scholarly journals Socioeconomic Inequalities in Dietary Intake in Chile: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
María Jesús Vega-Salas ◽  
Paola Caro ◽  
Laura Johnson ◽  
Angeliki Papadaki
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Included Study ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequalities ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Socioeconomic Gradient ◽  
New Policies ◽  
Chilean Population

Objective: Understanding the socioeconomic inequalities in dietary intake is crucial when addressing the socioeconomic gradient in obesity rates and non-communicable diseases. We aimed to systematically assess the association between socioeconomic position (SEP) and dietary intake in Chile. Design: We searched for peer-reviewed and grey literature from inception until 31st December 2019 in PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, Web of Sciences and LILACS databases. Observational studies published in English and Spanish, reporting the comparison of at least one dietary factor between at least two groups of different SEP in the general Chilean population, were selected. Two researchers independently conducted data searches, screening, extraction and assessed study quality using an adaptation of the Newcastle Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Results: Twenty-one articles (from 18 studies) were included. Study quality was considered low, medium, and high for 24, 52 and 24% of articles, respectively. Moderate-to-large associations indicated lower intake of fruit and vegetables, dairy products and fish/seafood and higher pulses consumption among adults of lower SEP. Variable evidence of association was found for energy intake and macronutrients, in both children and adults. Conclusions: Our findings highlight some socioeconomic inequalities in diets in Chile, evidencing an overall less healthy food consumption among the lower SEP groups. New policies to reduce these inequalities should tackle the unequal distribution of factors affecting healthy eating among the lower SEP groups. These findings also provide important insights for developing strategies to reduce dietary inequalities in Chile and other countries that have undergone similar nutritional transitions.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Inequalities in Dietary Intake in Chile: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Jesus Vega-Salas ◽  
Paola Caro ◽  
Laura Johnson ◽  
Angeliki Papadaki
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Included Study ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequalities ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Socioeconomic Gradient ◽  
Objective Understanding ◽  
New Policies

Objective: Understanding the socioeconomic inequalities in dietary intake is crucial when addressing the socioeconomic gradient in obesity rates and non-communicable diseases. We aimed to systematically assess, for the first time, the association between socioeconomic position (SEP) and dietary intake in Chile. Design: We searched for peer-reviewed and grey literature from inception until 31st December 2019 in PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, Web of Sciences and LILACS databases. Observational studies published in English and Spanish, reporting the comparison of at least one dietary factor between at least two groups of different SEP in the general Chilean population, were selected. Two researchers independently conducted data searches, screening, extraction and assessed study quality using an adaptation of the Newcastle Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Results: Twenty-one articles (from 18 study samples) were included. Study quality was considered low, medium and high for 24, 52 and 24% of articles respectively. Moderate-to-large associations indicated lower intake of fruit and vegetables, dairy products and fish/seafood and higher pulses consumption among adults of lower SEP. Variable evidence of association was found for energy intake and macronutrients, in both children and adults. Conclusions: Our findings highlight some socioeconomic inequalities in diets in Chile, evidencing an overall less healthy food consumption among the lower SEP groups. New policies to reduce these inequalities should tackle the unequal distribution of factors affecting healthy eating among the lower SEP groups. These findings also provide important insights for developing strategies to reduce dietary inequalities in Chile and other countries that have undergone similar nutritional transitions.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Inequalities in Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour among the Chilean Population: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9722
Author(s):  
María Vega-Salas ◽  
Paola Caro ◽  
Laura Johnson ◽  
Miranda E. G. Armstrong ◽  
Angeliki Papadaki
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequalities ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chilean Population

Socioeconomic inequalities in physical (in)activity and sedentary behaviours are key mediators in obesity and health socioeconomic inequalities. Considering the high and uneven obesity rates in Chile, this review aims to systematically assess the socioeconomic inequalities in physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) among the Chilean population from different age groups. Peer-reviewed and grey literature were searched from inception until 31st December 2019 in PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, Web of Sciences and LILACS. Publications in English and Spanish, from observational studies that reported the comparison of at least one indicator of PA or SB between at least two groups of different socioeconomic positions (SEP), from the general Chilean population, were included. Data searches, screening, extraction, and quality assessment, using the Newcastle Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale for observational studies, were conducted by two independent researchers. Seventeen articles (from 16 studies) met the inclusion criteria (14 cross-sectional; two cohort). Across these, quality was considered low, medium and high for 19%, 69% and 13%, respectively. Results showed consistent evidence for a lower leisure-time PA and sitting time, and higher physical inactivity among adults from the lower, compared to the highest, SEP groups. Associations between SEP and total PA, moderate-to-vigorous PA, low PA, and transport and work-related PA were inconsistent. These findings provide insights to public health and physical activity researchers and policymakers aiming to reduce socioeconomic inequalities in PA and SB in Chile and other countries.

scholarly journals Effective Elements for Workplace Responses to Critical Incidents and Suicide: A Rapid Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4821
Author(s):  
Tania Pearce ◽  
Lyndal Bugeja ◽  
Sarah Wayland ◽  
Myfanwy Maple
Keyword(s):  
Critical Incidents ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
Training Module ◽  
Critical Response ◽  
Response Training ◽  
Academic Search ◽  
And Training

Despite high rates of critical incidents (CIs) in working class occupations, there is a significant gap in our understanding of responses to these events. In this study, we aimed to inform a response training module by synthesising the key elements of pre-, during- and post-incident responses to CIs and suicide in the workplace. A rapid review identified studies on responses to CIs or suicide deaths in the workplace published between January 2015 and June 2020. A systematic search of six databases (Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Sociology Collection, Academic Search and Business Search Complete) and grey literature was performed. Studies were excluded if the focus was on non-colleagues. Two reviewers independently conducted record screening, a review of the full text and assessed study quality. The existing evidence was synthesised and interventions were categorised using Haddon’s Matrix. Five studies were included, reporting on CIs across a range of workplace settings, including railways, factories, police and military, along with external critical response units. Overall, study quality was assessed as being poor. Most of the evidence focused on the pre-incident and post-incident stage. There is little evidence on responses to CIs in the workplace. Evidence-based education and training is necessary to establish organisational responses to assist with supporting workers exposed to workplace CIs.

A systematic review update of athletes’ nutrition knowledge and association with dietary intake

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Amy Janiczak ◽  
Brooke Devlin ◽  
Adrienne Forsyth ◽  
Gina Trakman
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Nutrition Knowledge ◽  
Included Study ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
Diet Intake ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Athletes’ dietary intakes sometimes do not meet sports nutrition guidelines. Nutrition knowledge (NK) is one factor that may influence dietary intake, but NK measurement tools are often outdated or unvalidated, and results regarding athletes’ NK are equivocal. The aims of this systematic review were to update previous systematic reviews by examining athletes’ NK and to assess the relationship between athletes’ general NK, sport NK and dietary intake. MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and Cochrane were searched for studies published between November 2015 and November 2020, that provided a quantitative measure of NK and described the NK tool used. Twenty-eight studies were included; study quality was assessed using JBI checklists and data on NK score, diet intake was extracted. Eight studies utilised validated, up-to-date NK measurement tools. Mean general and sport NK% scores varied between 40.2% ± 12.4 and 70 % ± 9. Mean protein and carbohydrate consumption were 1.1-3.4 g/kg.bw/day and 2.4-4.6 g/kg.bw/day, respectively. Weak-to-moderate, positive associations were found between NK and positive dietary behaviours. Due to a wide variety of NK measurement tools used, it is difficult to synthesise results to determine overall NK in athletes. Overall, there appears to be a low standard of knowledge. Quality of measurement tools for NK has improved but remains an issue. Future studies should use relevant, current validated NK tools, or validate tools in their study population. More research is needed into the relationship between NK and other modifiable factors influencing dietary intake.

Economic Sanctions in Flux: Enduring Challenges, New Policies, and Defining the Future Research Agenda

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-477
Author(s):  
Bryan R Early ◽  
Menevis Cilizoglu
Keyword(s):  
Research Agenda ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Economic Sanctions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Past ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
Policy Tool ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Policies

Abstract Policymakers employ economic sanctions to deal with a wide range of international challenges, making them an indispensable foreign policy tool. While scholarship on sanctions has tended to focus on the factors affecting their success, newer research programs have emerged that explore the reasons for why sanctions are threatened and initiated, the ways they are designed and enforced, and their consequences. This scholarship has yielded a wealth of new insights into how economic sanctions work, but most of those insights are based on sanctions observations from the 20th Century. The ways that policymakers employ sanctions have fundamentally changed over the past two decades, though, raising concerns about whether historically derived insights are still relevant to contemporary sanctions policies. In this forum, the contributors discuss the scholarly and policy-relevant insights of existing research on sanctions and then explore what gaps remain in our knowledge and new trends in sanctions policymaking. This forum will inform readers on the state of the art in sanctions research and propose avenues for future research.

scholarly journals LO046: Factors associated with hospital admission following asthma exacerbations: a systematic review

CJEM ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (S1) ◽  
pp. S46-S46 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.H. Rowe ◽  
N. Arrotta ◽  
J. Hill ◽  
E. Dennett ◽  
M. Harries
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Included Study ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Admission Rates ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Number Of Patients

Introduction: Patients with asthma frequently present to the emergency department (ED) with exacerbations; however, a select number of patients require admission to hospital. The objective of this study was to summarize the evidence regarding asthma-related hospital admissions and factors associated with these admissions following ED presentation. Methods: Comprehensive literature searches were conducted in seven electronic databases (database inception to 2015); manual and grey literature searches were also performed. Studies reporting disposition for adults after ED presentation were included. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS); standardized data-collection forms were used for data extraction. Admission proportions and factors associated with admission at a statistical significance level (p<0.05) were reported. Results: Out of an initial 5865 identified articles, 37 articles met full inclusion criteria. Admission proportions were reported in 25/37 studies, ranged from 1% to 37%, and collectively demonstrated a decline of ~9% in admissions between 1993 and 2012. Studies including a >50% Caucasian ethnicity were found to have a median admission proportion of 13% (interquartile range [IQR]= 7, 20) versus studies with >50% non-Caucasian ethnicity at 22% (IQR=20, 28). Age, female sex, and previous hospitalizations for asthma exacerbation were the most individually identifiable factors associated with admission. Presenting features and medication profile were the most frequent domains associated with admission. Conclusion: Admission rates have decreased approximately 9% in a nearly 20-year span and seem to be higher in studies involving mostly non-Caucasian ethnic groups. Demographic factors, markers of severity obtained by history or at ED presentation, and medication profile could be assessed by ED clinicians to effectively discern patients at high risk for admission.

scholarly journals How do stakeholders experience the adoption of electronic prescribing systems in hospitals? A systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative studies

2019 ◽  
pp. bmjqs-2018-009082
Author(s):  
Albert Farre ◽  
Gemma Heath ◽  
Karen Shaw ◽  
Danai Bem ◽  
Carole Cummins
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Qualitative Studies ◽  
Electronic Prescribing ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Research Guidelines

BackgroundElectronic prescribing (ePrescribing) or computerised provider/physician order entry (CPOE) systems can improve the quality and safety of health services, but the translation of this into reduced harm for patients remains unclear. This review aimed to synthesise primary qualitative research relating to how stakeholders experience the adoption of ePrescribing/CPOE systems in hospitals, to help better understand why and how healthcare organisations have not yet realised the full potential of such systems and to inform future implementations and research.MethodsWe systematically searched 10 bibliographic databases and additional sources for citation searching and grey literature, with no restriction on date or publication language. Qualitative studies exploring the perspectives/experiences of stakeholders with the implementation, management, use and/or optimisation of ePrescribing/CPOE systems in hospitals were included. Quality assessment combined criteria from the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Qualitative Checklist and the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research guidelines. Data were synthesised thematically.Results79 articles were included. Stakeholders’ perspectives reflected a mixed set of positive and negative implications of engaging in ePrescribing/CPOE as part of their work. These were underpinned by further-reaching change processes. Impacts reported were largely practice related rather than at the organisational level. Factors affecting the implementation process and actions undertaken prior to implementation were perceived as important in understanding ePrescribing/CPOE adoption and impact.ConclusionsImplementing organisations and teams should consider the breadth and depth of changes that ePrescribing/CPOE adoption can trigger rather than focus on discrete benefits/problems and favour implementation strategies that: consider the preimplementation context, are responsive to (and transparent about) organisational and stakeholder needs and agendas and which can be sustained effectively over time as implementations develop and gradually transition to routine use and system optimisation.

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