scholarly journals Geographic distribution and socio-economic determinants of women's nutritional status in Mali households

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1575-1585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constance A Gewa ◽  
Timothy F Leslie ◽  
Lisa R Pawloski
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Iodized Salt ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Geographic Variations ◽  
North East

AbstractObjectiveMali is one of the poorest countries in Africa, with 72 % of its population surviving on less than $US 1·00 per day. Health and demographic indicators are bleak. With few exceptions, studies related to the health of women in Mali have largely been under-represented. In addition, in recent years a new type of malnutrition stemming from weight gain and obesity has been observed throughout Africa. The present study aimed to (i) describe geographic and health variations of women of reproductive age, (ii) describe geographic variations of household salt iodine levels and (iii) investigate potential factors associated with women's anthropometric status and use of adequately iodized salt among households in Mali.DesignDemographic and Health Survey data, multistage-stratified cluster sampling methodology.SettingRural and urban areas of Mali.SubjectsNon-pregnant women (n 6015) between the ages of 19 and 44 years.ResultsNineteen per cent of the women were overweight or obese while 11 % were underweight. Seventy-eight per cent of the households utilized adequately iodized salt. Underweight women were more prevalent in southern Mali, while obesity was more frequent in the north-east and within the major urban areas. Households located within the southern parts of Mali were more likely to utilize adequately iodized salt. Education, age, modern contraceptive use, breast-feeding status at time of the survey and household wealth index were significantly associated with the women's BMI or households’ use of adequately iodized salt.ConclusionsThe combined use of statistical and geographic system analysis contributes to improve targeting of interventions among vulnerable populations.

scholarly journals Child Nutrition Among Circular Migrant Families Working in the Brick Kilns of Bihar, India (P10-052-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reshma Roshania ◽  
Rakesh Giri ◽  
Melissa Fox Young ◽  
G Sai Mala ◽  
Amy Webb Girard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Brick Kilns ◽  
Migrant Families

Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of child malnutrition and the determinants of nutrition status among circular migrant families working in the brick industry in Bihar, India, focusing on differences by origin. Methods We used a stratified, cluster sampling design consisting of a cross-sectional survey in 552 randomly selected brick kilns (clusters) throughout Bihar. Circular migration was defined as residence outside the home block for at least 60 days for employment plus at least one home return in the previous year. Per kiln, three circular migrant households with children 0–35 months of age were randomly selected. We collected kiln, household and child-level data including anthropometric measurements for each selected child (n = 1198). Descriptive, bivariate and logistic regression analyses were conducted in SAS. The primary outcomes were stunting (<-2 SD height-for-age z score) and wasting (<-2 SD weight-for-height z score). The primary exposure of interest was intrastate vs. interstate origin; covariates included household wealth index, parity of the mother, and child age and gender. Results Prevalence of stunting was lower among interstate migrants (47%) compared to intrastate migrants (55%, aOR: 0.66, 95%CI: 0.50–0.88). Wasting was higher among interstate migrants (43%) compared to intrastate migrants (34%, aOR:1.51, 95%CI: 1.17–1.94). Among children 6–23 months, 13% had a minimum acceptable diet; MAD was higher among interstate migrants (17%), compared to intrastate migrants (10%) (P = 0.014). Full immunization coverage among circular migrants was 39%, lower than the overall state (62%, NFHS IV). Open defecation was reported by over 90% of circular migrants. Conclusions Our results are likely to inform the ongoing policy discourse on circular migrants’ access to health and nutrition benefits. State of origin emerged as an important predictor of nutrition status, operating differently for acute and chronic malnutrition; we will further explore pathways of nutrition by origin in future analyses. Funding Sources Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

scholarly journals Does the Frequency of Watching Television Matters on Overweight and Obesity among Reproductive Age Women in Ethiopia?

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ahmed ◽  
Abdu Seid ◽  
Adnan Kemal
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reproductive Age Women

Background. Studies in developed countries have revealed an association of different magnitudes between watching television and the risk of being overweight and obese among reproductive age women. Even so, there is no evidence of such an association in the context of the Ethiopian population. Hence, the study aimed to assess the association between watching television with overweight and obesity in a nationally representative sample of Ethiopian women. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted by using secondary data analysis from 2016 Ethiopia demographic and health survey among women aged from 15 to 49 years. The samples were selected using a two-stage stratified cluster sampling technique. A total of 10,074 women were included in the analysis. The outcome variables were both overweight and obesity, whereas the main exposure variable was the frequency of watching television. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed for adjusting potential confounders. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals was used to declare a statistically significant association. Results. The study found that watching television at least once a week was significantly associated with both overweight (AOR: 1.79; 95% CI: 1.20–2.73) and obesity (AOR: 3.76; 95% CI: 2.04–6.95). The study also divulged that the odds of overweight were higher among women aged 25–39 years (AOR: 2.17; 95% CI: 1.25–3.77) and 40–49 years (AOR: 2.69; 95% CI: 1.45–5.00), urban residents (AOR: 1.76; 95% CI:1.17–2.65), attended higher education (AOR:2.11; 95% CI: 1.22–3.65), and richest in the wealth index (AOR: 2.83; 95% CI:1.71–4.68). Similarly, the odds of obesity were higher among women aged 25–39 years and 40–49 years, attended higher education, and the richest in wealth index. Conclusions. The results from this study demonstrated that watching television at least once a week is associated with obesity among reproductive age women in Ethiopia. Therefore, a social behavioral change communication campaign needs to be taken to improve awareness regarding the harmful consequences of watching television for long hours. Further research studies should be conducted among men and adolescents to determine whether this positive association exists among that target population as well.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing the Prevalence of Stunting Among Children Aged Below Five Years in Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haribondhu Sarma ◽  
Jahidur Rahman Khan ◽  
Mohammad Asaduzzaman ◽  
Fakhar Uddin ◽  
Sayeeda Tarannum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Public Health Programs ◽  
Food Insecure Households ◽  
Adjusted Model ◽  
Socioeconomic And Demographic Factors

Background: Poor nutrition during childhood impedes physical and mental development of children, which propagate the vicious cycle of intergenerational under nutrition. This paper is aimed at understanding the determinants of stunting among children aged 0 to 59 months in Bangladesh. Methods: The study used Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2011 data and a multistage stratified cluster-sampling design. Anthropometric data (for height and weight) were collected and analysis was limited to 7647 children. Multiple binary logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association of stunting with potential socioeconomic and demographic factors. Results: The prevalence of stunting has been found to be about 41% among children aged less than 60 months and higher in rural setting than in urban areas (43% vs 36%). Adjusted model revealed that several factors were influencing stunting. The children living in moderately food-insecure households had higher odds of becoming stunted (odds ratio [OR] = 1.27, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05-1.54, P = .01) compared to the children living in food-secure households. The derived ORs of stunting for children delivered at institutions facilitated particularly by public (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.67-0.96; P = .02) or private (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.67-0.97; P = .02) sectors were less than for children delivered at home. Similarly, wealth index, exposure of mother to the mass media, age of child, size of child at birth, and parents’ education were significantly associated with stunting. Conclusions: Moreover, the demographic characteristics and other indicators appeared to have significant influence in the prevalence of stunting. Public health programs are needed to avert the risk factors of stunting among children in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Undernutrition among Kenyan children: contribution of child, maternal and household factors

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1029-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constance A Gewa ◽  
Nanette Yandell
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Birth Size ◽  
Age At First Birth ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Child Undernutrition ◽  
Household Factors

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the contribution of selected child-, maternal- and household-related factors to child undernutrition across two different age groups of Kenyan under-5s.DesignDemographic and Health Survey data, multistage stratified cluster sampling methodology.SettingRural and urban areas of Kenya.SubjectsA total of 1851 children between the ages of 0 and 24 months and 1942 children between the ages of 25 and 59 months in Kenya.ResultsThirty per cent of the younger children were stunted, 13 % were underweight and 8 % were wasted. Forty per cent of the older children were stunted, 17 % were underweight and 4 % were wasted. Longer breast-feeding duration, small birth size, childhood diarrhoea and/or cough, poor maternal nutritional status and urban residence were associated with higher odds of at least one form of undernutrition, while female gender, large birth size, up-to-date immunization, higher maternal age at first birth, BMI and education level at the time of the survey and higher household wealth were each associated with lower odds of at least one form of undernutrition among Kenyan children. The more proximal child factors had the strongest impact on the younger group of children while the intermediate and more distal maternal and household factors had the strongest impact on child undernutrition among the older group of children.ConclusionsThe present analysis identifies determinants of undernutrition among two age groups of Kenyan pre-school children and demonstrates that the contribution of child, maternal and household factors on children's nutritional status varies with children's age.

scholarly journals Variations in modern contraceptive uptake and its correlates in South West and North East Nigeria: a comparative analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 2852
Author(s):  
Funmilola F. Oyinlola ◽  
Samson O. Bamiwuye ◽  
Stephen A. Adebowale ◽  
Opeyemi O. Ekundayo ◽  
Benjamin B. Ilesanmi
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
North East ◽  
South West ◽  
Living Children ◽  
Contraceptive Uptake

Background: Family planning programs are implemented specifically to address the sexual and reproductive health challenges of women of childbearing age but these interventions are yet to address regional differences in modern contraceptive usage in Nigeria. Hence, this study aimed to examine correlates of modern contraceptive uptake in South West and North Eastern, Nigeria.Methods: A cross-sectional survey data for women aged 15-49 years was extracted from Nigeria demographic and health surveys 2018 (NDHS). Data analyses were based on a weighted sample of 10,907 (North East= 5406 and South West = 5501) women of reproductive age. The outcome variable was modern contraceptive use. The main explanatory variables were age, employment status, religion, Number of living children, education, and marital status. Frequency distribution, Chi-square test, and binary logistic regression were used for data analysis (α=0.05).Results: The result showed the mean age of women of reproductive age in South West and North East to be 32years and 30 years respectively. More women in South West used modern contraceptive than women in North East. About 91.5% and 75.8% of women in North East and South West respectively did not used any modern method. The result showed that, in the South West, number of living children (OR:4.06, CI: 2.794-5.921), education (OR:1.35, CI: 1.045-1.754) and wealth index (OR:1.77, CI: 1.053-2.973) increased the odds of contraceptive uptake, while maternal age (OR:0.52, CI: 0.282-0.965), religion (OR:0.25, CI: 0.184-0.347) and place of residence (OR:0.68, CI: 0.504-0.916) significantly reduced the odds of modern contraceptive uptake in North East.Conclusions: This study concludes that there are regional variations in uptake and predictors of modern contraceptives use in Nigeria. Therefore, sexual and reproductive health interventions that considers the study’s significant variables should be put in place to increase uptake.

scholarly journals High national and sub-national coverage of iodised salt in India: evidence from the first National Iodine and Salt Intake Survey (NISI) 2014–2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 3027-3036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandrakant S Pandav ◽  
Kapil Yadav ◽  
Harshal R Salve ◽  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
Akhil D Goel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Iodised Salt ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty Index ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
North East ◽  
Salt Iodine

AbstractObjectiveThe National Iodine and Salt Intake Survey (NISI) 2014–2015 was undertaken to estimate household iodised salt coverage at national and sub-national levels in India.DesignCross-sectional survey with multistage stratified random sampling.SettingIndia was divided into six geographic zones (South, West, Central, North, East and North-East) and each zone was further stratified into rural and urban areas to yield twelve distinct survey strata.SubjectsThe target respondent from each household was selected as per predefined priority; wife of the household head, followed by women of reproductive age, followed by any adult available during the visit.ResultsHouseholds (n5717) were surveyed and salt samples (n5682) were analysed. Household coverage of iodised salt (iodine≥5 ppm) was 91·7 (95 % CI 91·0, 92·7) %. Adequately iodised salt (iodine≥15 ppm) was consumed in 77·5 (95 % CI 76·4, 78·6) % of households. Significant differences in coverage were seen across six geographic regions, with North and North-East zones on the verge of achieving the universal salt iodisation target of >90 % coverage. Coverage of households with adequately iodised salt (adjusted OR; 95 % CI) was significantly less in rural households (0·55; 0·47, 0·64), lower/backward castes (0·84; 0·72, 0·98), deprived households (0·72; 0·61, 0·85) as assessed by multidimensional poverty index, households with non-diverse diet (0·73; 0·62, 0·86) and households using non-packaged salt (0·48; 0·39, 0·59) and non-refined salt (0·17; 0·15, 0·20).ConclusionsIndia is within striking reach of achieving universal salt iodisation. However, significant differentials by rural/urban, zonal and socio-economic indicators exist, warranting accelerated efforts and targeted interventions for high-risk groups.

scholarly journals Rural-Urban Disparities in the Acceptance and Adoption of Family Planning among Couples in Oyo State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-47
Author(s):  
Stella Akinso
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Rural And Urban

Modern contraceptive use can enhance the living standard and reduce mortality among people living in rural and urban areas. However, contraceptive use tends to be low in the rural than the urban populace. A descriptive, cross-sectional study of systematic sampling technique was used to select 570 persons of reproductive age in the rural and urban communities of Oyo State. A semi-structured questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude and factors influencing uptake of modern contraceptives was administered to respondents. of the 570 respondents, the mean age was 34.3 ±8.4 years. The majority (63.3%) were female compared to 36.7% male respondents. Most (97.0%) of respondents had heard of family planning in the past. The result shows significant differences in location, gender, marital status, occupation, ethnicity, and a number of children (P<0.001). The majority (33.3%) of the respondents sourced family planning information from health care providers, while 31.3% sourced theirs from mass media – Radio, TV, or newspapers. Respondents in urban areas were currently using family planning methods than respondents in rural areas (61.8% vs. 38.2%). People in the urban area are 2.344 times the odds of utilizing any family planning compared to people in rural area (95% CI 1.495, 3.676). Urban and rural disposition to modern contraception services is influenced by economic, socio-cultural, environmental factors, location, age, educational, traditional beliefs, religion, family type, and level of knowledge. Although some signs of progress have been made in family planning at the communities, more work needs to be done. Men need to be actively involved, and other fears about family planning addressed. Keywords: Acceptance, Disparity, Family Planning, Rural, Urban.

scholarly journals Complex Samples Logistic Regression Analysis of Predictors of the Use of Modern Contraceptives Among Married or In-Union Women in Ethiopia.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senait Cherie Adegeh ◽  
Dereje Tesfaye Zike
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Complex Samples ◽  
Modern Contraceptives ◽  
Working Status

Abstract Background: Modern contraceptive use by currently married Ethiopian women has steadily increased over the last 15 years. The main objective of this study was to identify the magnitude and predictors of current use of modern contraceptives among married or in-union women aged (15-49) in Ethiopia using complex sampling. Methods: The study used data from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS, 2016) dataset. In the study a total number of 7,346 married or in-union women age 15-49 in Ethiopia were included. The current use of modern contraceptives among reproductive-age married or in-union women in Ethiopia, measured as ‘Yes’ (currently using a modern method) and ‘No’(using a folkloric method, traditional method, and no method) is considered as a dependent variable. Complex samples binary logistic regression was performed to examine the importance of each explanatory variables using SPSS version 23, and statistical significance was attached at p=0.05. Results: The study found that age 40–44 years (AOR = 2.064), wealth index Middle (AOR = 1.553); Rich (AOR =1.71), working status yes (AOR = 1.279), and sexual activity in the last 4 weeks active in the last 4 weeks (AOR=3.614) were highly significantly associated with current use of modern contraceptive. Conclusion: The variables age, religion, residence, region, wealth status, husband desire for children, women's working status, sexual activity in the last 4 weeks, and total number of children ever born were statistically significant predictors for the current use of modern contraceptives among married or in union women in Ethiopia.

scholarly journals The urban–rural differential in the association between household wealth index and anemia among women in reproductive age in Ethiopia, 2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teshager Weldegiorgis Abate ◽  
Biruk Getahun ◽  
Mekuriaw Mesfin Birhan ◽  
Getasew Mulatu Aknaw ◽  
Sefealem Assefa Belay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Urban Rural

Abstract Background Anemia is more prevalent among women, and it is a moderate public health problem in Ethiopia. The wealth status and place of residence of a woman have implications on the intervention of anemia. Studies that examined the relationship between women’s wealth index status and residency in Ethiopia are scarce. We aimed to identify the urban–rural differential in the association between household wealth index and anemia among women of childbearing age in Ethiopia. Method A cross-sectional design was employed with a nationally representative sample of 14,100 women aged 15–49-year-old from the Ethiopian demographic and health survey conducted in 2016. We used the two-stage sampling method to select the sample size. The primary outcome was anemia in women of childbearing age. A hemoglobin level of below 11 g/dl for pregnant women and 12 g/dl for non-pregnant women was the indicator of anemia. Using a three-level random intercept model to explore associated factors at the individual and household levels quantified the observed and unobserved variations between household wealth index and residence on anemia. Results Women belonging to a lower household wealth index category were more anemic (29.6%) than those middle and above wealth index categories. Women who lived in rural areas (25.5%) were prone to anemia than those who lived in urban areas (17.5%). The odds of anemia were significantly higher in women of the low household wealth category who living in rural compared to women of the middle and above household wealth category who living in urban (AOR = 1.37, 95% CI 1.14–1.65, P < 0.001). Conclusion In this study, anemia is more common among women who live in rural with the low house wealth category. Therefore, novel public health interventions should target women who live in rural areas with the lowest household wealth status.

scholarly journals Factors Associated With Undernutrition Among 20 to 49 Year Old Women in Uganda: A Secondary Analysis of the Uganda Demographic Health Survey 2016

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quraish Sserwanja ◽  
David Mukunya ◽  
Theogene Habumugisha ◽  
Linet M. Mutisya ◽  
Robert Tuke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Obstetric Outcomes ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Maternal Undernutrition

Abstract Background Women are at risk of undernutrition due to biological, socio-economic, and cultural factors. Undernourished women have higher risk of poor obstetric outcomes. We aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with undernutrition among women of reproductive age in Uganda.Methods We used Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS) 2016 data of 4,640 women aged 20 to 49 years excluding pregnant and post-menopausal women. Multistage stratified sampling was used to select study participants and data were collected using validated questionnaires. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine factors associated with underweight and stunting among 20 to 49 year old women in Uganda.Results The prevalence of underweight and stunting were 6.9% (n = 4640) and 1.3% (n = 4640) respectively. Women who belonged to the poorest wealth quintile (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 3.60, 95% CI 1.85–7.00) were more likely to be underweight compared to those who belonged to the richest wealth quintile. Women residing in rural areas were less likely to be underweight (AOR 0.63, 95%CI 0.41–0.96) compared to women in urban areas. Women in Western (AOR 0.30, 95% CI 0.20–0.44), Eastern (AOR 0.42, 95% CI 0.28–0.63) and Central regions (AOR 0.42, 95% CI 0.25–0.72) were less likely to be underweight compared to those in the Northern region. Women belonging to Central (AOR 4.37, 95% CI 1.44–13.20) and Western (AOR 4.77, 95% CI 1.28–17.78) regions were more likely to be stunted compared to those in the Northern region.Conclusion The present study showed wealth index, place of residence and region to be associated with undernutrition among 20 to 49 year old women in Uganda. There is need to address socio-economic determinants of maternal undernutrition mainly poverty and regional inequalities.

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