were conducted: (1) the number and type of lying behaviour; (2) each litter was scanned every 10 min and at each lying event the number of piglets within 0·3 m of the sow noted; two indices were then calculated, based on the mean of the 10-min scans and the mean for the lying events, for each sow expressed as a proportion of the total litter size. Any dead piglets were removed and cause of mortality established by post-mortem examination. Production data showed that there was no significant difference between litter size at birth and at weaning but overall level of mortality was higher in the pen compared with the crate due to crushing. The majority of crushing events occurred in the first 3 days after farrowing (crate 75%; oval pen 64%). The total number of lying events and related posture changes did not differ between systems; only ‘roll-over’ events (movement from lateral on one side to the other within 10 s) were higher in the oval pen. There was no difference in the proportion of aggregating piglets at the 10-min scans or the lying events. Increased crushing mortality in the pen does not appear to be due to the aggregation behaviour of piglets but to the increased number of sow roll-over behaviours.

scholarly journals Breeding and production performance profile of Black Bengal goats in rural areas of Mymensingh in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
AFMF Islam ◽  
S Nahar ◽  
TSJ Tanni ◽  
MA Hoque ◽  
AKFH Bhuiyan
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Average Litter Size ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Significant Distance ◽  
Black Bengal Goat

The present study was conducted to know the breeding and performance profile of Black Bengal goat in 4 upazila (Mymensingh Sadar, Fulbaria, Trishal and Muktagacha) of Mymensingh district. The data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire from 100 goat rearers. The questionnaire included primary information about goat owners, total number of goats, color pattern, birth information, fate of male kids, weight of kids, breeding system and source of breeding males, breeding cost, litter size, kid mortality, some management parameters on goat and goat rearing system under rural condition. On an average, goat per family at Mymensingh district was found to be 3.56 ±1.77 where the percentage of does and bucks were 90.61% and 9.39% respectively. Most of the farmers were found not to keep male kid for bad odor and difficult management and hence castrate them. Almost all farmers depend on natural mating to serve their does by passing a significant distance. The average service charge was found BDT 70.90±1.77, which differs significantly (P< 0.05) among four upazilas. No significant difference was found in performance of goats among four upazilas. The average body weight at 3 and 6 months of age of female goats were 4.67 ± 0.15 and 7.12±0.14 kg respectively. The average litter size was found 1.76±0.75 and the average kid mortality rate was 12.88% in Mymensingh district. From this study, it became evident that acute shortage of Black Bengal breeding bucks exists in the rural areas which may represent the overall situation of the country.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2016. 45 (2): 46-51

Exploring The Effect of Visual Information Degradation on Human Perception and Performance In A Human-Telerobot System

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1302-1307
Author(s):  
Richard Stone ◽  
Minglu Wang ◽  
Thomas Schnieders ◽  
Esraa Abdelall
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Hit Rate ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Level Of Automation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Human Operators ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Level

Human-robotic interaction system are increasingly becoming integrated into industrial, commercial and emergency service agencies. It is critical that human operators understand and trust automation when these systems support and even make important decisions. The following study focused on human-in-loop telerobotic system performing a reconnaissance operation. Twenty-four subjects were divided into groups based on level of automation (Low-Level Automation (LLA), and High-Level Automation (HLA)). Results indicated a significant difference between low and high word level of control in hit rate when permanent error occurred. In the LLA group, the type of error had a significant effect on the hit rate. In general, the high level of automation was better than the low level of automation, especially if it was more reliable, suggesting that subjects in the HLA group could rely on the automatic implementation to perform the task more effectively and more accurately.

scholarly journals Prospective study to assess the tissue response to HPC-coated p48 flow diverter stents compared to uncoated devices in the rabbit carotid artery model

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Lenz-Habijan ◽  
Pervinder Bhogal ◽  
Catrin Bannewitz ◽  
Ralf Hannes ◽  
Hermann Monstadt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Flow Diverter ◽  
Foreign Body Response ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Acute Setting ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Surface Modified ◽  
Common Carotid Arteries

Abstract Background Flow diverters (FDs) are widely used in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms, but the required medication increases the risk of haemorrhagic complications and limits their use in the acute setting. Surface modified FDs may limit the need for dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). Hydrophilic polymer coating (HPC) may reduce the need of medication. Methods This explorative study, approved by the local authorities and the local welfare committee, compared stent behaviour and overall tissue response between HPC-coated FDs and uncoated FDs, both implanted into the common carotid arteries of eight New Zealand white rabbits. Endothelialisation, inflammatory response, and performance during implantation were assessed. Angiographic follow-up was performed to observe the patency of the devices after implantation and after 30 days. Histological examinations were performed at 30 days to assess foreign body reaction and endothelialisation. Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests were used to compare non-parametric variables. Results Angiography showed that both coated and uncoated FDs performed well during implantation. All devices remained patent during immediate follow-up and after 30 days. Histopathology showed no significant difference in inflammation within the vessel wall between the two cohorts (2.12 ± 0.75 vs. 1.96 ± 0.79, p = 0.7072). Complete endothelialisation of the stent struts was seen with very similar (0.04 ± 0.02 mm vs. 0.04 ± 0.03 mm, p = 0.892) neoendothelial thickness between the two cohorts after 30 days. Conclusion Taking into account the limitation in sample size, non-significant differences between the HPC-coated and uncoated FDs regarding implantation, foreign body response, and endothelialisation were found.

scholarly journals Awareness and Performance towards Proper Use of Disinfectants to Prevent COVID-19: The Case of Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 2099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Safari ◽  
Reza Fouladi-Fard ◽  
Razieh Vahidmoghadam ◽  
Mohammad Raza Hosseini ◽  
Abolfazl Mohammadbeigi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Programs ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Incidence Data ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Arcview Gis ◽  
Spearman’S Correlation ◽  
Good Range ◽  
Awareness Level

This study aimed to assess the awareness and performance of Qom citizens towards using disinfectants and compared its relationship with geographical distribution of COVID-19 outbreak in Qom, Iran. The study was conducted by a researcher-made questionnaire during April and May, 2020. COVID-19 incidence data for each district of city was obtained from health department of Qom province. Data were analyzed using Excel, SPSS and ArcView (GIS) softwares. It was found that the highest level of citizens’ awareness (52%) was in the weak range while their performance (56%) was in the good range. According to Spearman’s correlation analysis, there was a strong correlation (rho 0.95) between the total mean of awareness and performance (p < 0.01). The highest incidence rate of COVID-19 was in district 7 which had the lowest mean score in both awareness and performance. In addition, the results of ANOVA (LSD—least significant difference) showed that there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) between district 7—with lower mean scores in awareness and performance—and other districts. Overall, it is concluded that citizens’ awareness level was lower than that of their performance. This conclusion not only calls for more training programs to be implemented in public places, schools, universities and governmental offices, but it also necessitates maintaining a proper and timely training about using disinfectants.

Does body position, age, and heart rate induce IOP’s changes?

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110233
Author(s):  
Marcelina Sobczak ◽  
Magdalena Asejczyk ◽  
Malwina Geniusz
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cardiovascular Parameters ◽  
Entire Cohort ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B ◽  
Effect Of Age

Objectives: The main goal of this research was to determine the differences between the values of intraocular pressure (IOP) in the supine and sitting positions, and to assess the effect of age and cardiovascular parameters. Methods: Seventy-two healthy adults were enrolled and classified into age groups: 20–30 years (group A), 31–40 years (group B), and 41–71 years (group C). Corneal biometry and cardiovascular parameters, such as heart rate (HR), were measured. IOP measurements were taken in the sitting position (IOPS) and in the supine position (IOPL) using the iCare® Pro tonometer. Results: A significant difference between the IOPS and IOPL in the entire cohort was found ( p < 0.001). Regarding the age subgroups, a significant difference ( p < 0.001) between the IOPS and IOPL was obtained in group A (2.6 ± 1.6 mmHg) and group C (1.5 ± 1.3 mmHg). There were no significant differences in the IOPS between groups. The highest IOP values were obtained for group A. The correlations between HR and IOPS are statistically significant for group A and group B, and for HR and IOPL-S for group B only. Multivariate analysis showed that HR has a significant influence on the difference in IOP in the two body positions. Conclusion: A statistically significant difference between the effect of age and the values of IOPS and IOPL was shown. Cardiovascular parameters showed some relevant statistical dependencies, but with a rather marginal significance in young people. The influence of body position for the measurement of IOP for healthy subjects does not seem to matter, despite the fact that there are some dependencies that are statistically significant.

scholarly journals Sarcocystis species in bovine carcasses from a Belgian abattoir: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Zeng ◽  
Inge Van Damme ◽  
Teresia Wanjiru Kabi ◽  
Barbara Šoba ◽  
Sarah Gabriël
Keyword(s):  
Safety Issue ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Sarcocystis Species ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Prevalent Species ◽  
Potential Food ◽  
Effect Of Age

Abstract Background Sarcocystis species are obligatorily heteroxenous parasites, of which some are zoonotic, representing a public health and economic impact. This study investigated the occurrence of Sarcocystis spp. in cattle sampled from a Belgian slaughterhouse. Methods A total of 200 carcasses were included in the study, sampled during 10 sampling days. The sedimentation method was applied to isolate the sarcocysts from both heart and diaphragm muscles collected from each carcass. Multiplex PCR, PCR–RFLP as well as cox1 gene sequencing techniques were applied serially on collected sarcocysts for species identification. Results Sarcocystis spp. were detected in 64% (128/200; 95% CI 57–71%) of the sampled carcasses. Female dairy cattle presented the highest Sarcocystis occurrence rate (91%) as well as the highest Sarcocystis species diversity compared to female beef and male beef. Sarcocystis spp. were detected more often in the heart muscles than in the diaphragm among female beef (p < 0.001) and dairy carcasses (p = 0.001), while in male carcasses no significant difference was observed (p = 0.763). The effect of age was not significant in male carcasses (p = 0.872), while the odds of finding sarcocysts significantly increased with age (p = 0.003) within both types of female carcasses. S. cruzi was the most prevalent species and was found in 56.5% (113/200) of the carcasses, followed by S. hominis (21.0%, 42/200), S. bovifelis (12.5%, 25/200), S. bovini (2.0%, 4/200), S. hirsuta (1.5%, 3/200) and S. heydorni (0.5%, 1/200). Six different species were detected in the diaphragm, while only two species were recovered from the heart. S. cruzi was the most prevalent species in heart, while in the diaphragm, this was S. hominis. Conclusions The detection of S. hominis in 21% of the sampled carcasses presents a potential food safety issue, and further research is warranted into controlling this infection. Graphic Abstract

scholarly journals Effect of Engaging Trainees by Assessing Peer Performance: A Randomised Controlled Trial Using Simulated Patient Scenarios

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Loumann Krogh ◽  
Charlotte Ringsted ◽  
Charles B. Kromann ◽  
Maria Birkvad Rasmussen ◽  
Tobias Todsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Global Rating ◽  
Training Performance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Training Format ◽  
Peer Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Introduction. The aim of this study was to explore the learning effect of engaging trainees by assessing peer performance during simulation-based training.Methods. Eighty-four final year medical students participated in the study. The intervention involved trainees assessing peer performance during training. Outcome measures were in-training performance and performance, both of which were measured two weeks after the course. Trainees’ performances were videotaped and assessed by two expert raters using a checklist that included a global rating. Trainees’ satisfaction with the training was also evaluated.Results. The intervention group obtained a significantly higher overall in-training performance score than the control group: mean checklist score 20.87 (SD 2.51) versus 19.14 (SD 2.65)P=0.003and mean global rating 3.25 SD (0.99) versus 2.95 (SD 1.09)P=0.014. Postcourse performance did not show any significant difference between the two groups. Trainees who assessed peer performance were more satisfied with the training than those who did not: mean 6.36 (SD 1.00) versus 5.74 (SD 1.33)P=0.025.Conclusion. Engaging trainees in the assessment of peer performance had an immediate effect on in-training performance, but not on the learning outcome measured two weeks later. Trainees had a positive attitude towards the training format.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document