Socio-economic and cultural disparities in diet among adolescents and young adults: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 843-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucille Desbouys ◽  
Caroline Méjean ◽  
Stefaan De Henauw ◽  
Katia Castetbon
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Sweetened Beverages

AbstractObjective:To explore dietary differences according to socio-economic and sociocultural characteristics of adolescents and young adults.Design:A systematic review was conducted.Setting:The main search source was MEDLINE, consulted between January 2012 and March 2017. Quality of selected studies was assessed based on dietary measurement method, sample selection, socio-economic indicator choice and statistical modelling.Participants:Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, assessing relationships between socio-economic status and dietary intake (patterns, scores and food groups) in the 10- to 40-year-old general population of high-income countries, were selected.Results:Among the 7250 reports identified, forty were selected, seventeen of which were of high quality; their conclusions, related only to adolescents, were combined and presented. The most favourable dietary patterns, higher dietary scores, greater consumption of fruits, vegetables and dairy products, and lower consumption of sugary sweetened beverages and energy-dense foods, were associated with better parental socio-economic status, particularly in terms of higher education. Migrant status was associated with plant-based patterns, greater consumption of fruits and vegetables and of sugary sweetened beverages and energy-dense foods. For the other food groups, and for young adults, very few high-quality studies were found.Conclusions:The socio-economic gradient in adolescent diets requires confirmation by higher-grade studies of a wider set of food groups and must be extended to young adult populations. Future nutritional interventions should involve the most vulnerable adolescent populations, taking account of socio-economic status and migration.

scholarly journals Food Consumption in Adolescents and Young Adults: Age-Specific Socio-Economic and Cultural Disparities (Belgian Food Consumption Survey 2014)

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucille Desbouys ◽  
Karin De Ridder ◽  
Manon Rouche ◽  
Katia Castetbon
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Food Consumption Survey ◽  
Consumption Survey

A key issue in nutritional public health policies is to take into account social disparities behind health inequalities. The transition from adolescence toward adulthood is a critical period regarding changes in health behaviors. This study aimed to determine how consumption of four emblematic food groups (two to favor and two to limit) differed according to socio-economic and cultural characteristics of adolescents and young adults living in Belgium. Two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls were carried out in a nationally representative sample of 10–39 year old subjects (n = 1505) included in the Belgian food consumption survey 2014. Weighted daily mean consumption of “fruits and vegetables”, “whole grain bread and cereals”, “refined starchy food”, and “sugary sweetened beverages” (SSB) was calculated and explored in multivariable linear regressions stratified into four age groups. After adjustment, 10–13 year old adolescents living in less educated households daily consumed lower amounts of “fruits and vegetables” (adjusted mean: 165.6 g/day (95% CI: 125.3–206.0)) and “whole grain bread and cereals” (40.4 g/day (22.9–58.0)), and higher amounts of SSB (309.7 g/day (131.3–488.1) than adolescents of same ages living in more educated households (220.2 g/day (179.8–260.7); 59.0 g/day (40.3–77.8); and 157.8 g/day (1.7–314.0), respectively). The same trends were observed in older groups, along with strong consumption disparities according to region of residency, country of birth, and occupation, with specificities according to age. Our findings suggest the need to better explore such disparities by stage of transition to adulthood, and to adapt nutritional health programs.

scholarly journals Vegetarian Diets and Eating Disorders in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review

Children ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Theodoros N. Sergentanis ◽  
Maria-Eleni Chelmi ◽  
Andreas Liampas ◽  
Chrysanthi-Maria Yfanti ◽  
Eleni Panagouli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vegetarian Diets ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Background: Eating disorders are more common among adolescents and young adults. An increase in the rates of these disorders has been reported during the last years. Meanwhile, vegetarianism is becoming more popular in these age groups. The purpose of the present paper is to evaluate the association between eating disorders and vegetarian diets in adolescents and young adults. Methods: Systematic review of related articles published in PubMed, PsycInfo and Google Scholar up to 30 May 2019. Results: A total of 20 studies (14,391 subjects) were deemed eligible for this systematic review. The majority of the studies reported significant correlations between vegetarianism and eating disorders. However, due to the cross-sectional design, a causal link between eating disorders and vegetarian status cannot be established. Conclusions: Vegetarianism seems to be associated with eating disorders. Longitudinal studies are needed to establish temporal patterns between vegetarianism and the emergence of disordered eating.

scholarly journals Does liberalisation of cannabis policy influence levels of use in adolescents and young adults? A systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e025880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Melchior ◽  
Aurélie Nakamura ◽  
Camille Bolze ◽  
Félix Hausfater ◽  
Fabienne El Khoury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Levels Of Use ◽  
Cannabis Policy

ObjectivesTo examine the effect of cannabis policy liberalisation (decriminalisation and legalisation) levels of use in adolescents and young adults.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Inclusion criteriaIncluded studies were conducted among individuals younger than 25 years and quantitatively assessing consequences of cannabis policy change. We excluded articles: (A) exclusively based on participants older than 25 years; (B) only reporting changes in perceptions of cannabis use; (C) not including at least two measures of cannabis use; (D) not including quantitative data; and (E) reviews, letters, opinions and policy papers. PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase and Web of Science were searched through 1 March 2018.Data extraction and synthesisTwo independent readers reviewed the eligibility of titles and abstracts and read eligible articles, and four authors assessed the risk of bias (Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies). Extracted data were meta-analysed. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO.Results3438 records were identified via search terms and four via citation lists; 2312 were retained after removal of duplicates, 99 were assessed for eligibility and 41 were included in our systematic review. 13 articles examined cannabis decriminalisation, 20 examined legalisation for medical purposes and 8 examined legalisation for recreational purposes. Findings regarding the consequences of cannabis decriminalisation or legalisation for medical purposes were too heterogeneous to be meta-analysed. Our systematic review and meta-analysis suggest a small increase in cannabis use among adolescents and young adults following legalisation of cannabis for recreational purposes (standardised mean difference of 0.03, 95% CI −0.01 to –0.07). Nevertheless, studies characterised by a very low/low risk of bias showed no evidence of changes in cannabis use following policy modifications.ConclusionsCannabis policy liberalisation does not appear to result in significant changes in youths’ use, with the possible exception of legalisation for recreational purposes that requires monitoring.Trial registration numberCRD42018083950.

Sleep difficulties and alcohol use behaviors in adolescents and young adults: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Hussain ◽  
L Ling ◽  
S Stranges ◽  
K K Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Alcohol Misuse ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sleep Difficulties

Abstract Background Sleep disturbances and substance abuse are prevalent in adolescents, often associated with adverse behavioral outcomes and daytime dysfunction. While sleep problems are often seen as consequences to alcohol use, they are risk factors for alcohol misuse and related consequences. However, current evidence in adolescents and young adults (AYA) is mostly observational and is not well-documented in recent years. This systematic review aims to assess the literature surrounding sleep difficulties and their effects on subsequent alcohol misuse in AYA. Methods Medline, PsycINFO, and EMBASE were searched for observational studies assessing alcohol consumption, alcohol-related consequences, and self-reported sleep difficulties in AYA aged 16-25. Studies with clinical samples and randomized trials were excluded. Data on measurement tools, measures of association, and sample characteristics were recorded using a standardized form. Associations between sleep difficulties and alcohol misuse were qualitatively summarized by study type (cross-sectional and longitudinal studies). Risk of bias was assessed using CLARITY tools. Results Of 7706 records retrieved from databases, 24 studies met the inclusion criteria. Cross-sectional studies (n = 17) found insomnia-like symptoms (difficulties falling/staying asleep, frequent night-time awakenings) were significantly associated with alcohol use frequency and intensity (n = 16) and subsequent intoxication (n = 6). Among longitudinal studies (n = 7), persistent erratic sleep behaviors at baseline were associated with frequent binge-drinking (n = 2) and increased odds of interpersonal problems (n = 2) and risky behaviors at follow-up (n = 1). Conclusions The present review assesses the role of sleep difficulties in alcohol use behaviors and related consequences in AYA. Sleep inadequacies are involved in alcohol misuse, prompting investigations to clarify sleep's etiological role in alcohol use behaviors to prevent negative consequences in AYA. Key messages Sleep disturbances need to be investigated further as possible risk factors for incident alcohol misuse in young adults. Addressing sleep hygiene and promoting healthy sleep behaviors are important in evaluating the overarching public health issue of alcohol addiction and misuse in adolescents.

scholarly journals Energy, nutrients and food sources in snacks for adolescents and young adults

2022 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiane dos Santos Lopes ◽  
Aline Veroneze de Mello ◽  
Luana Romão Nogueira ◽  
Ana Carolina Barco Leme ◽  
Regina Mara Fisberg
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sweetened Beverages

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate associations between snacking and energy, nutrients and food source, and to identify the contribution of snacking across age, sex, weight status and lifestyle behaviors among adolescents and young adults. Methods: A sub-sample was calculated from the population-based cross-sectional study 2015-Health Survey of São Paulo (ISA-Capital). The survey “ISA-Nutrição” used a sample of non-institutionalized individuals aged >15 years. For this study, only adolescents (12-18 years old; n=418) and young adults (19-29 years old; n=218) were included. Snacks were identified, and their contribution to energy, nutrients, and food sources were calculated. Descriptive statistics and logistic regressions were used. Results: Participants experienced an average of 2.9±0.6 snacking occasions per day. Young adults consumed more energy from morning and night snacks, and adolescents, from afternoon snacks. The top three food sources on snacking contributed to 30.5% of energy: cookies (11.8%), sugar sweetened beverages (9.4%), sweets and other desserts (9.3%). Although results were non-significant, being a female (Odds Ratio [OR] 0.93; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 0.36-1.49), meeting the physical activity recommendations (OR 0.75; 95%CI 0.25-1.25), and scoring higher for the healthy eating index (OR 0.88; 95%C 0.24-1.52) were all factors related to increased intake of snacks. Alternatively, overweight individuals (OR -0.54; 95%CI -1.00 to -0.08) consumed less snacks. Conclusions: Improving the quality of snacks should be considered in behavior-change strategies.

A study on the Relationship of the weight pattern with the socioeconomic status among adolescents school going children in an Indian Metropolitan City

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 320-323
Author(s):  
Samar Hossain ◽  
Sharma Priyanka ◽  
Talib Hossain ◽  
Surendra Mohan Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Development Levels

Objective: The last two decades have witnessed an increase in health care costs due to obesity and related issues among children and adolescents. Childhood obesity is a global phenomenon affecting all socio-economic groups, irrespective of age, sex or ethnicity. The study was done to find the the prevalence of obesity and overweight and their association with socioeconomic status (SES) and the risk factors. Materials and Methods: School based cross sectional study carried out over a period of 4 months in three schools of East Delhi. The study was carried out in 629 school children of 10–18 years of age and belonging to different socioeconomic statuses in schools in East Delhi. The obesity and overweight were considered using an updated body mass index reference. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to determine the Socio-economic status and life style factors. Results: The prevalence of overweight among children was higher in middle socioeconomic status groups as compared to high socioeconomic class in both boys and girls whereas the prevalence of obesity was higher in high Socio economic status group as compared to middle socioeconomic group. The prevalence of obesity as well as overweight in low SES group was the lowest as compared to other group. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that the prevalence of overweight and obesity varies remarkably with different socioeconomic development levels.

FOOD CONSUMPTION OF CHILDREN AGED 1 TO 5 IN PHUOC VINH WARD, HUE CITY BY 24 HOURS FOOD RECORDING

2015 ◽  
pp. 153-161
Author(s):  
Thi Bach Yen Hoang ◽  
Thi Hai Pham ◽  
Dinh Tuyen Hoang ◽  
Thi Huong Le ◽  
Van Thang Vo
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Consumption Survey ◽  
Food Consumed

Food consumption survey is an essential parts of nutrition surveys. It helps to determine the type and quantity of food consumed, assessing the balance of the diet, the relationship between nutrient intake and health, diseases, and economic status, culture society... There are many methods to investigate food consumption. 24-hour food record is a method that record all food consumed by the subject during previous 24 hours. Using this method in chidren helps to assess the their diet to see if it responses the demand in order to have proper nutrition. Objectives: 1. Calculating the number of each food groups consumed within 24 hours of children 1 to 5 years in Phuoc Vinh ward, Hue City; 2. Assessing the quality of their diet and some related factors. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was implemented on 200 pairs of children aged 1 to 5 and parents or caregivers living in Phuoc Vinh ward, Hue city and some related factors. Results: 82% of the children’s diets covered 4 food groups. Prevalence of glucide, protein, lipide out of the total energy intake were 44.1%, 19.5%, 36.3% respectively within group of 12-<48 months and 50%, 19.5%, 30.6% respectively within group of 48-<72 months. Total energy and protein intake were higher than demanded (p <0.05) while glucide and lipide were lower than demanded (p <0.05). Economical status of family was significant associated with variety of food (all 4 food groups) in the diet of children (p <0.05) and total energy consumed (p <0.05). Conclusion: The children did not have proper nutrition so further research need to be implemented to have suitable interventions. Key words: 24 hours food records, children aged 1 to 5, Hue city.

scholarly journals Neuroimaging Findings in Adolescents and Young Adults with Anorexia Nervosa: A Systematic Review

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Kalliopi Kappou ◽  
Myrto Ntougia ◽  
Aikaterini Kourtesi ◽  
Eleni Panagouli ◽  
Elpis Vlachopapadopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Pubmed Central ◽  
Executive Control Network ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Weight Restoration

Background: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious, multifactorial mental disorder affecting predominantly young females. This systematic review examines neuroimaging findings in adolescents and young adults up to 24 years old, in order to explore alterations associated with disease pathophysiology. Methods: Eligible studies on structural and functional brain neuroimaging were sought systematically in PubMed, CENTRAL and EMBASE databases up to 5 October 2020. Results: Thirty-three studies were included, investigating a total of 587 patients with a current diagnosis of AN and 663 healthy controls (HC). Global and regional grey matter (GM) volume reduction as well as white matter (WM) microstructure alterations were detected. The mainly affected regions were the prefrontal, parietal and temporal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, insula, thalamus and cerebellum as well as various WM tracts such as corona radiata and superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF). Regarding functional imaging, alterations were pointed out in large-scale brain networks, such as default mode network (DMN), executive control network (ECN) and salience network (SN). Most findings appear to reverse after weight restoration. Specific limitations of neuroimaging studies in still developing individuals are also discussed. Conclusions: Structural and functional alterations are present in the early course of the disease, most of them being partially or totally reversible. Nonetheless, neuroimaging findings have been open to many biological interpretations. Thus, more studies are needed to clarify their clinical significance.

Perception of Inpatient Oncologic Rehabilitation in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults Diagnosed with Cancer in Switzerland

2020 ◽  
Vol 232 (06) ◽  
pp. 294-299
Author(s):  
Maria Otth ◽  
Sibylle Denzler ◽  
Sibylle Schmid ◽  
Birgitta Setz ◽  
Katrin Scheinemann
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Inpatient Rehabilitation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Specialized Institutions ◽  
Strobe Statement

Abstract Background Inpatient rehabilitation improves physical and psychosocial performance in childhood cancer patients and their families. Two kinds of inpatient rehabilitation are available in specialized institutions in Germany: family-oriented rehabilitation or peer group-oriented rehabilitation for adolescents and young adults (AYA). Our study aimed to find out what Swiss childhood and AYA cancer patients and their families thought about the rehabilitation programs in which they had participated. Patients and methods We conducted a questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study of Swiss childhood and AYA cancer patients and their families whose inpatient rehabilitation stays were scheduled to take place in Germany between May 2012 and March 2019. We analyzed the data descriptively and present our findings in accordance with the STROBE statement. Results Of the 57 eligible families contacted, 38 (67%) responded. Most rated the rehabilitation stay as very good (68%) or good (26%). Nearly all participants emphasized that these programs should be available to all affected patients and their families. Most (80%) thought the program gave them enough valuable information to enable them to cope with daily life after the stay ended. Only one fifth (19%) of the rehabilitation stays were fully funded by the health or disability insurance. Conclusion Participants expressed an overwhelmingly positive opinion about the rehabilitation programs they attended. We are convinced that childhood and AYA cancer patients and their families in Switzerland benefit from these programs and encourage insurances to cover the costs.

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