scholarly journals HEALTH, HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE PRODUCTION: TWO CENTURIES OF INTERNATIONAL EVIDENCE

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 909-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob B. Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Human Capital Formation ◽  
International Evidence ◽  
The Past ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Endogenous Growth Models

Recent medical research shows that health is highly influential on learning and the ability to think laterally; however, past economic studies have failed to empirically examine the influence of health on learning, schooling, and ideas production, the main drivers of growth in endogenous growth models. This paper constructs a measure of health-adjusted educational attainment among the working age population based on their health status during the time they obtained their education. Using annual data for 21 OECD countries over the past two centuries, it is shown that health has been highly influential on the quantity and quality of schooling, innovation, and growth.

scholarly journals Prevalence and sociodemographic determinants of dyspepsia in the general population of Rwanda

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e000387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Bosco Bangamwabo ◽  
John David Chetwood ◽  
Vincent Dusabejambo ◽  
Cyprien Ntirenganya ◽  
George Nuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Significant Burden

IntroductionDyspepsia accounts for a significant burden of worldwide disease, but there is a relative paucity of data from the sub-Saharan African setting. We undertook to describe the burden, risk factors and severity of dyspepsia across Rwanda.MethodsWe performed a population-based clustered cross-sectional survey between November 2015 and January 2016, nationwide in Rwanda, using the Short Form Leeds Dyspepsia Questionnaire to describe the presence and severity of dyspepsia, and the Short Form Nepean Dyspepsia Index to describe the concomitant quality of life effects. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were constructed to correlate measured sociodemographic factors with dyspepsia.ResultsThe prevalence of clinically significant dyspepsia in the general Rwandan population was 14.2% (283/2000). The univariate factors that significantly predicted severity were gender, profession, socioeconomic status, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, aspirin and alcohol use, with gender, current smoking, aspirin use both in the past and currently, and alcohol use in the past remaining significant on multivariate modelling. Dyspeptics had a significantly lower gastrointestinal-related quality of life, though the sociodemographic factors measured did not modify the observed quality of life.ConclusionDyspepsia is prevalent in the Rwandan setting and is associated with a significant burden on quality of life. More work is required to determine the pathological entities involved, and the optimal approach to mitigating this burden.

scholarly journals Are depressive symptoms associated with quality of care in diabetes? Findings from a nationwide population-based study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e001804
Author(s):  
Andreas Jung ◽  
Yong Du ◽  
Julia Nübel ◽  
Markus A Busch ◽  
Christin Heidemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Population Based ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Past ◽  
Diagnosed Diabetes

IntroductionWe investigated whether the presence of depressive symptoms among adults with diagnosed diabetes is associated with adverse quality of diabetes care.Research design and methodsThe study population was drawn from the German national health survey ‘German Health Update’ 2014/2015-European Health Interview Survey and included 1712 participants aged ≥18 years with self-reported diabetes during the past 12 months. Depressive symptoms in the past 2 weeks were assessed by the eight-item depression module of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8), with PHQ-8 sum score values ≥10 indicating current depressive symptoms. We selected 12 care indicators in diabetes based on self-reported information on care processes and outcomes. Associations of depressive symptoms with those indicators were examined in multivariable logistic regression models with stepwise adjustments.ResultsOverall, 15.6% of adults with diagnosed diabetes reported depressive symptoms, which were higher in women than in men (18.7% vs 12.9%). Adjusted for age, sex, education, social support, health-related behaviors, and diabetes duration, adults with depressive symptoms were more likely to report acute hypoglycemia (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.88) or hyperglycemia (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.30 to 3.37) in the past 12 months, long-term diabetes complications (OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.55 to 3.39) as well as currently having a diet plan (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.39 to 3.29) than adults without depressive symptoms. Significant associations between depressive symptoms and other care indicators were not observed.ConclusionsThe present population-based study of adults with diagnosed diabetes indicates an association between depressive symptoms and adverse diabetes-specific care with respect to outcome but largely not to process indicators. Our findings underline the need for intensified care for persons with diabetes and depressive symptoms. Future research needs to identify underlying mechanisms with a focus on the inter-relationship between diabetes, depression and diabetes-related distress.

A population based study of the prevalence of pain in Iceland

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigridur Gunnarsdottir ◽  
Sandra E. Ward ◽  
Ronald C. Serlin
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
General Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Pain Interference ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
The Past ◽  
Experienced Pain ◽  
Prevalence Of Pain

AbstractPrevalence estimates of pain differ depending on how it is defined and measured and on the populations studied. It has been estimated that on a given day, as many as 30–44% of the general population experience some kind of pain. Information about the prevalence of pain in Iceland is not available. The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of pain of various origins among the general population of Iceland, to test hypotheses regarding relationships between pain, quality of life (QOL) and demographic variables, to evaluate participants’ beliefs about causes of their pain, and to evaluate how those who experience pain manage it. A random sample of 1286 adults was drawn from a national registry holding information about all citizens of Iceland. Data were collected with a postal-survey. Pain was evaluated with the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), with instructions modified to evaluate pain in the past week as opposed to the past 24 h. Of 1286 invited, 599 (46.6%) participated, of which, 232 had experienced pain in the past week (40.3%). Participants had a mean (SD) age of 44.94 (17.12) years and 56% were women. Those who had pain perceived their health to be worse than those who had not [B = −0.91, SE = 0.15, Wald = 38.75, p = 0.00], but did not differ on other variables. Of 232 individuals reporting pain, 183 (79.6%) or 30.6% of the total sample had experienced pain for more than three months. On a scale from 0 “no pain” to 10 “pain as bad as I can imagine” the mean (SD) pain severity score (composite of four pain severity scores) for the 232 participants reporting pain was 3.21 (1.73) and pain interference with life activities 2.59 (1.98), also on a 0–10 scale. Pain severity predicted pain interference [B = 0.71; F = 126.14; df = 1,206; p = 0.00], which mediated the effects of pain severity on mood and QOL. Between Pain Interference with Life and Positive Affect [B = −0.06; F = 4.53; df = 1,196; p = 0.04], between Pain Interference and Negative Affect [B = 0.15; F = 23.21; df = 1,196; p = 0.00], and between Pain Interference and Global Quality of Life [B = −0.18; F = 29.11; df = 1,196; p = 0.00]. Most frequent causes for pain were strain injuries (n = 79), resulting from work or sports activity, arthritis (n = 39), mechanical problems (e.g. due to birth defects, curvature, slipped discs, etc.) (n = 37), various diseases (n = 31) and accidents (n = 30). Nineteen participants did not know what caused their pain. Treatments for pain varied, but most had used medications alone (n = 76) or in combination with other treatments (n = 61). The prevalence of pain in the general population of Icelandic adults is similar to what has been reported. Estimates of chronic pain are towards the higher end when compared to data from other European counties, yet comparable to countries such as Norway. This raises questions about possible explanations to be looked for in genetics or cultural point of view. This population based study provides valuable information about the prevalence of pain in Iceland and also supports findings previously reported about pain in the neighboring countries.

Immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in positively stained frozen sections

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
K. T. Tokuyasu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections ◽  
Definition Of

During the past investigations of immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in ultrathin frozen sections, we found that the degree of negative staining required to delineate u1trastructural details was often too dense for the recognition of ferritin particles. The quality of positive staining of ultrathin frozen sections, on the other hand, has generally been far inferior to that attainable in conventional plastic embedded sections, particularly in the definition of membranes. As we discussed before, a main cause of this difficulty seemed to be the vulnerability of frozen sections to the damaging effects of air-water surface tension at the time of drying of the sections.Indeed, we found that the quality of positive staining is greatly improved when positively stained frozen sections are protected against the effects of surface tension by embedding them in thin layers of mechanically stable materials at the time of drying (unpublished).

Exercise Capacity in Chronic Heart Failure

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina G Mentzer ◽  
Alex J Auseon
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Pharmacologic Therapy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Future Therapy

Heart failure (HF) affects more than 5 million people and has an increasing incidence and cost burden. Patients note symptoms of dyspnea and fatigue that result in a decreased quality of life, which has not drastically improved over the past decades despite advances in therapies. The assessment of exercise capacity can provide information regarding patient diagnosis and prognosis, while doubling as a potential future therapy. clinically, there is acceptance that exercise is safe in hf and can have a positive impact on morbidity and quality of life, although evidence for improvement in mortality is still lacking. specific prescriptions for exercise training have not been developed because many variables and confounding factors have prevented research trials from demonstrating an ideal regimen. Physicians are becoming more aware of the indices and goals for hf patients in exercise testing and therapy to provide comprehensive cardiac care. it is further postulated that a combination of exercise training and pharmacologic therapy may eventually provide the most benefits to those suffering from hf.

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