scholarly journals Sleep Characteristics According to Gender and Age Measured by Wrist Actigraphy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13213
Author(s):  
Katarína Kováčová ◽  
Katarína Stebelová
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Biological Rhythms ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Sleep Period ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Wrist Actigraphy ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
The Impact

The sleep/wake rhythm is one of the most important biological rhythms. Quality and duration of sleep change during lifetime. The aim of our study was to determine differences in sleep efficiency, movement, and fragmentation during sleep period between genders and according to age. Sleep period was monitored by wrist actigraphy under home-based conditions. Seventy-four healthy participants—47 women and 27 men participated in the study. The participants were divided by age into groups younger than 40 years and 40 years and older. Women showed lower sleep fragmentation and mobility during sleep compared to men. Younger women showed a higher actual sleep and sleep efficiency compared to older women and younger men. Younger men compared to older men had a significantly lower actual sleep, lower sleep efficiency and significantly more sleep and wake bouts. Our results confirmed differences in sleep parameters between genders and according to age. The best sleep quality was detected in young women, but gender differences were not apparent in elderly participants, suggesting the impact of sex hormones on sleep.

scholarly journals All in this together? Austerity and the gender-age gap in the 2015 and 2017 British general elections

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Sanders ◽  
Rosalind Shorrocks
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Conservative Party ◽  
Vote Choice ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Household Finances ◽  
Age Gap ◽  
General Elections ◽  
The Impact

The 2010–2015 Conservative-led Coalition’s austerity policies hit women financially harder than men. However, contrary to expectations at the time, the Conservatives still gained more support from women than men on average in the 2015 general election. We examine the impact of austerity on vote choice in the 2015 and 2017 general elections through analysis of Labour and Conservative economic policy in conjunction with data from the British Election Study’s face-to-face post-election surveys. The expectation that women should be particularly anti-austerity and thus less supportive of the Conservative Party does hold for younger women, who were especially pessimistic relative to their male peers and older age groups about their living costs, household finances, the economy, and the National Health Service in both elections. However, this does not hold for older women, who were protected by the Coalition’s policies on pensions and were more similar to men in their assessment of their economic situation.

The Working Patterns and Retirement Plans of General Dental Practitioners in a Midlands Health Authority

2002 ◽  
Vol os9 (4) ◽  
pp. 153-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Morris ◽  
Rachel Harrison ◽  
Martin Caswell ◽  
Howard Lunn
Keyword(s):  
Gender Difference ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Health Authority ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Retirement Plans ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
The Impact

Introduction With the problems of access to NHS primary dental care services in the last few years attention has focused on manpower considerations for dentistry. Materials and Method This paper presents the results of a simple survey of general dental practitioners in South Staffordshire. Results The response rate was 88%. Most dentists (76%) reported working over 30 hours a week. A small number reported working more than 50 hours a week. Woman dentists were more likely to report working fewer than 31 hours a week. Younger male dentists tended to work longer hours than older male dentists, whereas younger women dentists tended to work fewer hours than older women. The reported retirement plans suggested that around 16% of dentists in their 40s and 50s were planning to retire before 60. Conclusion The findings add weight to the view that woman dentists tend to work fewer hours but studies of cohorts are required to examine the impact of premature retirement and the reasons behind this apparent gender difference.

scholarly journals The Impact of Sleep Quality on Cognitive Functioning in Parkinson's Disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Stavitsky ◽  
Sandy Neargarder ◽  
Yelena Bogdanova ◽  
Patrick McNamara ◽  
Alice Cronin-Golomb
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Motor Symptom ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Psychomotor Function ◽  
Wrist Actigraphy ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn healthy individuals and those with insomnia, poor sleep quality is associated with decrements in performance on tests of cognition, especially executive function. Sleep disturbances and cognitive deficits are both prevalent in Parkinson's disease (PD). Sleep problems occur in over 75% of patients, with sleep fragmentation and decreased sleep efficiency being the most common sleep complaints, but their relation to cognition is unknown. We examined the association between sleep quality and cognition in PD. In 35 non-demented individuals with PD and 18 normal control adults (NC), sleep was measured using 24-hr wrist actigraphy over 7 days. Cognitive domains tested included attention and executive function, memory and psychomotor function. In both groups, poor sleep was associated with worse performance on tests of attention/executive function but not memory or psychomotor function. In the PD group, attention/executive function was predicted by sleep efficiency, whereas memory and psychomotor function were not predicted by sleep quality. Psychomotor and memory function were predicted by motor symptom severity. This study is the first to demonstrate that sleep quality in PD is significantly correlated with cognition and that it differentially impacts attention and executive function, thereby furthering our understanding of the link between sleep and cognition. (JINS, 2012, 18, 108–117)

scholarly journals Risk of Type 2 Diabetes among Osteoarthritis Patients in a Prospective Longitudinal Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mushfiqur Rahman ◽  
Jolanda Cibere ◽  
Aslam H. Anis ◽  
Charlie H. Goldsmith ◽  
Jacek A. Kopec
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Administrative Records ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Objectives. Our aim was to determine the risk of diabetes among osteoarthritis (OA) cases in a prospective longitudinal study.Methods. Administrative health records of 577,601 randomly selected individuals from British Columbia, Canada, from 1991 to 2009, were analyzed. OA and diabetes cases were identified by checking physician’s visits and hospital records. From 1991 to 1996 we documented 19,143 existing OA cases and selected one non-OA individual matched by age, sex, and year of administrative records. Poisson regression and Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to estimate the effects after adjusting for available sociodemographic and medical factors.Results. At baseline, the mean age of OA cases was 61 years and 60.5% were women. Over 12 years of mean follow-up, the incidence rate (95% CI) of diabetes was 11.2 (10.90–11.50) per 1000 person years. Adjusted RRs (95% CI) for diabetes were 1.27 (1.15–1.41), 1.21 (1.08–1.35), 1.16 (1.04–1.28), and 0.99 (0.86–1.14) for younger women (age 20–64 years), older women (age ≥ 65 years), younger men, and older men, respectively.Conclusion. Younger adults and older women with OA have increased risks of developing diabetes compared to their age-sex matched non-OA counterparts. Further studies are needed to confirm these results and to elucidate the potential mechanisms.

scholarly journals Pathways to Educational Disparities in Disability Incidence: The Contributions of Excess Body Mass Index, Smoking, and Manual Labor Involvement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarlise Townsend ◽  
Neil K Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Older Men ◽  
The United States ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Manual Labor ◽  
Educational Disparities ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Younger Men

Abstract Objectives In the United States, educational disparities in disability are large and increasing, but the mechanisms underlying them are not well understood. We estimate the proportion of population-level educational disparities in disability incidence explained by excess body mass index (BMI), smoking, and manual labor. Method We use waves 2003–2015 of the nationally representative Panel Study of Income Dynamics to calculate observed disability incidence and counterfactual incidence absent the key mediators (3,129 individuals; 13,168 observations). We take advantage of earlier-life measures, including childhood socioeconomic status, 1986 BMI, and occupational history between 1968 and 2001. To account for distinct processes in women and men at middle versus older ages, we stratify by gender and at age 65. Results Educational disparities in disability incidence were evident in women and men at younger and older ages, and were largest among older women. Together, the mediators of interest were estimated to explain roughly 60% of disparities in younger women, 65%–70% in younger men, 40% in older women, and 20%–60% in older men. The main contributors to disparities appeared to be excess BMI and smoking in younger women; manual labor and smoking in younger men; excess BMI in older women; and smoking in older men. Discussion These mediators explain much of disparities in earlier-age disability; successful interventions to address these factors may substantially reduce them. However, a considerable proportion of disparities remained unexplained, particularly at older ages, reflecting the myriad pathways by which educational attainment can influence disability status.

scholarly journals Milk choices made by women: what influences them, and does it impact on calcium intake?

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
KM Cashel ◽  
D Crawford ◽  
V Deakin
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Food Habit ◽  
Group Setting ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectiveTo identify influences on type of milk consumed and the impact of milk choice on calcium intakes in Australian women of pre- and postmenopausal age.Design and settingQuestionnaires covering calcium intake, health-related dietary issues and priorities self-completed in a group setting.SubjectsA total of 300 women recruited from community groups and government departments.ResultsMean milk and calcium intake were higher in older (≥50 years) compared to younger women. Milk provided over 50% of calcium intake for both groups. Participants rated the importance of eating foods low in fat, energy or cholesterol, high in calcium or dietary fibre or of ‘limiting their intake of added sugar or sugary foods’. Younger and older women ranked eating foods low in fat as the most important food habit for their health, then ranked dietary fibre next in importance. Calcium ranked third for younger women, and fourth for older women. These rankings were reflected in the higher proportion of older women choosing fat-reduced milk in general, and skim milk in particular. This concern about eating foods low in fat was consistent with the choices made of skim, reduced fat/higher calcium or whole milk.ConclusionsResults from this study suggest that concerns about fat are prejudicing the type of milk and amount of calcium consumed. Public health strategies targeting calcium intake need to address age-related differences in quantity and type of milk consumed, including the food attribute conflicts influencing these.

Age and gender interactions on verbal memory performance

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOEL H. KRAMER ◽  
KRISTINE YAFFE ◽  
JEANNE LENGENFELDER ◽  
DEAN C. DELIS
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Interactions

Age and gender effects on verbal episodic memory are well established. However, the possibility of interactions between age and gender has been raised by studies linking estrogen and verbal memory performance, and by research suggesting gender differences in age-related cortical atrophy. We evaluated whether age by gender interactions in verbal memory were present. Subjects within three years of the median age of menopause were excluded from a large cohort of normal subjects, resulting in a younger sample (16–47 years) of 288 men and 285 women, and an older sample (55–89 years) of 201 men and 245 women. All subjects were administered the CVLT-2, a multiple-trial list-learning task. Verbal memory was negatively correlated with age for younger men, older men, and older women, but not for younger women. Multivariate analyses indicated age by gender interactions on memory for the younger group but not the older group. Results indicate that verbal memory declines with age for younger men but not younger women, whereas both older men and older women show age-related declines. These findings are consistent with hypotheses linking estrogen and verbal memory performance, and with imaging data suggesting that age-related hippocampal atrophy is found in younger men but not younger women. The role of estrogen on cognition in normal aging warrants further study. (JINS, 2003, 9, 97–102.)

Audiences' Perceptions of Sources' Credibility in a Television Interview Setting

1996 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 579-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Engstrom
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Clothing Style ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
Television Interview ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Interview Setting

This experiment examined the differences between older and younger men and women's evaluations of differently dressed sources' credibility. 165 subjects viewed simulated interviews for television in which male and female sources dressed either conservatively or casually. Subjects then rated them according to semantic-differential scales which measured targets' competence, character, and dynamism. Subjects were categorized by age and sex. Over-all, younger women (those between the ages of 18 and 34 years) gave high ratings of competence, character, and dynamism to all sources regardless of clothing style, while older women (those 35 years and older) gave the lowest ratings. This was especially noted for their evaluations of female sources. Men, regardless of age rated all sources similarly.

scholarly journals Evening intake of alcohol, caffeine, and nicotine: night-to-night associations with sleep duration and continuity among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Sleep Study

SLEEP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine E Spadola ◽  
Na Guo ◽  
Dayna A Johnson ◽  
Tamar Sofer ◽  
Suzanne M Bertisch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Sleep Study ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Wrist Actigraphy ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
Predominantly Female

Abstract Study Objectives We examined the night-to-night associations of evening use of alcohol, caffeine, and nicotine with actigraphically estimated sleep duration, sleep efficiency, and wake after sleep onset (WASO) among a large cohort of African American adults. Methods Participants in the Jackson Heart Sleep Study underwent wrist actigraphy for an average of 6.7 nights and completed concurrent daily sleep diary assessments to record any consumption of alcohol, caffeine, and nicotine within 4 hours of bedtime. Linear mixed-effect models were fit and adjusted for age, sex, educational attainment, body mass index, depression, anxiety, stress, and having work/school the next day. Results Eligible participants (n = 785) were an average of 63.7 years (SD: 10.6), and were predominantly female (67.9%). There were 5164 days of concurrent actigraphy and sleep diary data. Evening alcohol use was associated with that night’s lower sleep efficiency (−0.98% [95% CI: −1.67% to −0.29%], p = 0.005), but not with WASO or sleep duration. Evening nicotine use was associated with that night’s lower sleep efficiency [1.74% (95% CI: −2.79 to −0.68), p = 0.001] and 6.09 minutes higher WASO ([95% CI: 0.82 to 11.35], p = 0.02), but was not associated with sleep duration. Evening caffeine use was not associated with any of the sleep parameters. Conclusion Nicotine and alcohol use within 4 hours of bedtime were associated with increased sleep fragmentation in the associated night, even after controlling for multiple potential confounders. These findings support the importance of sleep health recommendations that promote the restriction of evening alcohol and nicotine use to improve sleep continuity.

scholarly journals Intergenerational Relationships in an Economically Vulnerable Community: Findings From the Flint Women’s Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 346-346
Author(s):  
Rodlescia Sneed
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Economically Disadvantaged ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Intergenerational Relationships ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Disadvantaged Community ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Disadvantaged Communities ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Older women in economically disadvantaged communities often balance a range of relationships that present both benefits and challenges. The current study describes older women’s perceptions of the benefits and challenges of maintaining intergenerational relationships with younger women and children in their community. We used secondary data from the Flint Women’s Study, a qualitative interview project that included 60-90 minute structured interviews with 100 women who either lived or worked in the Flint, Michigan metropolitan area. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded using the belongingness theory framework. Special populations (including older women) were coded in the dataset. The main benefits of intergenerational relationships included feeling valued, social connection, and giving back to future generations. In particular, intergenerational relationships allowed older women in this economically disadvantaged community to leave behind a meaningful social legacy in the absence of a meaningful economic legacy. Despite the perceived benefits, older women had difficulty effectively forming intergenerational relationships. Many reported being naturally isolated from those of younger generations. For those who were not isolated, many cited challenges related to grandparent caregiving, which was often connected to workforce conflicts, financial burden, caring for multiple generations well into adulthood, managing grandchildren’s traumas, and a lack of technological proficiency needed to meet grandchildren’s educational needs. Participants described the impact of these challenges on older women who lived in disadvantaged communities. Future programming should consider the needs of older women in disadvantaged communities and provide resources to maximize the benefits and minimize the challenges of intergenerational relationships in this population.

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