Three Phrases of History

boundary 2 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-151
Author(s):  
Stathis Gourgouris
Keyword(s):  
Human Being ◽  
Nature And Culture ◽  
Political Project ◽  
Point Of Departure

This essay takes as point of departure three phrases by Marx, Heidegger, and Benjamin in order to restage Aristotle’s notion of zōon politikon as a way of rethinking humanism as a radical political project for our times. At the same time, it reconfigures ontological questions of human-being through a consideration of human animality beyond the traditional divide between nature and culture.

The Son of Man in the Vision of Daniel

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Peter Schäfer
Keyword(s):  
Second Temple ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Second Temple Period ◽  
Rabbinic Judaism ◽  
Son Of Man ◽  
Book Of Daniel ◽  
The One ◽  
Point Of Departure

This chapter is devoted to the continuation of the Son of Man tradition in rabbinic Judaism. It explains how the Son of Man is virtually irrelevant among the rabbis of Palestine, in contrast to the Second Temple period. The point of departure of all binitarian speculations in Judaism is the enigmatic “Son of Man” in the biblical Book of Daniel. This book consists of various parts that were written at different times. It is certain that its final editing took place during the Maccabean period, which is in the first half of the second century BCE. The chapter also discusses who exactly is the Ancient One, who is the “one like a human being,” and who are the holy ones of the Most High.

Moral Theory and Divine Justice

2017 ◽  
pp. 87-127
Author(s):  
Hussein Ali Abdulsater
Keyword(s):  
Religious Experience ◽  
Moral Obligation ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Divine Sovereignty ◽  
Divine Justice ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Autonomy ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Point Of Departure

This chapter investigates the position of human beings in this theological system. Its point of departure is a definition of the human being, from which it develops an understanding of human agency in relation to God and the world. Divine assistance (luṭf) is highlighted as the bridge between human autonomy and divine sovereignty. Following is an elaborate description of religious experience: its origins, justification, relevant parties, responsibilities and characteristics. The concept of moral obligation (taklīf) is shown to be the cornerstone of Murtaḍā’s theory on religion. The chapter is divided into three sub-headings: The Human Being; Justification of Moral Obligation; Characteristics of Moral Obligation.

Anthropocentrism revisited

1997 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Håkan Karlsson
Keyword(s):  
Human Being ◽  
Contemporary Archaeology ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
Time Existence ◽  
Time Culture

Before developing my comments on the Heidegger theme I would like to express my admiration for the project Julian Thomas presents in Time, culture and identity. With his point of departure in Heidegger's early reasonings, Thomas is underway on the important path of a deconstruction of the Cartesian/modern dichotomies between past-present, mind-body, nature-culture and subject-object that dominates contemporary archaeology. In short, Thomas points towards an approach, where the connection between experience-time-existence and the crucial relationship and interdependence between human being and other beings (things/artefacts), provides a powerful alternative to the traditional approaches towards these dichotomies. This alternative partly situates itself between idealism and empiricism, between subjectivism and objectivism. Thomas' project also contributes to the deconstruction of the exaggerated modern/postmodern combat that in some ways seems to have led the theoretical discourse within archaeology to a dead-end. Therefore I can only agree with the main orientation of Thomas' reasonings put forward both in his book, and in his précis of Time, culture and identity, presented in Archaeological dialogues 3.1 (Thomas 1996).

scholarly journals HUMAN: BEING BETWEEN NATURE AND CULTURE

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-13
Author(s):  
Alexey Volkov
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Nature And Culture ◽  
Cultural Origins

The article investigates some issues connected with comprehending the specific features of human existence. The author uses genetic and cross-cultural studies to show that human development is affected by both genetic and sociocultural factors. The author believes that the conception of human existence that takes into account mutual influence and complementarity of genetic and cultural origins in human beings is justified not only in theory, but also in practice, since it responds to the need for harmonization of relations between people and their environment.

scholarly journals Gościnność niejednoznaczna. Analiza wybranych przypadków na przykładzie powieści Lalka i filmu Green Book

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-148
Author(s):  
Paweł Ćwikła
Keyword(s):  
Symbolic Interactionism ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Cultural Attitudes ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Sociology Of Art ◽  
Green Book ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Point Of Departure

The subject of this article falls within the sociology of art. By analyzing selected aspects of a novel (Bolesław Prus’s The Doll) and a film (the Oscar-winning Green Book directed by Peter Farrelly), the author raises the problem of what he calls “ambiguous hospitality.” His point of departure and theoretical basis are George Ritzer’s concept of “inhospitality” and Jacques Derrida’s idea of “hostipitality.”The author treats each artistic depiction of reality as a source of situations to be read in light of elements of Erving Goffman’s reflections. He uses the ideas of symbolic interactionism, the interactive ritual, and the metaphor of the performance as tools for interpreting a film or literary situation that illustrates cultural attitudes and practices. In conclusion, he states that hosting someone could result from something other than a sincere desire to react to another human being in a friendly manner. However, this does necessarily undermine the sincerity of openness toward strangers. Realization of the maxim to “have dignity and respect others,” even if enforced by social sanction, can be a way to maintain or build relationships between those who are “one’s own” and “other,” “one’s own” and “strangers,” and finally, between a guest and host.

scholarly journals Life Force: The Source of Self-Regulation, Love and Bonding

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-74
Author(s):  
Guy Tonella
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Human Being ◽  
The Core ◽  
Nature And Culture ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Life Force

«Life force” is at the core of the prodigious upsurge in the complexification of the living, from the bacterium to the human being, thanks to the life force’s regulating principle: «homeostasis”. Lowen had faith in the life force, in the unsuspecting skills of the human organism, in his intelligence, in his capacities of self-regulation. We, bioenergetic therapists, are today «ferrymen” between the atom and the spirit, «ferrymen” between nature and culture, «ferrymen” between individual homeostasis and ecological homeostasis, «ferrymen” between the grounding in the earth and the oceanic feeling. We transmit to our patients these bonds of attachment that unite us both to humanity and to nature: these links are sensori-emotional in nature, intrinsically intelligent and deeply regulating.

»A Line Made by Walking«

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Moser
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Anthropology ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Alternative Form ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Nature And Culture ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
The One ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Point Of Departure

Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit kulturanthropologischen und literarischen Reflexionen auf den Bewegungsmodus des Gehens. Er diskutiert die Frage, inwieweit das Gehen in diesen Diskursen als Linienpraxis aufgefasst wird. Ausgangspunkt ist die Beobachtung, dass die Kulturanthropologie, die dem aufrechten Gang eine Schlüsselfunktion für die Anthropogenese zuweist, diesen zugleich als Produkt eines ›Begradigungsprozesses‹ markiert und an die dichotomische Gegenüberstellung von Natur und Kultur koppelt. In literarischen Texten, aber auch in neueren ökoanthropologischen Ansätzen wird die Natur-Kultur-Opposition und die damit verbundene Privilegierung der geraden Linie kritisch hinterfragt. Setzt die literarische Peripatetik mithin eine alternative Form der Beziehung zwischen Mensch und Umwelt in Szene? Entwirft sie eine Ökologie des Denkens und Wahrnehmens, die sich jenseits der Natur-Kultur-Dichotomie bewegt? Diese Fragen werden an ausgewählten Fallbeispielen beleuchtet. The essay deals with the peripatetic mode of movement as reflected in cultural anthropology and literature. It asks to what extent these discourses view walking as a practice of line-making. The point of departure is the observation that cultural anthropology ascribes a key role to the upright gait within anthropogenesis while associating it with a process of rectilinearization on the one hand and a sharp dichotomy between nature and culture on the other hand. Certain literary texts and recent approaches in ecologically oriented anthropology have, however, challenged the validity of this dichotomy and the concomitant privilege of the straight line. Does literary peripatetics thus propose an alternative way to grasp the relationship between human beings and the environment? Does it outline a new ecology of the mind that supersedes the binary relation between nature and culture? These questions are discussed with reference to selected case studies.

Jean-Paul Sartre

2018 ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
Anthony Hatzimoysis
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Behavioral Patterns ◽  
Therapeutic Method ◽  
Reflective Awareness ◽  
Jean Paul ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
Phenomenological Conception ◽  
Existential Psychoanalysis

Sartre articulated a phenomenological conception the “human being-in-situation,” which forms the ontological background of a therapeutic method that he called “existential psychoanalysis.” The overall principle of existential psychoanalysis is that each agent is a totality and not a collection, and thus she expresses herself even in the most insignificant or superficial of her behaviors; its goal is to decode and interpret the behavioral patterns, so as to articulate them conceptually; its point of departure is the pre-reflective awareness of lived experience; and its overall goal is to reach not some past psychic complex, but the choice that renders meaningful how one lives—so that the analysand achieves authenticity, owning up to the projects through which she, as a situated freedom, is making herself into the person she is.

De verbinding van religie en spel

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-302
Author(s):  
Joop Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Human Being ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
Point Of Departure

In scholarly literature, religion and play are connected in various ways: they are equalised to each other and subjected to each other in opposite and contrary senses. This article aims to bring more clarity about which connections and comparisons of religion and play are possible and plausible and which are not. The point of departure is that religion and play are forms of expression of a human being’s relation to reality. This relation is viewed as transcendental in two senses: a relation in and through which reality transcends the human being and the human being transcends reality. Religion and play express this, religion as the first form of transcendence, play as the second. It is concluded that religion and play can be connected as different expressions of different forms of transcendence.

HUMAN NATURE AND THE NATURE ITSELF: NATURAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF THE HUMAN NATURE / ŽMOGAUS PRIGIMTIS IR NATŪRA KAIP TOKIA: GAMTINIAI IR SOCIALINIAI ŽMOGAUS PRIGIMTIES ASPEKTAI

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-81
Author(s):  
Béla Mester
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Nature And Culture ◽  
Historical Contribution ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Human Rationality

This paper offers a historical contribution for understanding of the relationship between nature and culture, based on an analysis of a highly influential text of the European philosophical tradition, About the Ends of Goods and Evils of Cicero. Human morality has three different roots on the Ciceronian pages: 1) a human can be an animal – a part of the live nature – in the concept of oikeiōsis; 2) a human has obligations as a cosmopolitēs, a part of the cosmos; and 3) social obligations rooted in human rationality, in other words – human being is a part of the society. Analyzing these three roots of the Stoic ethics in a Roman interpretation, we can understand their contradictory consequences. By the analysis of the relevant texts it will be demonstrated that the Stoic philosophers and their interpreters were unconscious of the ambiguity of the roots of human morality offered by them. A tension in our anthropological thinking about the human nature as a natural or a social phenomenon has its roots partly in this ancient ambiguity, hidden and unconscious. The rise of this conceptually confused ambiguity has several consequences in our today thought as well. Santrauka Šiame straipsnyje pateiktas istorinis indėlis suprasti gamtos ir kultūros santykį, pagrįstą labai įtakingo europietiškosios filosofinės tradicijos Cicerono teksto Apie gėrio ir blogio ribas analize. Žmogiškoji moralė Cicerono puslapiuose turi tris skirtingas šaknis: 1) oikeiōsis sampratoje žmogus gali būti gyvūnas – gyvosios gamtos dalis; 2) žmogus kaip cosmopolitēs, kaip kosmo dalis, turi įsipareigojimų; 3) socialiniai įsipareigojimai yra įšaknyti žmogiškajame racionalume, kitais žodžiais tariant, žmogiškoji būtybė yra visuomenės dalis. Analizuodami šias tris stoikų etikos šaknis romėniškojoje interpretacijoje, galime suprasti prieštaringas jų pasekmes. Remdamiesi svarbių tekstų analize parodysime, kad stoikų filosofai ir jų interpretatoriai nesuvokė savo pasiūlytosios žmogiškosios moralės šaknų dviprasmiškumo. Mūsų antropologinio mąstymo apie žmogaus prigimtį kaip gamtinį ar socialinį fenomeną įtampa turi savąsias šaknis iš dalies šiame paslėptame ir nesuvoktame antikiniame dviprasmiškume. Šio konceptualiai painaus dviprasmiškumo iškilimas turi tam tikrų pasekmių taip pat ir mūsų nūdienėje mintyje.

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