scholarly journals Vegetarianism and other eating practices among youth and young adults in major Canadian cities

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Vergeer ◽  
Lana Vanderlee ◽  
Christine M White ◽  
Vicki L Rynard ◽  
David Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Dietary Practices ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Dietary Practice ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Youth And Young Adults ◽  
Eating Practices

AbstractObjective:To estimate the prevalence and sociodemographic characteristics of youth and young adults in major Canadian cities with self-reported vegetarian dietary practices and examine efforts to alter their diets.Design:Data were collected in autumn 2016 via web-based surveys. Respondents reported vegetarian dietary practices (vegan, vegetarian or pescatarian) and efforts in the preceding year to consume more or less of several nutrients, food groups and/or foods with particular attributes. Logistic regression models examined sociodemographic correlates of each vegetarian dietary practice and differences in other eating practices by diet type.Setting:Participants were recruited from five major Canadian cities.Participants:Youth and young adults, aged 16–30 years (n 2566).Results:Overall, 13·6 % of respondents reported vegetarian dietary practices: 6·6 % vegetarian, 4·5 % pescatarian and 2·5 % vegan. Sex, race/ethnicity, self-reported frequency of using the Nutrition Facts table and health literacy were significantly correlated with self-reported vegetarian dietary practice (P < 0·01 for all). Efforts to consume more fruits and vegetables (66·8 %) and protein (54·8 %), and less sugar (61·3 %) and processed foods (54·7 %), were prevalent overall. Respondents with vegetarian dietary practices were more likely to report efforts to consume fewer carbohydrates and animal products, and more organic, locally produced, ethically sourced/sustainably sourced/fair trade and non-GM foods (P < 0·01 for all), compared with those without these reported dietary practices.Conclusions:Nearly 14 % of the sampled youth and young adults in major Canadian cities reported vegetarian dietary practices and may be especially likely to value and engage in behaviours related to health-conscious diets and sustainable food production.

Socio-economic and cultural disparities in diet among adolescents and young adults: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 843-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucille Desbouys ◽  
Caroline Méjean ◽  
Stefaan De Henauw ◽  
Katia Castetbon
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Sweetened Beverages

AbstractObjective:To explore dietary differences according to socio-economic and sociocultural characteristics of adolescents and young adults.Design:A systematic review was conducted.Setting:The main search source was MEDLINE, consulted between January 2012 and March 2017. Quality of selected studies was assessed based on dietary measurement method, sample selection, socio-economic indicator choice and statistical modelling.Participants:Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, assessing relationships between socio-economic status and dietary intake (patterns, scores and food groups) in the 10- to 40-year-old general population of high-income countries, were selected.Results:Among the 7250 reports identified, forty were selected, seventeen of which were of high quality; their conclusions, related only to adolescents, were combined and presented. The most favourable dietary patterns, higher dietary scores, greater consumption of fruits, vegetables and dairy products, and lower consumption of sugary sweetened beverages and energy-dense foods, were associated with better parental socio-economic status, particularly in terms of higher education. Migrant status was associated with plant-based patterns, greater consumption of fruits and vegetables and of sugary sweetened beverages and energy-dense foods. For the other food groups, and for young adults, very few high-quality studies were found.Conclusions:The socio-economic gradient in adolescent diets requires confirmation by higher-grade studies of a wider set of food groups and must be extended to young adult populations. Future nutritional interventions should involve the most vulnerable adolescent populations, taking account of socio-economic status and migration.

scholarly journals Dietary Patterns Trend in Mexican Adolescent Population from 2006 to 2018, by Area of Residence

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 566-566
Author(s):  
Teresa Shamah-Levy ◽  
Sonia Rodríguez-Ramírez ◽  
Elsa Gaona-Pineda ◽  
Edith Kim-Herrera ◽  
Andrys Valdez-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Adolescent Population

Abstract Objectives To analyze the dietary patterns trend in Mexican adolescent population from 2006 to 2018 by area of residence. Methods We analyzed information from four National Health and Nutrition Surveys in Mexico from 2006 to 2018. Dietary information was collected using a validated seven-day, semi-quantitative Food frequency questionnaire. We analyzed the consumption of different food groups: 1) Fruits and vegetables (g), 2) Red meat (consumption yes or not), 3) animal products (kcal), 4) sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) (kcal), and ultra-processed foods (kcal), according to NOVA classification. We estimated the Dietary Diversity Score (DDS), which was constructed based on 10 food groups consumed: 1) grains, roots, and tubers; 2) pulses; 3) nuts and seeds; 4) dairy; 5) meat, poultry and fish; 6) eggs; 7) dark green leafy vegetables; 8) other vitamin A-rich fruits and vegetables; 9) other vegetables; 10) other fruits. Food groups were assigned to 1 if any food item within the group was consumed, otherwise 0. We estimated the proportion of population with consumption of ≥ 400 g of fruits and vegetables/d, with ≥ 5 food groups (Minimum DDS) and percentage of consumers of red meat, and the contribution to the total energy of SSB, ultra-processed food and animal products (energy percentage). Demographic and socio-economic characteristics of sampled individuals such as sex, age, area and socio-economic status (SES) were obtained. The country was divided into urban and rural areas (≥2500 or &lt; 2500 inhabitants, respectively). We used linear and logistic regression models to continuous and categorical variables, respectively. We analyzed difference by area. Results The percentage of population of Minimum DDS was lower in rural when compared with urban area by every year of survey (P &lt; 0.05). The contribution of energy percentage from ultra-processed foods and animal products was lower in rural area than urban area (P &lt; 0.05). The SSB contribution was similar in both areas. Conclusions Current findings show that the area of residence was associated with variations in the consumption of fruits, vegetables and red meat in Mexican adolescents. Consequently, interventions should focus on increasing healthy eating habits in this population, taking into account when designing preventive strategies the area of residence. Funding Sources Mexican Ministry of Health.

scholarly journals Consuming insects: are there health benefits?

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Roos ◽  
A. van Huis
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Varied Diet ◽  
Enormous Number

How healthy are insects? This is a highly relevant question in view of the global interest in the potential of insects as a sustainable food source in food systems and diets. Edible insects, like other foods, can provide nutrients and dietary energy to meet the requirements of the human body as a part of a varied diet. They also have the potential to provide bioactive compounds that have health benefits beyond simple nutritional values, as is the case for other food groups such as fruits and vegetables. Various recent studies have indicated such bioactivity in different insect species. The enormous number of edible insect species may be a source of novel bioactive compounds with health benefits addressing global health challenges. However, any identified health benefits need to be confirmed in human studies or in standardised assays accepted in health research prior to making health claims.

scholarly journals Dietary Practices of Men in Bangladesh: Evidence from the National Nutrition Surveillance

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 549-549
Author(s):  
Malay Mridha ◽  
Abu Ahmed Shamim ◽  
Md Mokbul Hossain ◽  
Mehedi Hasan ◽  
Abu Abdullah Mohammad Hanif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Dietary Practices ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables Intake ◽  
Slum Areas

Abstract Objectives Bangladesh has a paucity of information about the dietary practices of adult men. In the recently completed round of the national nutrition surveillance (NNS 2018–2019), we explored the dietary practices of adult men and factors associated with insufficient dietary diversity (IDD) and insufficient intake of fruits and vegetables. Methods In the NNS, between October 2018 and 2019, we collected data from from 82 clusters (57 rural, 15 non-slum urban, and 10 slums) selected using multistage cluster sampling. In these clusters we interviewed and took physical measurements of 4904 20–59 years old men (3471 in rural, 832 in urban, and 601 in slum). We used minimum dietary diversity for women (MDD-W) questionnaire to collect dietary data. IDD was defined as consumption of &lt; 5 food groups out of 10 food groups, and insufficient fruits and vegetables intake was defined as consumption of &lt; 5 servings of fruits and vegetables in the past 24 hours. Results The prevalence of IDD was 53% (54% in rural, 42% in non-slum urban, and 56% in slum areas) among the adult men. In the past 24 hours, 73% consumed meat/fish/poultry, 28% consumed eggs, and 22% consumed dairy products. The consumption of dark green leafy vegetables, vitamin A rich fuits and vegetables, other vegetables, other fruits was 34%, 22%, 73%, and 37%, respectively. Among the respondents, 27% had savory snacks, 52% had sweets, and 75% had sugary drinks. The prevalence of insufficient fruits and vegetables intake was 86% (83% in rural, 92% in non-slum urban and 93% in slum areas). IDD was associated with education (partial secondary education: Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.67, P &lt; 0.001; ≥10 years of schooling: AOR 0.48, P &lt; 0.001), and sufficient intake of fruits and vegetables (AOR 0.82, P = 0.022). On the other hand, insufficient fruits and vegetables intake was associated with IDD (AOR 1.23, P = 0.014), hypertension (AOR 0.77, P = 0.020) and adequate physical activity (AOR 0.46, P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions More than half of the men aged 20–59 years consume an inadequately diversified diet in Bangladesh and 86% had insufficient intake of fruits and vegetables. This study identified a number of factors associated with IDD, and insufficient intake of fruits and vegetables. The government of Bangladesh should address them while developing interventions to improve nutrition. Funding Sources Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bangladesh.

Designing a healthy, low-cost and environmentally sustainable food basket: an optimisation study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Hassan Eini-Zinab ◽  
Seyyed Reza Sobhani ◽  
Arezoo Rezazadeh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Fish Eggs ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Food Basket

Abstract Objective: Sustainable diets are diets with low environmental impacts and high affordability which contribute to food and nutrition security. The present study aimed to develop a healthy, low-cost and environmental-friendly food basket for Iran based on current consumption. Design: The Households Income and Expenditure Survey data were used. Linear Programming was utilised to obtain the optimal diets, separately, for each goal of the sustainable food basket: (1) Diet with maximum Nutrient Rich Food (NRF) index, (2) Diet with minimum cost, (3) Diet with the minimum water footprint and (4) Diet with the minimum carbon footprint. Goal Programming techniques were used to optimise the sustainable food basket by considering all goals simultaneously. Setting: Iran. Participants: Households (n 100 500) in urban and rural areas of Iran, nationally representative. Results: In the ‘optimal model’, compared with the usual consumption, the amount of the ‘bread, cereal, rice, and pasta’, ‘meat, poultry, fish, eggs, legumes, and nuts’ and ‘fats, oils, sugars, and sweets’ groups was decreased. Inside those food groups, cereals, poultry and vegetable oil subgroups were increased. Also, dairy, fruits and vegetable groups were increased. In this model, there was a 14 % reduction in the total water footprint, a 14 % decrease in the total carbon footprint, a 23 % decrease in the cost and a 7 % increase in NRF of diet compared with the usual consumption. Conclusions: Increasing the consumption of dairy, fruits and vegetables and reducing the consumption of bread, rice, pasta, meat, fish, eggs, legumes, nuts, hydrogenated fats and sugars are required to achieve a sustainable food basket.

scholarly journals Stress, Dependence, and COVID-19–related Changes in Past 30-day Marijuana, Electronic Cigarette, and Cigarette Use among Youth and Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 1179173X2110674
Author(s):  
Stephanie L Clendennen ◽  
Kathleen R Case ◽  
Aslesha Sumbe ◽  
Dale S Mantey ◽  
Emily J Mason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Youth And Young Adults ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Background Studies show smoking and vaping behaviors increase risk of contracting and worse symptoms of COVID-19. This study examines whether past 30-day youth and young adult users of marijuana, e-cigarettes, and cigarettes self-reported changes in their use of these substances due to the COVID-19 pandemic; and cross-sectional associations between perceived stress, nicotine or marijuana dependence, and COVID-19–related changes in use. Methods Participants were 709 past 30-day self-reported substance users from the Texas Adolescent Tobacco and Marketing Surveillance study (TATAMS; mean age = 19; 58% female; 38% Hispanic, 35% white). Multiple logistic regression models assessed cross-sectional associations between perceived stress and dependence and increased, decreased, or sustained past 30-day use of marijuana, e-cigarettes, and cigarettes due to COVID-19 (e.g., “Has your marijuana use changed due to the COVID-19 outbreak?”). Covariates included age, race/ethnicity, socio-economic status (SES), dependence (exposure: stress), and stress (exposure: dependence). Results Most participants reported sustained (41%, 43%, 49%) or increased (37%, 34%, 25%) use of marijuana, e-cigarettes, and cigarettes due to COVID-19, respectively. Participants who reported symptoms of dependence were significantly more likely than their non-dependent peers to report increasing their marijuana (AOR: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.15–2.39) and e-cigarette (AOR: 2.57; 95% CI: 1.38–4.77) use. Those who reported higher perceived stress were significantly more likely to report increasing their marijuana use (AOR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.01–2.42). Conclusions Most youth and young adults did not decrease their substance use amid a global, respiratory disease pandemic. Health messaging and interventions that address the health effects of smoking and vaping as well as factors like stress and dependence that may be barriers to decreasing use are vital in curbing the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Food Consumption in Adolescents and Young Adults: Age-Specific Socio-Economic and Cultural Disparities (Belgian Food Consumption Survey 2014)

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucille Desbouys ◽  
Karin De Ridder ◽  
Manon Rouche ◽  
Katia Castetbon
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Food Consumption Survey ◽  
Consumption Survey

A key issue in nutritional public health policies is to take into account social disparities behind health inequalities. The transition from adolescence toward adulthood is a critical period regarding changes in health behaviors. This study aimed to determine how consumption of four emblematic food groups (two to favor and two to limit) differed according to socio-economic and cultural characteristics of adolescents and young adults living in Belgium. Two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls were carried out in a nationally representative sample of 10–39 year old subjects (n = 1505) included in the Belgian food consumption survey 2014. Weighted daily mean consumption of “fruits and vegetables”, “whole grain bread and cereals”, “refined starchy food”, and “sugary sweetened beverages” (SSB) was calculated and explored in multivariable linear regressions stratified into four age groups. After adjustment, 10–13 year old adolescents living in less educated households daily consumed lower amounts of “fruits and vegetables” (adjusted mean: 165.6 g/day (95% CI: 125.3–206.0)) and “whole grain bread and cereals” (40.4 g/day (22.9–58.0)), and higher amounts of SSB (309.7 g/day (131.3–488.1) than adolescents of same ages living in more educated households (220.2 g/day (179.8–260.7); 59.0 g/day (40.3–77.8); and 157.8 g/day (1.7–314.0), respectively). The same trends were observed in older groups, along with strong consumption disparities according to region of residency, country of birth, and occupation, with specificities according to age. Our findings suggest the need to better explore such disparities by stage of transition to adulthood, and to adapt nutritional health programs.

scholarly journals Dietary Patterns Trend in Mexican Adolescent Population from 2006 to 2018, by Geographic Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 558-558
Author(s):  
Sonia Rodríguez-Ramírez ◽  
Teresa Shamah-Levy ◽  
Elsa Gaona-Pineda ◽  
Andrys Valdez-Sánchez ◽  
Edith Kim-Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Adolescent Population

Abstract Objectives To analyze the dietary patterns trend in adolescent population from 2006 to 2018 by geographic region of Mexico. Methods We analyzed information from four National Health and Nutrition Surveys in Mexico (years: 2006, 2012, 2016, and 2018). Dietary information was collected using a validated seven-day, semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. We analyzed the consumption of different food groups: 1) Fruits and vegetables (g), 2) Red meat, 3) animal products, and 4) sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), and ultra-processed foods (according to NOVA classification). We also estimated the Dietary Diversity score, which was constructed based on 10 food groups consumed: 1) grains, roots, and tubers; 2) pulses (beans, peas, and lentils), 3) nuts and seeds; 4) dairy; 5) meat, poultry and fish; 6) Eggs; 7) dark green leafy vegetables; 8) other vitamin A-rich fruits and vegetables; 9) other vegetables; and 10) other fruits. Food groups were assigned to 1 if any food item within the group consumed, otherwise 0, if not eaten in one day of the last week. Food intake ≤ 15 g was not considered in this study. We estimated the percentage of consumers with ≥ 400 gr of fruits and vegetables/d, with ≥ 5 food groups (Minimum DDS, MDDS) and percentage of consumers of red meat. We estimated the contribution from SSB, ultra-processed food and animal products (energy percentage). Characteristics of sampled individuals such as sex, age were considered. The country was divided in three regions: 1) North, 2) Centre and Mexico City, and 3) South. We used linear and logistic regression models to continuous and categorical variables, respectively. We analyzed difference by geographic region. Results The percentage of population of MDDS was similar among regions. North region presented the lower fruits and vegetables consumption and the highest energy percentage from ultra-processed foods. There was an increase of animal products consumption in 2018 respecting to the other years in the three regions. The SSB contribution was similar in the three regions in each year. Conclusions Geographic region was associated with variations in the consumption of fruits, vegetables and ultra-processed foods in Mexican adolescents. These results can be used to the design of intervention to improve the quality of the diet, considering the dietary patter of each regions. Funding Sources N/A.

scholarly journals The Role of Education in Sustainable Dietary Patterns in Slovenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13036
Author(s):  
Andrej Kirbiš ◽  
Monika Lamot ◽  
Marija Javornik
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Dietary Practices ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Educational Group ◽  
Higher Educational ◽  
Current Student

The most sustainable dietary patterns involve the consumption of plant-based (vegan) foods, excluding or reducing animal products, including meat, fish, and dairy, yet there is a lack of research on determinants of sustainable dietary patterns in central European countries. The present article aimed to examine the prevalence of sustainable dietary practices and attitudes among the Slovenian public and to investigate the role of education in fostering sustainable dietary patterns. We analyzed a representative national sample of Slovenians, with data gathered in 2019 (ISSP/Slovenian Public Opinion; N = 1079; 51.2% females). The results indicate that most Slovenians do not have sustainable dietary practices or attitudes with regard to health, the environment, animals, and dietary minorities. One in four Slovenians consume meat at least once per day and one in two consume meat three to six times per week. In addition, 78.2% of Slovenians consume milk at least three times per week; more than half consume milk daily or more often. Fish consumption is the least frequent among the three food groups. At least two-thirds of Slovenians also hold attitudes that are low in sustainability. Results also show that, after controlling for confounding variables, higher educational level emerged as an independent predictor of lower meat consumption, but not of lower fish or milk consumption. Furthermore, those in the lowest educational group are significantly less likely to hold sustainable attitudes than those in the higher educational group. Finally, current student status only decreases meat consumption. Since our results show an educational gradient in meat consumption and attitudes, public health and environmental campaigns should focus on the less-educated groups, encouraging them to reduce meat intake and fostering more sustainable attitudes.

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