Anthropocentrism revisited

1997 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Håkan Karlsson
Keyword(s):  
Human Being ◽  
Contemporary Archaeology ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
Time Existence ◽  
Time Culture

Before developing my comments on the Heidegger theme I would like to express my admiration for the project Julian Thomas presents in Time, culture and identity. With his point of departure in Heidegger's early reasonings, Thomas is underway on the important path of a deconstruction of the Cartesian/modern dichotomies between past-present, mind-body, nature-culture and subject-object that dominates contemporary archaeology. In short, Thomas points towards an approach, where the connection between experience-time-existence and the crucial relationship and interdependence between human being and other beings (things/artefacts), provides a powerful alternative to the traditional approaches towards these dichotomies. This alternative partly situates itself between idealism and empiricism, between subjectivism and objectivism. Thomas' project also contributes to the deconstruction of the exaggerated modern/postmodern combat that in some ways seems to have led the theoretical discourse within archaeology to a dead-end. Therefore I can only agree with the main orientation of Thomas' reasonings put forward both in his book, and in his précis of Time, culture and identity, presented in Archaeological dialogues 3.1 (Thomas 1996).

The Son of Man in the Vision of Daniel

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Peter Schäfer
Keyword(s):  
Second Temple ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Second Temple Period ◽  
Rabbinic Judaism ◽  
Son Of Man ◽  
Book Of Daniel ◽  
The One ◽  
Point Of Departure

This chapter is devoted to the continuation of the Son of Man tradition in rabbinic Judaism. It explains how the Son of Man is virtually irrelevant among the rabbis of Palestine, in contrast to the Second Temple period. The point of departure of all binitarian speculations in Judaism is the enigmatic “Son of Man” in the biblical Book of Daniel. This book consists of various parts that were written at different times. It is certain that its final editing took place during the Maccabean period, which is in the first half of the second century BCE. The chapter also discusses who exactly is the Ancient One, who is the “one like a human being,” and who are the holy ones of the Most High.

Moral Theory and Divine Justice

2017 ◽  
pp. 87-127
Author(s):  
Hussein Ali Abdulsater
Keyword(s):  
Religious Experience ◽  
Moral Obligation ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Divine Sovereignty ◽  
Divine Justice ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Autonomy ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Point Of Departure

This chapter investigates the position of human beings in this theological system. Its point of departure is a definition of the human being, from which it develops an understanding of human agency in relation to God and the world. Divine assistance (luṭf) is highlighted as the bridge between human autonomy and divine sovereignty. Following is an elaborate description of religious experience: its origins, justification, relevant parties, responsibilities and characteristics. The concept of moral obligation (taklīf) is shown to be the cornerstone of Murtaḍā’s theory on religion. The chapter is divided into three sub-headings: The Human Being; Justification of Moral Obligation; Characteristics of Moral Obligation.

scholarly journals “Kristendommens absolutte status”: Religionsteologien hos Ernst Troeltsch

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-161
Author(s):  
Jonas Adelin Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Theology Of Religions ◽  
Specific Content ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Historical Phenomenon ◽  
Ernst Troeltsch ◽  
Epistemological Relativism ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Point Of Departure

The contribution of E. Troeltsch towards a modern Protestanttheology of religions takes its point of departure in the conundrumof Christianity as (theologically) absolute and (historically) relative religion.The article describes the background for Troeltsch’s theology, his analysis of other religious traditions, and his theological reflections based on his approach informed by the ‘Religionsgeschichtliche Schule’. The article argues for a development in Troeltsch’s theology of religions from a fairly common liberal protestant hierarchical view to a much more relativistic understanding. Troeltsch’s contribution is contextualized and placed in the larger modern discussion on the relationship between Christianity as a historical phenomenon, its relation to other religious traditions, and the specific content of Christianity and its claim to truth. In conclusion, the article characterizes Troeltsch’s theology of religions as an act of balancing between a methodological or epistemological relativism and a more holistic relativism, which is the very possible dead-end of metaphysical thinking

scholarly journals Gościnność niejednoznaczna. Analiza wybranych przypadków na przykładzie powieści Lalka i filmu Green Book

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-148
Author(s):  
Paweł Ćwikła
Keyword(s):  
Symbolic Interactionism ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Cultural Attitudes ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Sociology Of Art ◽  
Green Book ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Point Of Departure

The subject of this article falls within the sociology of art. By analyzing selected aspects of a novel (Bolesław Prus’s The Doll) and a film (the Oscar-winning Green Book directed by Peter Farrelly), the author raises the problem of what he calls “ambiguous hospitality.” His point of departure and theoretical basis are George Ritzer’s concept of “inhospitality” and Jacques Derrida’s idea of “hostipitality.”The author treats each artistic depiction of reality as a source of situations to be read in light of elements of Erving Goffman’s reflections. He uses the ideas of symbolic interactionism, the interactive ritual, and the metaphor of the performance as tools for interpreting a film or literary situation that illustrates cultural attitudes and practices. In conclusion, he states that hosting someone could result from something other than a sincere desire to react to another human being in a friendly manner. However, this does necessarily undermine the sincerity of openness toward strangers. Realization of the maxim to “have dignity and respect others,” even if enforced by social sanction, can be a way to maintain or build relationships between those who are “one’s own” and “other,” “one’s own” and “strangers,” and finally, between a guest and host.

Three Phrases of History

boundary 2 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-151
Author(s):  
Stathis Gourgouris
Keyword(s):  
Human Being ◽  
Nature And Culture ◽  
Political Project ◽  
Point Of Departure

This essay takes as point of departure three phrases by Marx, Heidegger, and Benjamin in order to restage Aristotle’s notion of zōon politikon as a way of rethinking humanism as a radical political project for our times. At the same time, it reconfigures ontological questions of human-being through a consideration of human animality beyond the traditional divide between nature and culture.

Jean-Paul Sartre

2018 ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
Anthony Hatzimoysis
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Behavioral Patterns ◽  
Therapeutic Method ◽  
Reflective Awareness ◽  
Jean Paul ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
Phenomenological Conception ◽  
Existential Psychoanalysis

Sartre articulated a phenomenological conception the “human being-in-situation,” which forms the ontological background of a therapeutic method that he called “existential psychoanalysis.” The overall principle of existential psychoanalysis is that each agent is a totality and not a collection, and thus she expresses herself even in the most insignificant or superficial of her behaviors; its goal is to decode and interpret the behavioral patterns, so as to articulate them conceptually; its point of departure is the pre-reflective awareness of lived experience; and its overall goal is to reach not some past psychic complex, but the choice that renders meaningful how one lives—so that the analysand achieves authenticity, owning up to the projects through which she, as a situated freedom, is making herself into the person she is.

De verbinding van religie en spel

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-302
Author(s):  
Joop Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Human Being ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
Point Of Departure

In scholarly literature, religion and play are connected in various ways: they are equalised to each other and subjected to each other in opposite and contrary senses. This article aims to bring more clarity about which connections and comparisons of religion and play are possible and plausible and which are not. The point of departure is that religion and play are forms of expression of a human being’s relation to reality. This relation is viewed as transcendental in two senses: a relation in and through which reality transcends the human being and the human being transcends reality. Religion and play express this, religion as the first form of transcendence, play as the second. It is concluded that religion and play can be connected as different expressions of different forms of transcendence.

scholarly journals MATACOMYTER

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bror Westman
Keyword(s):  
Field Work ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Gran Chaco ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Different Levels

Bror Westman: Mataco Myths Taking a point of departure in Levi-Strauss’ concept of the myth as movement in different ways, the article deals with Mataco myths as they have been recorded by Niels Fock during his field work among the Mataco of Gran Chaco in the northern part of Argentina between 1958 and 1962. The form of this body of myths is seen as one of variation and movement, and the contents are understood as dealing with becoming a human being, a cultural being. The figures Sipilak, the culture hero, and Tokuah, the bungler, play important roles in the myths. They incamate different principles, rule over different domains, create different phenomena, and act in different ways. Also the elements fire, water, air, and earth are dealt with in the myths. The universe of the myths is static, moving however between different levels, and the identities of the figures of the myths change. The myths are variations of each other and tell about the sensuous sides of life. The myths deal with concrete, tangible experience.  

scholarly journals Human now versus human over time. When instrumental rationality and utility are not enough

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 633-657
Author(s):  
Aleksander Ostapiuk
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Instrumental Rationality ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Utility Measure ◽  
Economic Method ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Over Time

The goal of this article is to show that instrumental rationality and utility that have been used in economics for many years does not work well. What is presented in the article is how significant the influence of utilitarianism has been on economics and why the economists get rid of humans? goals and motivations. It is shown in the article that the human who decides in present is absolutely different from the human who decides over time. Many economists neglected this problem because they wanted to have an effective and simple model. Becker?s economic method is presented as a dead end to which economics has been brought to. It is impossible to connect different selves of one human being by using the utility measure. The works of Schelling and Mill are used to explain this impossibility. The conclusion of this article is that instrumental rationality and utility have affected economics significantly. But, this simplified view on human nature is no longer valid. Hence, economics needs to think not only about the means but also about the human goals. Economics needs to rebuff relativism and show people how to achieve well-being. If we want to help people with their self-governance, we will have to choose reason over emotions.

Activite Perceptive Et Activite Hallucinatoire

1976 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
Henri Ey
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Organization ◽  
Gestalt Psychology ◽  
Husserlian Phenomenology ◽  
Arrow Of Time ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Living Body ◽  
General Law ◽  
Fundamental Distinction ◽  
Simple Difference ◽  
Point Of Departure

AbstractErwin Straus nourished his spirit on "Act psychology", "Gestalt psychology" and "Husserlian phenomenology" in Berlin and Göttingen, and has renewed his engagement with these problems in Lexington without renouncing his commitment to a tradition to which he has remained always faithful. It is in the realm of the psychology of perception that Erwin Straus - as did the analyses of Bergson, Gestalt psychology, and the phenomenology of Husserl - made his point of departure for his critique of sensationistic empiricism and of the sensory psychophysiology from Johannes Miller to Wundt... The guiding idea of Erwin Straus, as Merleau-Ponty has so profoundly made explicit, is that the sphere of sensing, the sense of the senses, is discovered to be the constitution of the very corporeity of experience, the latter being capable of being lived only in and by a living body. As abstract an sophisticated as this primordial description of the phisical body might be insofar as it is the object and subject of phenomenology, it appears to me to be the only possible, or more simply, the only one which allows us to formulate a general law of the temporal organization (the arrow of time) of the existent, that is to say, of the human being in the proper constitution of his own becoming. The phenomenology that I have just outlined founds the system of reality as the very form of conscious being, and the organization of the psychical body as the constitution of the ego. Four theses within this framework relating perceptual and hallucinatory activity are (1): hallucination is virtual in perception, and that it is, as Ernest Hartman recently stated, an "ubiquitous capacity" immanent to this "psychical apparatus" of which Freud spoke, and which I prefer to call "the psychical body". (2) That hallucinatory difficulties are real difficulties and not a simple difference of intensity between the image and sensation. (3) The pathogenesis of hallucinations can only be theorized according to the (Hughlings) Jacksonian model of negative (a process of disorganization) and positive (the contents of the hallucinatory phenomenon); and (4) There is a fundamental distinction between the diverse forms and levels of delirious or psychotic hallucinatory activity and hallucinatory images.

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