scholarly journals Widening socio-economic disparities in early childhood obesity in Los Angeles County after the Great Recession

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 2301-2310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tabashir Z Nobari ◽  
Shannon E Whaley ◽  
Catherine M Crespi ◽  
Michael L Prelip ◽  
May C Wang
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Economic Disparities ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Low Income Children ◽  
Neighbourhood Level

AbstractObjectiveWhile economic crises can increase socio-economic disparities in health, little is known about the impact of the 2008–09 Great Recession on obesity prevalence among children, especially low-income children. The present study examined whether socio-economic disparities in obesity among children of pre-school age participating in a federal nutrition assistance programme have changed since the recession.DesignA pre–post observational study using administrative data of pre-school-aged programme participants from 2003 to 2014. Logistic regression was used to examine whether the relationship between obesity prevalence (BMI≥95th percentile of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s growth charts) and three measures of socio-economic status (household income, household educational attainment, neighbourhood-level median household income) changed after the recession by examining the interaction between each socio-economic status measure and a 5-year time-period variable (2003–07 v. 2010–14), stratified by child’s age and adjusted for child’s sociodemographic characteristics.SettingLos Angeles County, California, USA.SubjectsChildren aged 2–4 years (n 1 637 788) participating in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children.ResultsThe magnitude of the association of household income and household education with obesity increased after 2008–09 among 3- and 4-year-olds and 2- and 3-year-olds, respectively. However, the magnitude of the association of neighbourhood-level median household income with obesity did not change after 2008–09.ConclusionsDisparities in obesity by household-level socio-economic status widened after the recession, while disparities by neighbourhood-level socio-economic status remained the same. The widening household-level socio-economic disparities suggest that obesity prevention efforts should target the most vulnerable low-income children.

scholarly journals Trends in Socioeconomic Disparities in Obesity Prevalence among Low-Income Children Aged 2–4 Years in Los Angeles County, 2003–2014

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 248-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tabashir Z. Nobari ◽  
Shannon E. Whaley ◽  
Michael L. Prelip ◽  
Catherine M. Crespi ◽  
May C. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Socioeconomic Disparities ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Low Income Children

Who are the High Hospital Users? A Canadian Case Study

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noralou Roos ◽  
Charles Burchill ◽  
Keumhee Carriere
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Health Care Use ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Patterns Of Use ◽  
Household Incomes ◽  
Hospital Days

Objectives: Researchers have taken two different approaches to understanding high use of hospital services, one focusing on the large proportion of services used by a small minority and a second focusing on the poor health status and high hospital use of the poor. This work attempts to bridge these two widely researched approaches to understanding health care use. Methods: Administrative data from Winnipeg, Manitoba covering all hospitalizations in 1995 were combined with public use Census measures of socio-economic status (neighbourhood household income). High users were defined as the 1% of the population who spent the most days in hospital in 1995 ( n = 6487 hospital users out of population of 648 715 including non-users). Results: One per cent of the Winnipeg population consumed 69% of the hospital days in 1995. Thirty-one per cent of the highest users were among the 20% of residents of neighbourhoods with the lowest household incomes, and 10% of the highest users were among the 20% from neighbourhoods with the highest household incomes. However, on most other dimensions, including gender, age, average days in hospital, average admissions, percentage who died in hospital and diagnostic reasons for being hospitalized, the similarities between high users, regardless of their socio-economic group, were striking. Conclusions: The lower the socio-economic status, the more likely an individual is to make high demands on hospitals. However, patterns of use as well as the diseases and accidents that produce high use among residents of low income neighbourhoods are not much different from those that produce high use among residents of high income neighbourhoods.

scholarly journals Neighbourhood-level risk factors of COVID-19 incidence and mortality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor van Ingen ◽  
Samantha Akingbola ◽  
Kevin A. Brown ◽  
Nick Daneman ◽  
Sarah A. Buchan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Housing Characteristics ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Neighbourhood Level ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

AbstractBackgroundRacialized and low income communities face disproportionally high rates of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infection and death. However, data on inequities in COVID-19 across granular categories of socio-demographic characteristics is more sparse.MethodsNeighbourhood-level counts of COVID-19 cases and deaths in Ontario, Canada recorded as of July 28th, 2020 were extracted from provincial and local reportable infectious disease surveillance systems. Associations between COVID-19 incidence and mortality and 18 neighbourhood-level measures of immigration, race, housing and socio-economic characteristics were estimated with Poisson generalized linear mixed models. Housing characteristic variables were subsequently added to models to explore if housing may have a confounding influence on the relationships between immigration, race, and socio-economic status and COVID-19 incidence.ResultsThere were large inequities in COVID-19 incidence and mortality across the socio-demographic variables examined. Neighbourhoods having a higher proportion immigrants, racialized populations, large households and low socio-economic status were associated with COVID-19 risk. Adjusting for housing characteristics, especially unsuitably crowded housing, attenuated COVID-19 risks. However persistent risk remained for neighbourhoods having high proportions of immigrants, racialized populations, and proportion of Black, Latin American, and South Asian residents.ConclusionsSocio-demographic factors account for some of the neighbourhood-level differences in COVID-19 across Ontario. Housing characteristics account for a portion, but not all, of the excess burden of COVID-19 experienced by immigrant, racialized, low income and low education populations.

scholarly journals Analysis and Study of the Socio Economic and Nutritional Status of Farmers Selected Under DST- SARTHI Project of District Hoshiarpur, Punjab

2021 ◽  
pp. 399-407
Author(s):  
R. K. Dubey ◽  
Rajveer Kaur ◽  
Ravi Deepika ◽  
T. S. Dhillon
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Intervention Period ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Nutrition Intake ◽  
The Difference

The present study was carried out in the department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana under DST- SARTHI project, New Delhi to analyse the socio economic and nutritional status of beneficiaries selected under the project. Moreover, nutritional status of farmers recorded to also assess the association between FVS, DDS and socioeconomic status at household level. The Data on vegetable production, selling, buying and socio-economic status were collected using questionnaire developed by PAU Ludhiana. A total 100 beneficiaries from three landholding categories viz small (<5 acre), medium (5-10 acre) and large (>10 acres) in Hoshiarpur were selected. The data have been collected to check the difference in the nutrition intake of beneficiaries during the interventional period and before the intervention. Correlation of both years (before and during intervention) calculated as 0.892243. It is concluded that the previous year diet was not healthier integration of both quality and quantity in the scores but both scores (DDS& FVS) increased during intervention period through DST Project.

scholarly journals Women pay their way on income contingent student debt

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 937-956
Author(s):  
Tracey West
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Student Debt ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Pay Gap ◽  
The Past ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Gender Lens

Does the gender pay gap affect women’s ability to repay their student debt? This study investigates the extent to which an income contingent scheme benefits women because of their individual earnings. Using the Australian Household, Income, and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey, gender differences in debt repayment behaviour over the past two decades was examined. The regression model comprised interaction terms including risk-averse, low socio-economic status, low wealth and low income. The industries where the majority of women are employed – education and health – were also examined. It was found that over 2002–2014, women generally had less student debt than men, but those who were low income carried more debt. This is the first study to include an analysis of student debt by industry through a gender lens. Given the increasing amount of student debt Australians are carrying, it is important for policymakers to pay attention to its effects to ensure fairness and equity.

The Employment Disadvantage of Mothers: Evidence for Systemic Discrimination

2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya Carney
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Career Paths ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
High Status ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Systemic Discrimination ◽  
Ideal Worker ◽  
Worker Behaviour

When their need to provide care and their need for paid employment are equally important, mothers try to combine both roles, often through part time employment, or to stagger these competing needs by taking employment breaks. Using data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics of Australia (HILDA) Survey1 this article analyses the resulting detriments to the ability of mothers to continue career paths across the occupational spectrum. Analysis of this data is used to argue that employment disadvantage is generated by mothers' inability to conform to `ideal worker' behaviour and therefore can be construed as `systemic discrimination'. Norms of `ideal' behaviour are shown to be stronger in occupations of high status and as a result mothers are at a greater risk of becoming excluded from employment within these occupations. Further, 26 percent of Australian working mothers will experience occupational exclusion, an event where further employment is secured only by moving down the occupational hierarchy to jobs of lower socio-economic status.

scholarly journals Emotional triggering and low socio-economic status as determinants of depression following acute coronary syndrome

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1857-1866 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Steptoe ◽  
G. J. Molloy ◽  
N. Messerly-Bürgy ◽  
A. Wikman ◽  
G. Randall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Emotional Stress ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Acute Emotional Stress ◽  
Increased Risk

BackgroundThe determinants of depression following acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are poorly understood. Triggering of ACS by emotional stress and low socio-economic status (SES) are predictors of adverse outcomes. We therefore investigated whether emotional triggering and low SES predict depression and anxiety following ACS.MethodThis prospective observational clinical cohort study involved 298 patients with clinically verified ACS. Emotional stress was assessed for the 2 h before symptom onset and compared with the equivalent period 24 h earlier using case-crossover methods. SES was defined by household income and education. Depression was measured with the Beck Depression Inventory and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and anxiety with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale 3 weeks after ACS and again at 6 and 12 months. Age, gender, ethnicity, marital status, the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events risk score, duration of hospital stay and history of depression were included as covariates.ResultsEmotional stress during the 2-h hazard period was associated with increased risk of ACS (odds ratio 1.88, 95% confidence interval 1.01–3.61). Both low income and emotional triggering predicted depression and anxiety at 3 weeks and 6/12 months independently of covariates. The two factors interacted, with the greatest depression and anxiety in lower income patients who experienced acute emotional stress. Education was not related to depression.ConclusionsPatients who experience acute emotional stress during their ACS and are lower SES as defined by current affluence and access to resources are particularly vulnerable to subsequent depression and anxiety.

scholarly journals Socio-economic status and extent of adoption of climate resilient technologies in the Eastern Plain Zone of Uttar Pradesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (AAEBSSD) ◽  
pp. 281-286
Author(s):  
S. R. Devegowda ◽  
Saket Kushwaha ◽  
P. S. Badal
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Socio Economic Status

The study focused on extent of adoption of climate resilient technologies and socioeconomic status of the farmers in the eastern plain zone of Uttar Pradesh. Data collected from flood and usar affected blocks of Varanasi and Chandauli subjected to analysis. High adoption of climate resilient technologies noticed followed by low and medium adoption. Farmers belonged to middle age and young age adopted climate resilient technologies more compare to old age farmers. Illiterates adopted less compare primary and secondary educated farmers, where they adopted more. Nuclear family constituted more in high and low adoption groups similar pattern followed in joint family. Among all groups of adoption, the medium family size accounted for the most adoptions, followed by the medium and big family sizes. Low income was predominant among farmers of all groups whereas high adopted farmers had higher income than medium and low adopted farmers. The majority of the farmers had medium farming experience, which affected positively on adoption more than high and low experience, low adopted farmers having less expertise. Farmers with a high extension contact used more climate resilient technology.

scholarly journals Severe housing-cost burden and obesity among preschool-aged low-income children in Los Angeles County

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 139-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tabashir Z. Nobari ◽  
Shannon E. Whaley ◽  
Evelyn Blumenberg ◽  
Michael L. Prelip ◽  
May C. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Housing Cost ◽  
Cost Burden ◽  
Low Income Children ◽  
Housing Cost Burden

scholarly journals Sociocultural, economic and ethnic homogeneity in residential mobility and spatial sorting among couples

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 891-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter van Gent ◽  
Marjolijn Das ◽  
Sako Musterd
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Large N ◽  
Spatial Sorting ◽  
Neighbourhood Level ◽  
Mobility Behaviour ◽  
Sociocultural Characteristics ◽  
Distribution Of Income

This study aims to advance the spatial conceptualization of ‘social homophily’ by relating the match, or mismatch, between a household’s social and sociocultural characteristics and the characteristics of the neighbourhood of residence to the probability of moving away from that neighbourhood. Three matching dimensions were investigated: economic status, ethnic background and sociocultural disposition. This paper’s focus is on the sociocultural dimension because this has not been included extensively in large-scale research so far. Initially we investigate how level of education at the household level interacts with education composition at the neighbourhood level. To further investigate the sociocultural dimension, we then include the share of each partner’s income in the total household income in our analyses. Based on the spatial literature at the intersections of class, gender and family, we assume that, together with higher education, the intra-household distribution of income reflects a broader set of sociocultural values. We make use of large- N register data to analyse the residential and mobility behaviour of all registered stable couples in the four largest Dutch urban regions between 2008 and 2009. Our analyses indicate that the degree to which a household ‘matches’ its social surroundings negatively affects its probability of leaving. This is the case for all three dimensions, with sociocultural disposition having the largest effect. The conclusion reflects on the importance of these findings for social homophily, sorting and residential segregation, and proposes directions for further research.

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