Multiple-Instrument Analyses of Single Micron-Size Particles

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uri Admon ◽  
David Donohue ◽  
Helmut Aigner ◽  
Gabriele Tamborini ◽  
Olivier Bildstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Range ◽  
Standard Specimen ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Isotopic Analyses ◽  
Micron Size ◽  
Secondary Ion ◽  
Individual Particles ◽  
Testing And Evaluation ◽  
Better Than

Physical, chemical, and isotopic analyses of individual radioactive and other particles in the micron-size range, key tools in environmental research and in nuclear forensics, require the ability to precisely relocate particles of interest (POIs) in the secondary ion mass spectrometer (SIMS) or in another instrument, after having been located, identified, and characterized in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). This article describes the implementation, testing, and evaluation of the triangulation POIs re-location method, based on microscopic reference marks imprinted on or attached to the sample holder, serving as an inherent coordinate system. In SEM-to-SEM and SEM-to-SIMS experiments re-location precision better than 10 μm and 20 μm, respectively, is readily attainable for instruments using standard specimen stages. The method is fast, easy to apply, and facilitates repeated analyses of individual particles in different instruments and laboratories.

Advances in imaging SIMS studies of stained and BrdU-labelled human metaphase chromosomes

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 932-933
Author(s):  
R. Levi-Setti ◽  
J. M. Chabala ◽  
R. Espinosa ◽  
M. M. Le Beau
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Analytical Sensitivity ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Sector Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Staining Methods ◽  
The University ◽  
Secondary Ion ◽  
Better Than

We have shown previously that isotope-labelled nucleotides in human metaphase chromosomes can be detected and mapped by imaging secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), using the University of Chicago high resolution scanning ion microprobe (UC SIM). These early studies, conducted with BrdU- and 14C-thymidine-labelled chromosomes via detection of the Br and 28CN- (14C14N-> labelcarrying signals, provided some evidence for the condensation of the label into banding patterns along the chromatids (SIMS bands) reminiscent of the well known Q- and G-bands obtained by conventional staining methods for optical microscopy. The potential of this technique has been greatly enhanced by the recent upgrade of the UC SIM, now coupled to a high performance magnetic sector mass spectrometer in lieu of the previous RF quadrupole mass filter. The high transmission of the new spectrometer improves the SIMS analytical sensitivity of the microprobe better than a hundredfold, overcoming most of the previous imaging limitations resulting from low count statistics.

scholarly journals Insights in Behavior of Variably Formulated Alginate-Based Microcapsules for Cell Transplantation

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pia Montanucci ◽  
Silvia Terenzi ◽  
Claudio Santi ◽  
Ilaria Pennoni ◽  
Vittorio Bini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Degenerative Disorders ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Better Than

Alginate-based microencapsulation of live cells may offer the opportunity to treat chronic and degenerative disorders. So far, a thorough assessment of physical-chemical behavior of alginate-based microbeads remains cloudy. A disputed issue is which divalent cation to choose for a high performing alginate gelling process. Having selected, in our system, high mannuronic (M) enriched alginates, we studied different gelling cations and their combinations to determine their eventual influence on physical-chemical properties of the final microcapsules preparation,in vitroandin vivo. We have shown that used of ultrapure alginate allows for high biocompatibility of the formed microcapsules, regardless of gelation agents, while use of different gelling cations is associated with corresponding variable effects on the capsules’ basic architecture, as originally reported in this work. However, only the final application which the capsules are destined to will ultimately guide the selection of the ideal, specific gelling divalent cations, since in principle there are no capsules that are better than others.

scholarly journals A large-area blackbody for in-flight calibration of an infrared interferometer deployed on board a long-duration balloon for stratospheric research

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 4757-4762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friedhelm Olschewski ◽  
Christian Monte ◽  
Albert Adibekyan ◽  
Max Reiniger ◽  
Berndt Gutschwager ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Scale ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Atmospheric Measurements ◽  
Calibration Source ◽  
Aperture Diameter ◽  
International Temperature Scale ◽  
International Temperature ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Better Than

Abstract. The deployment of the imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer GLORIA (Gimballed Limb Observer for Radiance Imaging of the Atmosphere) on board a long-duration balloon for stratospheric research requires a blackbody for in-flight calibration in order to provide traceability to the International Temperature Scale (ITS-90) to ensure comparability with the results of other experiments and over time. GLORIA, which has been deployed onboard various research aircraft such as the Russian M55 Geophysica or the German HALO in the past, shall also be used for detailed atmospheric measurements in the stratosphere up to 40 km altitude. The instrument uses a two-dimensional detector array and an imaging optics with a large aperture diameter of 36 mm and an opening angle of 4.07∘ × 4.07∘ for infrared limb observations. To overfill the field of view (FOV) of the instrument, a large-area blackbody radiation sources (125 mm × 125 mm) is required for in-flight calibration. In order to meet the requirements regarding the scientific goals of the GLORIA missions, the radiance temperature of the blackbody calibration source has to be determined to better than 100 mK and the spatial temperature uniformity shall be better than 150 mK. As electrical resources on board a stratospheric balloon are very limited, the latent heat of the phase change of a eutectic material is utilized for temperature stabilization of the calibration source, such that the blackbody has a constant temperature of about −32 ∘C corresponding to a typical temperature observed in the stratosphere. The Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Research at the University of Wuppertal designed and manufactured a prototype of the large-area blackbody for in-flight calibration of an infrared interferometer deployed on board a long-duration balloon for stratospheric research. This newly developed calibration source was tested under lab conditions as well as in a climatic and environmental test chamber in order to verify its performance especially under flight conditions. At the PTB (Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt), the German national metrology institute, the spatial radiance distribution of the blackbody was determined and traceability to the International Temperature Scale (ITS-90) has been assured. In this paper the design and performance of the balloon-borne blackbody (BBB) is presented.

scholarly journals Kajian Mutu dan Palatibilitas Silase dan Hay Ransum Komplit Berbasis Sampah Organik Primer pada Kambing Peranakan Etawah

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusmadi Yusmadi ◽  
Nahrowi Nahrowi ◽  
Muhammad Ridla
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Microbial Characteristics ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Measuring Ph

The quality and palatibility of silage and hay complete ration based on organic primer garbage in peranakan etawah (PE) poadABSTRACT. This research was conducted to study the quality and palatability of silage and hay complete ration based on organic primer garbage in nine heads of Peranakan Etawah (PE) Goat. The quality of silage and hay was evaluated By measuring pH, total number of lactic acid Bacteria (LAB), palatability, dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) aroma and color of silage. Nine heads of peranakan etawah were grouped based on their lactation periode and randomly assigned to one of tree dietary treatments. The treatments were (1) Control rations; (2) silage complete ration (SRK); and (3) Hay complete ration (HRK). The results indicated that the silage had PH 4.15 and total number of LAB was 2.4 x 10 cfu/g of silage. Dry matter and organic matter digestibility of SRK were better than those of HRK. The palatability of SRK was higher than HRK but less than control. Storage of SRK for did not change dry matter and organic matter content. Organoleptic analysis indicated that texture and color of HRK were changed at after storage, while SRK was still constant. It is concluded that silage composed of organic primer garbage has high quality in terms of physical, chemical and microbial characteristics, prolong storage.

scholarly journals Scalable synthesis of smooth PS@TiO2 core-shell and TiO2 hollow spheres in the (sub) micron size range: understanding synthesis and calcination parameters

2020 ◽  
Vol 298 (7) ◽  
pp. 867-878
Author(s):  
Anna M. Lechner ◽  
Tanja Feller ◽  
Qimeng Song ◽  
Bernd A. F. Kopera ◽  
Lukas Heindl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Range ◽  
Hollow Spheres ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Micron Size ◽  
Scalable Synthesis ◽  
Tio2 Hollow Spheres

scholarly journals Comparisons of QPFs Derived from Single- and Multicore Convection-Allowing Ensembles

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1955-1964
Author(s):  
Adam J. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Skill Score ◽  
Ensemble Forecast ◽  
Grid Spacing ◽  
Forecast System ◽  
Relative Operating Characteristic ◽  
Core System ◽  
Testing And Evaluation ◽  
Better Than

Abstract This study compares ensemble precipitation forecasts from 10-member, 3-km grid-spacing, CONUS domain single- and multicore ensembles that were a part of the 2016 Community Leveraged Unified Ensemble (CLUE) that was run for the 2016 NOAA Hazardous Weather Testbed Spring Forecasting Experiment. The main results are that a 10-member ARW ensemble was significantly more skillful than a 10-member NMMB ensemble, and a 10-member MIX ensemble (5 ARW and 5 NMMB members) performed about the same as the 10-member ARW ensemble. Skill was measured by area under the relative operating characteristic curve (AUC) and fractions skill score (FSS). Rank histograms in the ARW ensemble were flatter than the NMMB ensemble indicating that the envelope of ensemble members better encompassed observations (i.e., better reliability) in the ARW. Rank histograms in the MIX ensemble were similar to the ARW ensemble. In the context of NOAA’s plans for a Unified Forecast System featuring a CAM ensemble with a single core, the results are positive and indicate that it should be possible to develop a single-core system that performs as well as or better than the current operational CAM ensemble, which is known as the High-Resolution Ensemble Forecast System (HREF). However, as new modeling applications are developed and incremental changes that move HREF toward a single-core system are made possible, more thorough testing and evaluation should be conducted.

A photothermal method of simultaneous determination of ultra-shallow junction depth and abruptness

2004 ◽  
Vol 810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Salnick ◽  
Lena Nicolaides ◽  
Jon Opsal ◽  
Amitabh Jain ◽  
Duncan Rogers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
Junction Depth ◽  
Semiconductor Wafer ◽  
Photothermal Method ◽  
Shallow Junctions ◽  
Ultra Shallow Junctions ◽  
Secondary Ion ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRACTThermal wave (TW) studies of ultra-shallow junctions (USJ) formed by ion implantation into a semiconductor wafer followed by rapid thermal annealing (RTP) are described. It is shown that using the TW technique allows for a simultaneous determination of the most important USJ parameters – depth and profile abruptness. Experimental results for junction depth and abruptness obtained on a set of B+-implanted, RTP-annealed USJ samples show better than 0.99 correlations to the corresponding secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) data.

Anti-Friction Effect of Ball-Milled and Subsequently Annealed Expanded Graphite/Iron Powder Mixture

2012 ◽  
Vol 182-183 ◽  
pp. 319-322
Author(s):  
Yu Shan Li
Keyword(s):  
Size Range ◽  
Expanded Graphite ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Iron Powders ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Friction Effect ◽  
Air Atmosphere ◽  
Vacuum Atmosphere ◽  
Better Than

A mixture of expanded graphite (EG) and iron powders was ball-milled in a high-energy mill under an air atmosphere and subsequently annealed under a vacuum atmosphere. The products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and their anti-friction effect used as lubricating additive was investigated by using a tribo-tester. On the surface of the products, graphite encapsulated iron nanoparticles with a size range of 50-150 nm were formed. Compared with only milled EG/Fe powders, the products exhibit a higher crystallinity of graphite and iron. The products have a marked anti-friction effect, and this effect is better than that of the only milled EG/Fe powders.

High-Precision Characterization of III-Nitride Semiconductor Alloys with Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS)

1995 ◽  
Vol 395 ◽  
Author(s):  
J W. Erickson ◽  
Y. Gao ◽  
R. G. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Great Sensitivity ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Matrix Composition ◽  
Calibration Curves ◽  
Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ion Yields ◽  
Secondary Ion ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRACTSamples of representative AlxGayIn1−x-yN compositions have been studied with secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). First, ionized species of common interest (H, B, C, O, Mg, Si, and Cd) were implanted into the Ill-nitride samples to provide calibrated standards. Depth profiles and conversion factors for quantification of dopants were then obtained using O2+ or Cs+bombardment and positive or negative SIMS to measure B+ and Mg+; H−, B−, C−, O−, and Si−; and CdCs+. In addition calibration curves for quantification of stoichiometry were prepared using MCs+ ions (NCs+, AlCs−, GaCs+, InCs+) for which the ion yields are relatively independent of the matrix composition; and using atomic, dimer, and trimer ions (Al, Ga, In, Al2, Ga2, In2, Al3, Ga3) which are very sensitive to matrix composition. The empirical calibration curves show small non-linearities. Dopant concentrations can be quantified with great sensitivity (detection limits usually below 1 ppm), accuracy (usually better than 10%), and precision (better than 25%). Matrix stoichiometry can be quantified with an accuracy of about 1–3%.

scholarly journals A large-area blackbody for inflight calibration of an infrared interferometer deployed on board a long-duration balloon for stratospheric research

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friedhelm Olschewski ◽  
Christian Monte ◽  
Albert Adibekyan ◽  
Max Reiniger ◽  
Berndt Gutschwager ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Scale ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Atmospheric Measurements ◽  
Calibration Source ◽  
Aperture Diameter ◽  
International Temperature Scale ◽  
International Temperature ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Better Than

Abstract. The deployment of the imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer GLORIA (Gimballed Limb Observer for Radiance Imaging of the Atmosphere) on board a long-duration balloon for stratospheric research requires a blackbody for inflight calibration in order to provide traceability to the International Temperature Scale (ITS-90) to ensure comparability with the results of other experiments and over time. GLORIA, which has been deployed onboard various research aircraft such as the Russian M55 Geophysica or the German HALO in the past, shall also be used for detailed atmospheric measurements in the stratosphere up to 40 km altitude. The instrument uses a two-dimensional detector array and an imaging optics with a large aperture diameter of 36 mm and an opening angle of 4.07° × 4.07° for infrared limb observations. To overfill the field-of-view (FOV) of the instrument, a large-area blackbody radiation sources (125 mm × 125 mm) is required for inflight calibration. In order to meet the requirements regarding the scientific goals of the GLORIA missions, the radiance temperature of the blackbody calibration source has to be determined to better than 100 mK and the spatial uniformity shall be better than 100 mK. Since electrical resources onboard a stratospheric balloon are very limited, the latent heat of the phase change of a eutectic material is utilized for temperature stabilization of the calibration source, such that the blackbody has a constant temperature of about −32 °C corresponding to a typical temperature observed in the stratosphere. The Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Research at the University ofWuppertal designed and manufactured a prototype of the large-area blackbody for inflight calibration of an infrared interferometer deployed onboard a long-duration balloon for stratospheric research. This newly developed calibration source was tested under lab conditions as well as in a climatic and environmental test chamber in order to verify its performance especially under flight conditions. At PTB (Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt), the German national metrology institute the spectral and spatial radiance distribution of the blackbody was determined and traceability to the International Temperature Scale (ITS-90) has been assured. In this paper the design and performance of the Balloon-borne BlackBody (BBB) is presented.

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