scholarly journals Undernutrition among Kenyan children: contribution of child, maternal and household factors

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1029-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constance A Gewa ◽  
Nanette Yandell
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Birth Size ◽  
Age At First Birth ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Child Undernutrition ◽  
Household Factors

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the contribution of selected child-, maternal- and household-related factors to child undernutrition across two different age groups of Kenyan under-5s.DesignDemographic and Health Survey data, multistage stratified cluster sampling methodology.SettingRural and urban areas of Kenya.SubjectsA total of 1851 children between the ages of 0 and 24 months and 1942 children between the ages of 25 and 59 months in Kenya.ResultsThirty per cent of the younger children were stunted, 13 % were underweight and 8 % were wasted. Forty per cent of the older children were stunted, 17 % were underweight and 4 % were wasted. Longer breast-feeding duration, small birth size, childhood diarrhoea and/or cough, poor maternal nutritional status and urban residence were associated with higher odds of at least one form of undernutrition, while female gender, large birth size, up-to-date immunization, higher maternal age at first birth, BMI and education level at the time of the survey and higher household wealth were each associated with lower odds of at least one form of undernutrition among Kenyan children. The more proximal child factors had the strongest impact on the younger group of children while the intermediate and more distal maternal and household factors had the strongest impact on child undernutrition among the older group of children.ConclusionsThe present analysis identifies determinants of undernutrition among two age groups of Kenyan pre-school children and demonstrates that the contribution of child, maternal and household factors on children's nutritional status varies with children's age.

scholarly journals Urban-Rural Differences in Nutritional Status and Dietary Intakes of School-Aged Children in Cambodia

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Horiuchi ◽  
Kaoru Kusama ◽  
Sar Kanha ◽  
Nobuo Yoshiike ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Urban Rural

: This study aimed to describe the nutritional status and dietary patterns of Cambodian school-aged children compared with those in the South East Asian Nutrition Survey (SEANUTS; Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam in 2011) and to clarify the urban-rural differences using data from a nationally representative sample. The survey was conducted in 2014/2015 with a sample of 2020 children aged 6–17 years from 136 randomly selected schools. Standardized anthropometric measurements and a 1-day dietary survey by 24-hour recall method were conducted. Extended analyses in the present study revealed that the difference between rural and urban areas was similar to that of the SEANUTS; the overall prevalence of stunting remained high (33.2%). Stunting was more prevalent in children living in rural areas than in those in urban areas (total: 36.4% vs 20.4%). In contrast, the overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was not as high (3.1%), but was higher among urban children in all age groups compared with those living in rural areas (total: 6.4% vs 2.3%). Overall, the dietary intake of children did not meet the local recommended dietary allowances, which was similar to the results of the SEANUTS and differed across urban and rural areas.

Nutritional status and its health-related factors among older adults in rural and urban areas

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su-Hui Chen ◽  
Hsin-Yi Cheng ◽  
Yeu-Hui Chuang ◽  
Jung-Hua Shao
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Health Related

scholarly journals Geographic distribution and socio-economic determinants of women's nutritional status in Mali households

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1575-1585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constance A Gewa ◽  
Timothy F Leslie ◽  
Lisa R Pawloski
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Iodized Salt ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Geographic Variations ◽  
North East

AbstractObjectiveMali is one of the poorest countries in Africa, with 72 % of its population surviving on less than $US 1·00 per day. Health and demographic indicators are bleak. With few exceptions, studies related to the health of women in Mali have largely been under-represented. In addition, in recent years a new type of malnutrition stemming from weight gain and obesity has been observed throughout Africa. The present study aimed to (i) describe geographic and health variations of women of reproductive age, (ii) describe geographic variations of household salt iodine levels and (iii) investigate potential factors associated with women's anthropometric status and use of adequately iodized salt among households in Mali.DesignDemographic and Health Survey data, multistage-stratified cluster sampling methodology.SettingRural and urban areas of Mali.SubjectsNon-pregnant women (n 6015) between the ages of 19 and 44 years.ResultsNineteen per cent of the women were overweight or obese while 11 % were underweight. Seventy-eight per cent of the households utilized adequately iodized salt. Underweight women were more prevalent in southern Mali, while obesity was more frequent in the north-east and within the major urban areas. Households located within the southern parts of Mali were more likely to utilize adequately iodized salt. Education, age, modern contraceptive use, breast-feeding status at time of the survey and household wealth index were significantly associated with the women's BMI or households’ use of adequately iodized salt.ConclusionsThe combined use of statistical and geographic system analysis contributes to improve targeting of interventions among vulnerable populations.

Determinants of late adolescent nutritional status in Indonesia: a nation-wide cross-sectional survey

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Ny Wedarthani Achintya Amrita ◽  
Ni Wayan Arya Utami ◽  
Kadek Tresna Adhi
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Late Adolescents ◽  
Late Adolescent ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Study Results

Purpose This study aims to examine determinants of underweight and overweight nutritional status among late adolescents in Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional analysis of the 2015 Indonesian Family Life Survey 5 (IFLS-5) was conducted. Respondents for this study were selected through stratified and multistage random sampling. Of all IFLS-5 respondents, 2,791 were adolescents 18–24 years old. Multinomial logistic regression was applied to identify major determinants of nutritional status among late adolescents. Findings The prevalence of underweight and overweight nutritional status was 19.10% and 12.79%, respectively. Underweight status among late adolescents was strongly associated with smoking (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.29–2.33). Moreover, living in urban areas showed the strongest association with overweight status among the same group (AOR = 1.77, 95%CI = 1.29–2.44). Research limitations/implications This study gained the advantage from the use of national data that are collected by trained enumerators. Therefore, the possibility of bias is very small, and the study results can be generalized to a late adolescent group in Indonesia. However, this study also has limitations in the types of data available, as it uses secondary data. The lack of detailed data regarding food security, frequency of food consumption in a month and sources of income of the adolescents limit the interpretation of the study. Further studies should consider using a retrospective cohort approach in all adolescent age groups using data from the IFLS-1 to IFLS-5 so that the temporal relationship of the multifactorial nutrition variables can be identified. Practical implications Provide input and advice to policymakers in all sectors related to adolescent health and educational curricula for consideration in making interventions that focus on improving nutrition by taking into account the characteristics of adolescents, such as smoking habits, area of residence, income and age of adolescents because nutritional problems are multifactorial. Social implications This study can provide education to adolescents to create healthier consumption habits to reduce non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in the adult phase, ideal body weight, reduce unhealthy lifestyles (smoking, drinking alcohol and drugs) and increase self-esteem and reduce depression. Originality/value This study brings significant findings on the dominant determinant of nutritional status among late adolescents in Indonesia and their vulnerability to NCDs. To address the high prevalence of underweight and overweight nutritional status in Indonesia, a collaboration between smoking cessation, community nutrition and reproductive health programs is required for preventing the underweight nutritional status in adolescents, with a focus on obesity prevention for adolescents living in urban areas. It is expected that this collaboration will support the early prevention of NCD risks.

scholarly journals Senior-friendly urban information system – identification of a problem

Management ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-258
Author(s):  
Jacek Szołtysek
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
City Council ◽  
City Management ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
City Population ◽  
City Space

Abstract Senior-friendly urban information system - case study Increasing urban population, ageing and growing importance of the elderly - those are three independent trends which are currently observed in urban areas. Place of a senior person within society is changing. Overlapping with above trends is inefficient city management as a consequence of growing and denser city population in big agglomerations. It is a common practice that seniors are perceived as second-class citizens. This is reflected by city politics which overlooks measures facilitating day-to-day existence of the elderly in urban space to the benefit of younger generations. City council is allocated a predetermined budget to cater for needs of various age groups. Those resources should be split in a just way, equally between all citizen groups. The evidence the city governing body is doing just that is assurance of mobility to all groups - including seniors. Bearing in mind their health, fitness, access to infrastructure should be facilitated by customising urban information systems to fit perception of the elderly. This way city management shapes city space, thus providing the space in question with new functions, enabling new bahaviours within the framework of the space that has been available so far. Creating a new system of urban information is therefore a management related problem that has to be dealt with taking city related factors into consideration. Decision makers have to solve a conflict that is observed between different groups of interest.

scholarly journals Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2: An age-stratified, population-based, seroepidemiological survey in Islamabad, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirza Amir Baig ◽  
Jamil Ahmed Ansari ◽  
Aamer Ikram ◽  
Mumtaz Ali Khan ◽  
Muhammad Salman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Co Morbidity

Introduction: Serological surveys are valuable tools to evaluate the extent of disease transmission, measuring preventive effectiveness and proportion of asymptomatic individuals. This age-stratified, serological survey was aimed to measure the COVID-19 distribution and determinants in district Islamabad of Pakistan. Methodology: Three-stage cluster sampling, using population proportionate to size technique, starting with a random number was used. A structured, pretested questionnaire was used after taking informed written consent, to gather demographic, risk factor information. Results: Seroprevalence was found 16.5% (AR: 16.5%/100,000). The mean age was 35 (sd:16 Years). The majority were male (64%), self-employed (29%), and had primary level education (33%). The highest seroprevalence was found in the 21-30 years age group (24.8%) while the 41-50 years age group showed the highest attack rate (112.9/100,000 population). The proportion of the population tested that were asymptomatic was 69% (n=711) while the most frequently reported sign/symptom was cough (99%) followed by fever (20%). No known co-morbidity was reported in 86% (n=884) of respondents while hypertension remained the most reported condition (8%). High seroprevalence was observed in urban areas (12.3%) compared to rural union councils (6.4%). Visiting a house where COVID-19 case was isolated (OR 2, CI 1.38-2.84, P< 0.001), history of contact with a known case of COVID-19 (OR 1.42, CI 1.11-1.82, P=0.005), and attending a mass gathering (OR 1.21, CI: 1.02-1.42, p=0.02) were significant risk factors associated with contracting an infection. A Chi-Square test of independence showed significant protection while using regular hand hygiene practices (6.5; p<0.05) and regular usage of face masks (8.6; p<0.05). Conclusion: Seroprevalence gives a direct estimation of population groups exposed to the virus. A remarkable difference in prevalence is found in urban and rural areas, extreme age groups, and socioeconomic statuses, suggesting targeted public health interventions. Sero-studies are affordable counterparts of molecular testing where quick estimation, prevention effectiveness, and data-driven public health policies are priorities.

scholarly journals Childhood overweight and obesity among Kenyan pre-school children: association with maternal and early child nutritional factors

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 496-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constance A Gewa
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Childhood Overweight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Maternal Overweight

AbstractObjectiveTo report on the prevalence of overweight and obesity among pre-school children in Kenya and examine the associations between childhood overweight and selected maternal and child-related factors.DesignDemographic Health Survey data, multistage stratified cluster sampling methodology.SettingRural and urban areas of Kenya.SubjectsA total of 1495 children between the ages of 3 and 5 years in Kenya.ResultsOver 30 % of the children were stunted, approximately 16 % were underweight, 4 % were wasted, approximately 18 % were overweight and 4 % were obese; 8 % were both overweight/obese and stunted. Maternal overweight and obesity, higher levels of maternal education, being a large or very large child at birth, and being stunted were each associated with higher odds of overweight and obesity among Kenyan children. Older children and large household size were each associated with lower odds of overweight and obesity among Kenyan children.ConclusionsThe analysis demonstrates the presence of under- and overnutrition among Kenyan pre-school children and the importance of focusing on expanding efforts to prevent and treat malnutrition within this population. It also identifies some of the modifiable factors that can be targeted in these efforts.

Wrist circumference as a novel predictor of obesity in children and adolescents: the CASPIAN-IV study

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 717-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gita Shafiee ◽  
Mostafa Qorbani ◽  
Ramin Heshmat ◽  
Shirin Djalalinia ◽  
Mohammad Esmaeil Motlagh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Optimal Cutoff ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Wrist Circumference ◽  
Cutoff Points

Abstract Background Recent studies have discussed the application of wrist circumference as an easy-to-use predictor of general and abdominal obesity. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the association of wrist circumference with generalized and abdominal obesity and to determine its sex- and age-specific optimal cutoff points in association with generalized and abdominal obesity in a national sample of pediatric population. Methods This nationwide survey was conducted among 14,880 students, aged 6–18 years, selected through a multistage, random cluster sampling method from rural and urban areas of 30 provinces in Iran from 2011 to 2012. Anthropometric indices (weight, height, wrist circumference, waist circumference [WC], hip circumference [HC]) were measured by standard protocols using calibrated instruments. Body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. By considering the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves, we evaluated the association of wrist circumference with obesity indices and determined its sex- and age-specific optimal cutoff points in association with obesity. AUC: 0.5, AUC: 0.5–0.65 and AUC: 0.65–1.0 were interpreted as equal to chance, moderately and highly accurate tests, respectively. Results Overall, 13,486 children and adolescents with a mean age of 12.47±3.36 years completed the study (participation rate of 90.6%). In both genders, wrist circumference had a significant correlation with anthropometric measures including weight, height, BMI, WC, HC and WHtR. In all age groups and both genders, wrist circumference performed relatively well in classifying individuals into overweight (AUC: 0.67–0.75, p<0.001), generalized obesity (AUC: 0.81–0.85, p<0.001) and abdominal obesity (AUC: 0.82–0.87, p<0.001). Conclusions Wrist circumference is suggested to be a useful index for assessing excess weight in the pediatric age group. Its easy measurement without the need of calculation ratios might make it as a routine measurement in daily clinical practice and in large epidemiological studies.

scholarly journals Geographic and Socioeconomic Disparities in Nutritional Status of Women in Pakistan: Secondary Analysis from Pakistan National Nutrition Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamran Sadiq ◽  
Bushra Mahmood ◽  
Sumra Kureishy ◽  
Shabina Ariff ◽  
Ghulam Mustafa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Nutrition Survey

Abstract Background: Pakistan is experiencing a rapid nutrition transition with a shift from underweight to overweight and obesity. This paper will examine the role of household socioeconomic position (SEP), community SEP and urbanicity on the nutritional status (underweight, overweight and obesity) of Pakistani women. Methods: We analysed data on 34,391 women aged ≥20 years enrolled in 2011 National Nutritional Survey of Pakistan (NNS). The NNS is a nationally representative survey employing a multistage stratified cluster sampling design. We assessed household SEP through a wealth index constructed using items from household possessions, utilities and housing conditions. We assessed the relationship of urbanicity, household and community SEP with categories of body mass index (BMI) using multinomial logistic regression where normal BMI (18.6-22.5 kg/m 2 ) was the reference category. Results: Overall, 15% of women were underweight (BMI<18.5 kg/m 2 ), 14% were pre-overweight (BMI 23.00-24.9 kg/m 2 ), 22% were overweight (BMI 25.0-29.99 kg/m 2 ) and 12% were obese (BMI≥30.0 kg/m 2 ). Households with higher SEP were associated with increased levels of overweight-1 (aOR: 2.91; 95%CI: 2.41-3.50), overweight-2 (aOR: 4.15; 95%CI: 3.31-5.19) and obesity (aOR: 6.20; 95%CI: 4.92-7.81) among women. Women were more likely to be obese in major urban (aOR: 2.34; 95%CI: 2.02-2.71) and urban (aOR: 1.84; 95%CI: 1.62-2.09) areas compared to rural areas. At the community level, communities in rural areas were more likely to have higher levels of underweight, while communities in urban areas were more likely to have higher levels of obesity. Furthermore, the likelihood of underweight and overweight women coexisting within the same community was low in major urban (r=0.67), urban (r=0.55) and rural (r=0.54) areas. Conclusions: In Pakistan, overweight and obesity among women is associated with urbanicity and household and community SEP. Women living in urban areas with high household and community SEP were associated with higher levels of overweight and obesity. Our findings suggest the importance of interventions targeting undernutrition in rural areas and overnutrition in urban areas.

scholarly journals 0909 Sleep Duraion And Related Factors Amongchinese Children: Across-sectional Studyabstract

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A345-A346
Author(s):  
T Jun
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sleep Loss ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Short Sleep Duration ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Male Age ◽  
Sleep Habit ◽  
Multi Stage

Abstract Introduction It is known short sleep duration adversely affects children’s behavior and physical development. Sleep duration and sleep habit vary substantially in children with different ages, areas and races. However, our understanding on the sleep duration in Chinese children remains limited. The present study investigated the status of sleep durations in Chinese children and explored factors related to sleep loss. Methods A randomized, stratified, multi-stage cluster sampling method encompassed 11420 children in 25 schools from 7 districts in Beijing. Children aged 3 to 14 years were included, and their parents were invited to fill sleep habit related questionnaires about the performance of the last 3 months. Results The final cohort included 4736 boys and 4462 girls with a mean age of 8.8±3.8 years. The mean sleep duration of children ≥12 years of age was 9.4h, which was significantly lower than those &lt; 12 years old (9.7h); this was in agreement with the trend of sleep durations of weekdays. On weekends and holidays, the sleep duration was approximately 10h for most children and similar in all age groups. Gender (male), age (≥12-year group), overweight, and suburban residence were significantly correlated with sleep loss in children (p&lt; 0.001). A significantly high proportion of children with sleep loss displayed sleepiness during sitting and reading (19.1%), in the car (31.4%), in the afternoon (20.7%), and after lunch (17.5%). Conclusion The sleep duration reduced significantly in children ≥12 years of age as compared to younger children in Beijing. Factors such as gender (male), age (≥12-year group), overweight, and suburban residence are related to sleep loss. Children ≥12 years of age older with sleep loss were likely to experience daytime sleepiness. Support This work was supported by Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Project grant (Z161100000116050 and Z161100003216212) and Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Clinical Technology Innovation Project grant (XMLX201701). .

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