The development of gender in simultaneous and successive bilingual acquisition of French – Evidence for AOA and input effects

This study investigates the effects of Age of Onset of Acquisition (AOA) and the quality and quantity of input on the longitudinal development of gender in the acquisition of French by simultaneous (2L1) and successive bilinguals (cL2). Three aspects of French gender are studied: the abstract GENDER feature, gender assignment and gender concord. The findings show that amount and quality of input correlate significantly with the rate of development of gender assignment. Group-level analyses on gender concord show that there is no significant difference between the L1 and the 2L1 groups and that error patterns are different in the 2L1 and cL2 groups. We conclude that while it is clear from the data that the development of gender assignment is primarily dependent on input conditions the question is more open with respect to gender concord. For concord a combination of AOA, the L1 acquisitional timetable, and input are important factors.

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The Influence of Race and Gender on Staff-Resident Interactions in Nursing Homes

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.599 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 185-185

Author(s):

Rachel McPherson ◽

Barbara Resnick ◽

Elizabeth Galik

Keyword(s):

Racial Differences ◽

Long Term Care ◽

Analysis Of Covariance ◽

Positive Interactions ◽

Term Care ◽

Race And Gender ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Gender

Abstract Communication and interactions are an integral part of care in long-term care settings. Resident variables, such as race and gender, shape communication and interaction between staff and residents. The Quality of Interactions Schedule (QuIS) was developed to measure the quality of verbal and nonverbal interactions among nursing staff and older adults initially for those in acute care and later used as well in a variety of long term care settings. A quantified measurement of the quality of interactions between residents and staff was created to quantify the QuIS. The purpose of this study was to describe the gender and racial differences in scored quality of interactions. Data for the present study was based on baseline data from the Evidence Integration Triangle for Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (EIT-4-BPSD) implementation study. A total of 535 residents from 55 settings were included in the analyses. An analysis of covariance was conducted to determine a difference in QuIS scores between males and females while controlling for age. The second model tested for differences in QuIS scores between blacks and whites while controlling for age and gender. There was not a statistically significant difference in QuIS scores between male and female residents. There was a significant difference in QuIS scores between those who were black versus white, such that those who were black received more positive interactions from staff than those who were white. Future work should focus on a deeper examination of resident factors and staff factors that may influence these interactions.

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Association of Blood and Urine Parameter Value Change With the Amount of Consumed Water Regime and Sample Sampling in Healthy Individuals

10.21203/rs.3.rs-258592/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Snezana M Jovicic

Keyword(s):

Water Intake ◽

Freezing Point ◽

Freezing Point Depression ◽

Sodium Potassium ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Urine Biomarker ◽

Concentration Changes ◽

The Difference ◽

And Gender

Abstract Background: Understanding the effect of pre-analytical factors is important for data quality of bio-specimens and health status. The study examines the effect of 9-days fluid intake and 2-time sampling on concentration changes of 7-Urine and 17-Blood variables. Material and Method: SPSS software v23.0 applies to data processing. The group of 23 healthy subjects divide based on water intake and gender. Results: A statistically significant difference(p<0.01) between 1st/2nd sampling is confirmed for Freezing point depression, Sodium, Potassium, Creatinine Urea and Urate in Urine and Urea, Urate, Glucose, Hematocrit, Thrombocyte in Blood. The difference between water intake after 1st sampling is confirmed (p<0.01) for Freezing point depression, Sodium, Urate and(p<0.05) for Potassium(p<0.05), Chloride(p<0.05), Creatinine(p<0.05), Urate, Urea in Urine and Potassium(p<0.01) and Chloride(p<0.05) in Blood. Difference between gender exists for Urea(p<0.05) in Urine after 2nd sampling and Urate(P<0.01), Glucose(p<0.01/0.05), Ht(p<0.01/0.05) after 1st and 2nd sampling and MCHC(p<0.01) after 2nd sampling in Blood samples.Conclusion: Water intake increases blood and urine biomarker range after sampling.

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Gender assignment and gender agreement in adult bilinguals and second language learners of French

Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism ◽

10.1075/lab.3.2.02kup ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 150-179 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Tanja Kupisch ◽

Deniz Akpinar ◽

Antje Stöhr

Keyword(s):

Second Language ◽

Language Learners ◽

Second Language Learners ◽

Age Of Onset ◽

Judgment Task ◽

Major Goal ◽

Gender Agreement ◽

Gender Assignment ◽

And Gender ◽

Language Context

This paper is concerned with gender marking in adult French. Four groups of subjects are compared: German-French simultaneous bilinguals (2L1ers) who grew up in France, German-French 2L1ers who grew up in Germany, advanced second language learners (L2ers) who are resident either in France or in Germany at the time of testing. The major goal of the study is to investigate whether differences in input conditions (acquisition in a minority vs. a majority language context) and differences in age of onset affect gender assignment and gender agreement in the same way or differently. Furthermore, we investigate whether successful acquisition of gender is dependent on influence from German. Two experiments, an acceptability judgment task and an elicited production task, are carried out. Results show successful acquisition of agreement in all groups. By contrast, gender assignment may be mildly affected if French is acquired in a minority language context or as an L2.

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Early child second language acquisition: French gender in German children

Bilingualism Language and Cognition ◽

10.1017/s1366728916000237 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 656-673 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

JÜRGEN M. MEISEL

Keyword(s):

Second Language Acquisition ◽

Language Acquisition ◽

Turning Point ◽

Age Of Onset ◽

Assignment Test ◽

Production Data ◽

Gender Assignment ◽

Spontaneous Production ◽

German Children ◽

French Gender

This study investigates the acquisition of grammatical gender in French by German L1 children (age of onset of acquisition (AO) 2;8-4,0). The analysis of spontaneous production data of 24 children gathered longitudinally and a gender assignment test administered to 8 of these children at ages 6;7-8;3 and to 9 children (AO 2,11-3;8) at ages 3;2-5;1 revealed that some of them resembled L1 learners whereas others behaved like adult L2 learners. The turning point is at around AO 3;6. AO is thus a crucial factor determining successive language acquisition.

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Epilepsy in Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder

Children ◽

10.3390/children6020015 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 15 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Iliyana Pacheva ◽

Ivan Ivanov ◽

Ralitsa Yordanova ◽

Katerina Gaberova ◽

Fani Galabova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Autistic Spectrum Disorder ◽

Age Of Onset ◽

Epileptic Seizures ◽

Spectrum Disorder ◽

Autistic Behavior ◽

Autistic Spectrum ◽

Eeg Abnormalities ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Detailed Medical History ◽

And Gender

The comorbidity of autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) and epilepsy has been widely discussed but many questions still remain unanswered. The aim of this study was to establish the occurrence of epilepsy among children with ASD to define the type of epileptic seizures and syndromes, the age of onset of epilepsy, EEG abnormalities, the used antiepileptic drugs and the therapeutic responses for seizures and autistic behavior, as well as to find some correlations between epilepsy and gender, etiology and intellectual disability (ID). A retrospective study of medical files of 59 patients (aged 1–18 years) with ASD during a 5-year period was performed. ASD diagnosis was based on the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. The patients were examined with a detailed medical history, physical and neurological examination, as well as some additional functional, imaging, laboratory and genetic investigations ASD etiology was syndromic in 9, probable syndromic in 9, and idiopathic in 41 children. ID was established in 90% of ASD children, and epilepsy in 44.4%. The onset of epilepsy prevailed before 7 years of age. The most common seizure types were focal with or without secondary generalization (53.4%). Focal epileptiform EEG abnormalities prevailed. Therapeutic response to seizures was good: 58% were seizure-free, while 27% had >50% seizure reduction but no improvement in autistic behavior. There was no correlation between epilepsy and either occurrence or degree of ID. There was a correlation between the frequency of epileptic seizures and the degree of ID. There was no significant difference among epilepsy rates in different etiologic, gender, and ID groups, probably because of the high percentage of ID and because this was a hospital-based study. Our study showed a significant percentage of epilepsy in ASD population and more than 1/4 were of symptomatic etiology. Those could be managed with specific treatments based on the pathophysiology of the gene defect.

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Evaluation of the Effect of Conventional Rhinoplasty with Autospreader Flap and Let-Down Technique on Nasal Functions

Facial Plastic Surgery ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1722955 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Burak Mustafa Taş ◽

Burak Erden

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Quality Of Life Scale ◽

Life Scale ◽

Sinonasal Outcome Test ◽

Group 2 ◽

And Gender ◽

Snot 22 ◽

Group 1

AbstractLet-down technique, in which high septal strip resection is performed, and conventional rhinoplasty using autospreader flaps were compared regarding nasal functions with Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) and Sinonasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22) quality-of-life scale questionnaires. A total of 54 patients who were included in the study were divided into two groups: group 1 (autospreader group; n = 27) and group 2 (let-down group; n = 27). Open technical septorhinoplasty operation using an autospreader flap was performed in group 1. Let-down rhinoplasty was applied in group 2. NOSE and SNOT-22 scales were filled for the groups in the preoperative and postoperative periods and were compared. Postoperative values were found to be significantly lower than preoperative values in both groups (p < 0.001). When the groups were compared in between, no significant difference was seen according to the scales (p > 0.05). There was also no significant difference between the groups regarding age and gender. Although there was no significant difference between the two techniques, both NOSE and SNOT-22 quality-of-life scales have shown improvement both in conventional rhinoplasty with autospreader flap and let-down technique.

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Risk Factors Related to Homicide in Moroccan Patients with Schizophrenia

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.091 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S268-S269

Author(s):

A. Kachouchi ◽

D.S. Majda ◽

D.S. Said ◽

P.A. Imane ◽

P.M. Fatiha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Age Of Onset ◽

Medication Compliance ◽

Causal Link ◽

Familial Support ◽

Significant Difference ◽

History Of ◽

Competing Interest ◽

And Gender ◽

The Relationship ◽

Moroccan Patients

BackgroundThe relationship between schizophrenia and homicide is complex and cannot be reduced to a simple causal link.ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to describe the characteristics of homicide in Moroccan patients suffering from schizophrenia and to determine the correlated socio-demographic, clinical and toxic variables.MethodsThe study included two groups of patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia who attended the “Ibn Nafis” university psychiatric hospital of Marrakech in Morocco. The first group was composed of 30 patients hospitalized for homicide in the forensic unit between the first January 2005 and the 31st of August 2015. The second group included 90 patients without any criminal record. These two groups have been matched according to age and gender. Demographic, clinical and therapeutic variables were analyzed and compared between the two groups.ResultsThe mean of age in the first group was 37.03 and in the second group was 31.4. No significant difference was found between the two groups regarding the different socio-demographic variables and the age of onset of disease. Significant difference was found between the two groups regarding: personal antecedents of attempt of homicide a (P < 0.003), personal antecedents of attempt of suicide (P < 0.001), a history of previous violence (P = 0.005), untreated psychosis before the act (P < 0.001) poor medication compliance and a low familial support (P < 0.001), antisocial behavior (P < 0.001), addictive behavior (P = 0.007).ConclusionAwareness of these factors will allow us to provide improved prevention of violence within schizophrenic subjects.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Registration of Health-Related Quality of Life in a Cohort of Patients Undergoing Cholecystectomy

ISRN Gastroenterology ◽

10.5402/2011/507389 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Simon Henry Pålsson ◽

Ib Rasmussen ◽

Patrik Lundström ◽

Johanna Österberg ◽

Gabriel Sandblom

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Short Form ◽

Bodily Pain ◽

Swedish Population ◽

Sf 36 ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Related Quality ◽

And Gender ◽

The Impact

Background. Assessment of gallstone surgery’s impact on quality of life (QoL) requires a reliable instrument with sufficient responsiveness. The instrument should also enable estimation of each individual’s expected condition in an unaffected state. Materials and Methods. The Swedish Register for Gallstone Surgery and ERCP (GallRiks) registers indications, complications, results, and QoL-outcome of gallstone surgery. In 2008, 68 hospitals were registered in GallRiks. Between 2007 and 2008, SF-36 (a short form health survey) was filled in 1-2 weeks pre- and 6–9 months postoperatively at five of the units. Expected scores were determined from an age- and gender-matched Swedish population (AGMSP). Results. Of the 330 patients, 212 responded to SF36 pre- and postoperatively (RR = 64%; 212/330). Standardized response means ranged from 0.20 to 0.93 for the SF-36 subscores. Highest responsiveness was seen for bodily pain. Preoperatively, all subscores were significantly lower than in the AGMSP (all ). Six months postoperatively, there was no significant difference between any of the observed and expected quality of life subscales. Conclusion. SF-36 is a useful instrument for measuring the impact of gallstone surgery on QoL. The postinterventional health status equalled or even exceeded the AGMSP for all subscales.

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Longer duration of breastfeeding associated with risk of developing schizophrenia

South African Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v13i2.30 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 4

Author(s):

M S Hartong ◽

P P Oosthuizen ◽

R A Emsley

Keyword(s):

Age Of Onset ◽

Essential Fatty Acids ◽

Normal Brain ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Gender ◽

Duration Of Breastfeeding ◽

Neurodevelopmental Hypothesis ◽

Normal Brain Development ◽

Structured Questionnaire

Background. Some studies have suggested that breastfeeding may be protective against the development of schizophrenia. Such a theory supports the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia. Objective. To determine whether there were differences in breastfeeding patterns between patients with schizophrenia and controls. Method. Fifty subjects with schizophrenia and 50 age- and gender-matched controls were included in the study. All subjects and their mothers were interviewed using a structured questionnaire to determine the extent of breastfeeding in infancy and age of onset of psychosis.Results. There was a significant difference in the duration of breastfeeding in patients versus controls (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Breastfeeding seems to be protective against the development of schizophrenia. This supports the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of this disorder and may be indicative of the role of essential fatty acids in normal brain development and the prevention of schizophrenia.

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Self-Compassion and Quality of Life in Adults Who Stutter

American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology ◽

10.1044/2020_ajslp-20-00055 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 2097-2108

Author(s):

Robyn L. Croft ◽

Courtney T. Byrd

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Social Connectedness ◽

The Self ◽

Future Research ◽

Self Compassion ◽

Adults Who Stutter ◽

And Gender ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify levels of self-compassion in adults who do and do not stutter and to determine whether self-compassion predicts the impact of stuttering on quality of life in adults who stutter. Method Participants included 140 adults who do and do not stutter matched for age and gender. All participants completed the Self-Compassion Scale. Adults who stutter also completed the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering. Data were analyzed for self-compassion differences between and within adults who do and do not stutter and to predict self-compassion on quality of life in adults who stutter. Results Adults who do and do not stutter exhibited no significant differences in total self-compassion, regardless of participant gender. A simple linear regression of the total self-compassion score and total Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering score showed a significant, negative linear relationship of self-compassion predicting the impact of stuttering on quality of life. Conclusions Data suggest that higher levels of self-kindness, mindfulness, and social connectedness (i.e., self-compassion) are related to reduced negative reactions to stuttering, an increased participation in daily communication situations, and an improved overall quality of life. Future research should replicate current findings and identify moderators of the self-compassion–quality of life relationship.

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