scholarly journals Could intervention by clinics such as Primeros Pasos affect the prevalence of childhood malnutrition in the developing world?

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2263-2269
Author(s):  
Adam Seccombe ◽  
Elizabeth Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Severe Malnutrition ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Childhood Malnutrition ◽  
Child Population ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectiveGuatemala is a country severely affected by malnutrition, particularly in its child population. The present study aimed to assess the impact of recognised aetiological factors on the prevalence of malnutrition and to establish the efficacy of a Guatemalan malnutrition clinic by examining the changes in the prevalence of malnutrition in the ten surrounding communities served by the clinic.DesignRecords of children (n 7681) aged 5–16 years seen by the clinic between 2004 and 2006 were examined. Anthropometric data for each child were taken from these records and used as an indicator for their nutritional status to estimate the change in rates of malnutrition during this period.ResultsAn overall reduction was seen in all forms of malnutrition over the 3-year period, although over 50 % of the study population remained malnourished in 2006. A consistent reduction was also seen in rates of moderate and severe malnutrition, but not in rates of mild malnutrition.ConclusionsThe results demonstrate that clinics such as Primeros Pasos can have a beneficial effect on schoolchildren, particularly those who are severely malnourished. A need has been highlighted for more research in this area, particularly how clinics such as Primeros Pasos can be best used in the fight against malnutrition.

scholarly journals Assessment of Malnutrition in Cirrhotic Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mushtaque Ahmad Rana ◽  
Mohammad Abu Faisal ◽  
Mohammad Enamul Karim ◽  
Abu Raihan Siddique ◽  
Dewan Saifuddin Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Severe Malnutrition ◽  
Group A ◽  
Malnourished Patient ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients ◽  
Anthropometric Assessment

Malnutrition is a common but frequently overlooked problem among patients with cirrhosis of liver. Malnourished cirrhotic patients have a higher rate of complications and an overall increased mortality. Identifying these patients is of great clinical importance. This study was carried out to assess nutritional status of cirrhotic patients to identify those who are malnourished and to see the relationship between severity of liver disease and malnutrition. 105 patients were selected by purposive type sampling. Nutritional status was assessed by 3 anthropometric assessment tools- body mass index (BMI), mid upper arm muscle circumference (MAMC) and triceps skin fold thickness (TST). Severity of liver disease was assessed by Child-Pugh (CP) score. Severe malnutrition was defined as MAMC and TST <5th percentile, calculated from standard tables, and as BMI <16. Among 105 patients 18, 49 and 38 were of Child-Pugh group (CP group) A, B and C respectively. Anthropometric assessment revealed that, when assessed by MAMC 63% of the study population were severely malnourished. Based on MAMC, severe malnutrition was present in 39%, 63% and 73% patients in CP group A, B and C, respectively (P<0.05). So, percentage of severely malnourished patient increased with the increase in severity of liver disease. Based on TST, 28%, 34% and 50% patients were severely malnourished in CP-A, CP-B and in CP-C (p>0.05) respectively which showed a trend similar to that by MAMC. Whereas, based on BMI, 0%, 8% and 2% patients were severely malnourished respectively (p>0.05). It showed a decrease in the percentage of severely malnourished patient in CP group C than in CP group B. In this study, nutritional assessment by TST and MAMC revealed that severe malnutrition was common in our study population and assessment by MAMC showed a statistically significant association of severity of liver disease with severe malnutrition.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(2) 2016 p.189-194

scholarly journals Impact of malnutrition on the relationship between obesity and mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Cespon Fernandez ◽  
E Abu-Assi ◽  
A Lizancos Castro ◽  
J.A Parada Barcia ◽  
C Barreiro Pardal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Severe Malnutrition ◽  
Systemic Embolism ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Introduction A protective effect of obesity has been previously reported in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) – the so-called `obesity paradox”. Nutritional status could behave as a confounding factor, but there are no studies that analyze the interaction of malnutrition in the relationship between obesity and mortality in AF patients. Aim The objective of this study was to determine the impact of nutritional status on the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and mortality in AF patients. Methods A retrospective, multicenter, population-based cohort study of patients with diagnosis of AF from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2017, in Vigo, Spain, was conducted. We created three separate groups according to BMI (normal-weight, overweight, and obesity) and three separate cohorts based on nutritional status according to CONUT score (good nutrition, mild malnutrition, and moderate-severe malnutrition). The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes included embolic events (systemic embolism and stroke) and major bleeding. A combined endpoint of mortality, embolic and haemorrhagic events was assessed (clinical net outcome). Results A total of 14,849 AF patients aged ≥75 years (75.6±10.3 years, 50.9% women) were followed-up during 44.4±1.8 years. Overweight and obesity was observed in 42.6% and 46.0%, respectively, whereas malnutrition was observed in 34.3%. Malnutrition rates were lower as BMI increased: from 48.1% in patients with underweight, to 36.8%, 35.1% and 33.0% in patients with normal weight, overweight, and obesity, respectively (p-value &lt;0.001 for the trend). BMI was inversely associated with mortality (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.95–0.97; p&lt;0.001) in the univariate analysis; however, this association was lost when adjusted analysis by nutritional status was performed (HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.99–1.00; p=0.285). Thus, neither overweight nor obesity were predictors of mortality nor net outcome when we adjusted by nutritional status: after stratifying for presence of malnutrition, survival of patients with a BMI&gt;25 kg/m2 was similar to that of patients with BMI ≤25 kg/m2. Regarding to nutritional status, both mild and moderate-severe malnutrition were associated with higher rates of mortality, stroke/systemic embolism and bleeding in all BMI groups (normal-weight, overweight and obesity). In this real-world observational study, we have assessed the interaction of nutritional status in the association between BMI and prognosis of AF patients. We concluded that 1) Malnutrition is common in AF patients, even among patients with overweight and obesity; 2) Malnutrition is a strong predictor of mortality in patients with AF; and 3) BMI was not associated with worse prognosis after adjusting for nutritional status. Conclusion The analysis of a large population of AF patients showed that the association between improved mortality and obesity/overweight is confounded by malnutrition status. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None. Impact of nutrition status and weight Clinical outcomes in different groups

scholarly journals Effect of anthelmintic treatment on serum free IGF-1 and IGFBP-3: a cluster-randomized-controlled trial in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farid Kurniawan ◽  
Dicky L. Tahapary ◽  
Karin de Ruiter ◽  
Em Yunir ◽  
Nienke R. Biermasz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Helminth Infection ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Igfbp 3

Abstract In children, soil-transmitted helminth infections have been linked to poor nutritional status and growth retardation in association with lower levels of IGF-1. In adults, IGF-1 has an anabolic and metabolic function and is related to nutritional status. Here, we assessed the impact of helminth infection on free IGF-1 and its major binding protein, IGFBP-3, in adults. The levels of IGF-1 and IGFBP3 were measured in 1669 subjects aged ≥ 16 years, before and after receiving four rounds of albendazole 400 mg/day or matching placebo for three consecutive days. Helminth infection status was assessed by microscopy (Kato-Katz) and PCR. Serum free IGF-1 level was significantly lower in helminth-infected subjects [mean difference and 95% CI − 0.068 (− 0.103; − 0.033), P < 0.001 after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, and fasting insulin level]. There was no difference in IGFBP-3 level between helminth infected versus non-infected subjects. In the whole study population, albendazole treatment significantly increased serum free IGF-1 level [estimate and 95% CI 0.031 (0.004; − 0.057), P = 0.024] whereas no effect was found on the IGFBP-3 level. Our study showed that helminth infection in adults is associated with lower free IGF-1 levels but not with IGFBP-3 and albendazole treatment significantly increases free IGF-1 levels in the study population. Clinical Trial Registration: https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN75636394.

scholarly journals Low Levels of Pyrazinamide and Ethambutol in Children with Tuberculosis and Impact of Age, Nutritional Status, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Graham ◽  
D. J. Bell ◽  
S. Nyirongo ◽  
R. Hartkoorn ◽  
S. A. Ward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Severe Malnutrition ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Studies ◽  
Drug Levels ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Recent pharmacokinetic studies that included children found that serum drug levels were low compared to those of adults for whom the same dosages were used. This study aimed to characterize the pharmacokinetics of pyrazinamide and ethambutol in Malawian children and to examine the impact of age, nutritional status, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We conducted a pharmacokinetic study of children treated for tuberculosis with thrice-weekly pyrazinamide (n = 27; mean age, 5.7 years) and of a separate group of children treated with thrice-weekly ethambutol (n = 18; mean age, 5.5 years) as portions of tablets according to national guidelines. Malnutrition and HIV infection were common in both groups. Blood samples were taken just prior to oral administration of the first dose, and subsequent samples were taken at intervals of 2, 3, 4, 7, 24, and 48 h after drug administration. Serum drug levels were low in all children for both drugs; in almost all cases, the maximum concentration of the drug in serum (C max) failed to reach the MIC for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The C max of pyrazinamide was significantly lower in younger children (<5 years) than in older children. The C max of pyrazinamide was also lower for HIV-infected children and children with severe malnutrition, but these differences did not reach statistical significance. No differences were found for ethambutol in relation to age, HIV infection, or malnutrition, but the C max was <2 mg/liter in all cases. Studies of pharmacokinetic parameters and clinical outcomes obtained by using higher dosages of drugs for treatment of childhood tuberculosis are needed, and recommended dosages may need to be increased.

scholarly journals Nutritional Status of Children Seeking Medical Treatment in a Rural Hospital in Ilam District, Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-220
Author(s):  
C Paneru ◽  
SM George
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Community Hospital ◽  
Severe Malnutrition ◽  
National Data ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Severe Stunting ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Childhood Malnutrition ◽  
Moderate Malnutrition ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children

Introduction: Childhood malnutrition is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in children under five years in Nepal. There is evidence to show that childhood malnutrition varies from region to region, within Nepal. But there is no data available about nutritional status of children in the 75 districts in Nepal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status of children less than five years of age in Ilam district. Material and Methods: We analysed the anthropometric data for the children of Ilam district who visited Dr. Megh Bahadur Parajuli Community Hospital in Ilam district. Results: Our data showed that 15.7% of girls and 21.2% of boys under-five years suffered from moderate malnutrition. Severe malnutrition was present in 6.7% of girls and 9.6% of boys. Stunting was seen in 32.6% girls and 30.16% boys. Moderate stunting was present in 19.6% of girls and 19% of boys; while severe stunting was present in 11% of the boys and 13% of the girls. Conclusion: Our data shows that stunting among under-fives in Ilam is less as compared to that reported for Nepal, but underweight is comparable to the national data. However, a systematic study needs to be carried out in Ilam before drawing firm conclusions. J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(3):207-215-220 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i3.10737

scholarly journals Mortality, length of hospital stay, and nutritional status improvement in severely malnourished children with HIV infection in a tertiary center

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 362
Author(s):  
Yoga Devaera
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Severe Malnutrition ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Tertiary Center ◽  
The Impact

Background Severe malnutrition contributes to child mortalityrates, especially in children under five HIV infection further increases the risk of death.Objective To evaluate the impact of HIV infection on mortality,length of hospital stay and improvement of nutritional status inseverely malnourished inpatients under five Methods This retrospective study included children aged less than5 years and admitted to a terti ary hospital for severe malnutrition.We excluded those with incomplete data, as well as thosetransferred to other hospitals or discharged against medical advice.Outcome measures were live/death status, length of hospital stayand improvement of nutritional status (weight gain and improvedweight􀁀for􀁀height Z score).Results Of 104 eligible patients, 97 were included as studysubjects. Their mean ages were 25.8 (SD 17.3) months forHIY-infected children and 16.3 (SD 15.3) months for HIYuninfectedchildren. Death occurred in 31.8% and 18.7% ofHIV􀁀infected and uninfected subjects, respectively. Medianlength of hospital stay was 14.5 (range 5􀁀51) days and 11(range 1􀁀99) days, respectively. There were no statisticallysignificant differences in between the two groups. Weight􀁀for􀁀height Z scores (WHZ) onadmission and discharge in HIV􀁀infected children were lowerthan those of uninfected children, but the weight gain (medianweight gain of 0.45 (-0.26 to 1.9) kg vs 0.38 (-0.81 to 2.2) kgin HIV􀁀infected and uninfected children, respectively) andimprovement of WHZ [1 (SD 1.1) vs 0.9 (SD 1), respectively]were similar.Conc l usion Severely malnourished children with HIVinfection had higher mortality rate, and longer hospitalizationsthan the uninfected group, although the differences were notstatistically signific ant. They also had lower mean WHZ scoresat admission and discharge, butnutritionalimprovement wassimilar to those who were HIV􀁀negative. [Paediatr Indones.2012;52:362-6].

Zinc Depletion Increases Readmission in Older Patients: An Example of Interactions Between Nutrition and Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salah Gariballa ◽  
Awad Alessa
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Prognostic Indicators ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Poor Nutrition

Abstract. Background: ill health may lead to poor nutrition and poor nutrition to ill health, so identifying priorities for management still remains a challenge. The aim of this report is to present data on the impact of plasma zinc (Zn) depletion on important health outcomes after adjusting for other poor prognostic indicators in hospitalised patients. Methods: Hospitalised acutely ill older patients who were part of a large randomised controlled trial had their nutritional status assessed using anthropometric, hematological and biochemical data. Plasma Zn concentrations were measured at baseline, 6 weeks and at 6 months using inductively- coupled plasma spectroscopy method. Other clinical outcome measures of health were also measured. Results: A total of 345 patients assessed at baseline, 133 at 6 weeks and 163 at 6 months. At baseline 254 (74%) patients had a plasma Zn concentration below 10.71 μmol/L indicating biochemical depletion. The figures at 6 weeks and 6 months were 86 (65%) and 114 (70%) patients respectively. After adjusting for age, co-morbidity, nutritional status and tissue inflammation measured using CRP, only muscle mass and serum albumin showed significant and independent effects on plasma Zn concentrations. The risk of non-elective readmission in the 6-months follow up period was significantly lower in patients with normal Zn concentrations compared with those diagnosed with Zn depletion (adjusted hazard ratio 0.62 (95% CI: 0.38 to 0.99), p = 0.047. Conclusions: Zn depletion is common and associated with increased risk of readmission in acutely-ill older patients, however, the influence of underlying comorbidity on these results can not excluded.

The Impact of Internal Work Environment on the Retention of Healthcare Providers at Turaif General Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1183-1199
Author(s):  
Mohammed Alrouili ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Professional Growth ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Internal Work ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

This study attempted to identify the impact of internal work environment on the retention of healthcare providers at Turaif General Hospital in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In particular, the study aimed to identify the dimensions of work circumstances, compensation, and relationship with colleagues, professional growth, and the level of healthcare providers’ retention. In order to achieve the study goals, the researcher used the descriptive analytical approach. The researcher used the questionnaire as the study tool. The study population comprised all the healthcare providers at Turaif General Hospital. Questionnaires were distributed to the entire study sample that consisted of 220 individuals. The number of questionnaires valid for study was 183 questionnaires. The research findings were as follows: the participants’ estimate of the work circumstances dimension was high (3.64), the participants’ estimate of the compensation dimension was moderate (3.32), the participants’ estimate of the relationship with colleagues dimension was high (3.62), the participants’ estimate of the professional growth dimension was weak (2.39), and the participants’ estimate of healthcare providers’ retention level was intermediate (2.75). Accordingly, the researcher’s major recommendations are: the need to create the right atmosphere for personnel in hospitals, the interest of the hospital to provide the appropriate conditions for the staff in terms of the physical and moral aspects for building the work adjustment in the staff, and conducting training courses and educational lectures for personnel in hospitals on how to cope with the work pressures.

Te inf uence of ergonomic factors on the formation of occupational risk of health disorders of agricultural machine operators

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 400-405
Author(s):  
Tamara A. Novikova ◽  
Aleksey N. Danilov ◽  
Vladimir F. Spirin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Functional Condition ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Agricultural Machine ◽  
Machine Operators ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Space Layout ◽  
Combine Harvesters ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. T e leading place in the structure of occupational morbidity of agricultural machine operators is occupied by vertebroneurological diseases, the development of which can be associated with the impact of ergonomic factors of labor activity. T e aim of the study is to assess the ergonomic factors of working conditions on mobile agricultural machinery and to identify their impact on the formation of health disorders of agricultural machine operators. Materials and methods. Complex physiological and ergonomic researches at operation of tractors and combine harvesters of old samples of domestic production including an assessment of the organization of workplaces on compliance to requirements of ergonomics and anthropometric data of workers, temporary, statodynamic, biomechanical characteristics of working poses and movements, a functional condition of machine operators (130 people aged 20–45 years with professional experience of work not less than three years) in dynamics of a work shift are carried out. Anthropometric studies were conducted among male machine operators (663 people) aged 18–59 years and with experience in the profession for more than three years. Results. The discrepancy between the size and space-layout parameters of workplaces ergonomic requirements and anthropometric data of machine operators, causing the formation of uncomfortable working positions, increasing physical activity and the severity of the labor process. A high degree of correlation between changes in the parameters of the neuromuscular system and the severity of the discrepancy between the ergonomic parameters of anthropometric characteristics of machine operators (r=0,7). T e results of the research allowed to determine the priority measures for the prevention of vertebroneurological diseases in agricultural machine operators. Conclusions. T e organization of workplaces on domestic tractors and combine harvesters of old samples does not meet the ergonomic requirements and anthropometric data of machine operators, which is the reason for the formation of an uncomfortable working posture, increased statodynamic physical activity, early development of fatigue and fatigue in the process, which can cause the development of pathological conditions of the spine and ligamentous apparatus. Ergonomic improvement of workplaces is one of the priority measures to preserve the health of agricultural machine operators.

Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) dan Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan dengan Pengungkapan Anti Korupsi sebagai Variabel Moderasi

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arief Hidayatullah Khamainy ◽  
Dessy Novitasari Laras Asih
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Csr Disclosure ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Impact

The research was carried out to find the influence of training material and methods of training toward workability. The study was conducted respectively from an employee of PD BPR Bantul Yogyakarta. The purpose of this research is expected to be useful for stakeholders in seeing CSR disclosure in the company in testing and analyzing its effect on the company's financial performance and with the presence of anti-corruption exposure, whether it will strengthen the impact of CSR disclosure on the company's financial performance. The study population in this study were all mining companies registered on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2018 with a total of 63 companies. The research sample was taken using a random sampling technique that was calculated by the Slovin formula so that 54 samples were obtained for analysis. Linear Regression Analysis and Moderation Regression Analysis were chosen as the analysis technique used in this study. The results show that CSR disclosure does not affect the company's financial performance, and anti-corruption disclosure does not affect the relationship between the two.

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