scholarly journals Swiss Stained-Glass Panels: An Analytical Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 878-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreia Machado ◽  
Sophie Wolf ◽  
Luis C. Alves ◽  
Ildiko Katona-Serneels ◽  
Vincent Serneels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Mining District ◽  
Stained Glass ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Glass Panels ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Fluxing Agent ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThe history and iconography of Swiss stained glass dating between the 16th and 18th centuries are well studied. However, the chemical and morphological characteristics of the glass and glass paints, particularly the nature of the raw materials, the provenance of the glass, and the technology used to produce it are less well understood. In this paper, we studied two sets of samples from stained-glass panels attributed to Switzerland, which date from the 16th to 17th centuries: the first set comes from Pena National Palace collection, the second from Vitrocentre Romont. The aims were to identify the materials used in the production of the glass, to find out more about their production origin and to characterize the glass paints. Both glass and the glass paints were analysed by particle-induced X-ray emission; the paints were additionally analysed by scanning electron microscopy–electron-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The results show that the glass from both sets was probably produced in the same region and that wood ash was used as a fluxing agent. Different recipes have been used to make the blue enamels. However, the cobalt ore used as a coloring agent in all of the blue enamels came from the mining district in Schneeberg, Germany.

Synthesis and Properties of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles

2011 ◽  
Vol 299-300 ◽  
pp. 118-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Li ◽  
Jin Gui He ◽  
Xiao Wei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Cerium Oxide ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Thermal Treatment Temperature ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Structure And Morphology ◽  
Dispersing Agent ◽  
Scanning Electron

Cerium oxide(CeO2)nanoparticles were synthesized via a precipitation method using cerous sulfate, ammonia water and cetyl three methyl brominated ammoniu(CTAB) as raw materials. The effect of thermal treatment temperature and dispersing agent on the crystal structure and morphology were discussed. The structural evolutions and morphological characteristics of the nanoparticles were investigated using X-ray diffractometery, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that the broadening of CeO2peaks decreases by the increasing in heat-treatment temperature and the dispersing agent playes key roles in microstructure of the CeO2.

Fabrication and Properties of Panicum repens Reinforced Cement

2018 ◽  
Vol 879 ◽  
pp. 161-165
Author(s):  
Varinthorn Boonyaroj ◽  
Sirichai Saramanus
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Concentration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Optimal Ratio ◽  
Panicum Repens ◽  
Reinforced Cement ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Scanning Electron

This research aims to fabrication and evaluation the properties of cement reinforcement made from Panicumrepens. The research is divided into two parts are as follows; to determined the optimal ratio selection, and to compare the properties of Panicumrepens reinforced cement, and without grasses by using the optimal ratio. The raw materials used in this research were cut in length of 2.0-2.5 cm. In this research was determined the properties of Panicumrepens reinforced cement in terms of bulk density, water absorption, and compressive strength. The influence of fibers soaked with 5% of sodium hydroxide concentration was also conducted in this research. The surface structure and chemical characteristics of fibers used to produce reinforced cement were observed by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer (EDS), respectively. Moreover, relationships of information collected from this research were concerned. Furthermore, the addition of Panicumrepens fibers could improve the flexural strength of composite materials.

scholarly journals Effect of ZnO on Properties of Gels for Heritage Objects Conservation

Gels ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Oana-Cătălina Mocioiu ◽  
Irina Atkinson ◽  
Ana-Maria Mocioiu ◽  
Simona Neagu ◽  
Robert Ruginescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Salt Crystal ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transitional Metals ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Growth Of Bacteria ◽  
Scanning Electron

One of the current research objectives is the development of new films for the conservation of glass heritage objects. The value of historical glass objects is given by the technology and raw materials used in production as well as their transparency and color. Their colors are correlated with oxide composition rich in transitional metals, which decrease resistance of corrosive agents from the atmosphere. In this paper, SiO2-ZnO gels have been designed to protect historical glass objects. The sol–gel method used to obtain gels is a powerful tool for functionalizing different materials. An important functionalization is the antibacterial activity. By applying a gel, the coated material is able to decrease the growth of bacteria. After deposition, some gels must be strengthened by heat treatment. The effect of ZnO content (10 mol% and 20 mol%) on the properties of the studied gels was investigated by Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and antibacterial tests. Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and the halotolerant bacterium, Virgibacillus halodenitrificans, isolated from a salt crystal from Unirea mine, Slănic Prahova, Romania, were used. The gel Gel 2 (SiO2-ZnO (20 mol%)) showed the best properties.

scholarly journals Analytical study of Buddha sculptures in Jingyin temple of Taiyuan, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojian Bai ◽  
Chen Jia ◽  
Zhigen Chen ◽  
Yuxuan Gong ◽  
Huwei Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometry ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ancient China ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Unique Style ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractWith exquisite design and unique style, the painted sculptures of Tutang Buddha and two attendants Buddha in Jingyin Temple are precious cultural heritages of China. The sculpture of Tutang Buddha, which was carved from a mound and painted by ancient craftsmen, was rarely found in ancient China. However, due to natural and human factors, the sculptures were severely damaged. Obviously, they require urgent and appropriate protection and restoration. In this study, samples taken from the sculptures were analysed through multiple analytical techniques, including scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy (OM) and granulometry. The analysis results enable us to infer the techniques used by the craftsmen in making the sculptures and provide a reliable evidence for the conservation and future protection of these and similar sculptures.

The Roman Ceramics of Salobrena (Granada-Spain) and their Raw Materials

1992 ◽  
Vol 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana M De Andres ◽  
Isabel MuÑOZ
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Third ◽  
Good Number ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACTNineteen roman ceramic sherds found near Salobreña (Granada, Spain), in the western coast of the Mediterranean Sea, as well as different ceramic clays from the surroundingsare studied. Both clays and ceramic sherds are characterizad by X-ray diffraction and spectrometry, differential thermal analysis, and scanning electron and optical microscopies. A good number of the ceramic pieces, among which some “Terrae Sigillatae”, have a composition similar to that of the local clays and, thus, have been probably manufactured at Salobreña. Only a few of them have a foreign origin. For most of them, the firing temperature was about 800-850 °C, although some have been produced at 900-1000 °C, and some others at 1000-1100 °C. It is concluded that Salobreña appearsto have been an important settlement just in the third century of the Christian era.

Solvothermal Synthesis of Bi2Se3 Hexagonal Nanosheet Crystals

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 1712-1716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Tao Liu ◽  
Jun Dai ◽  
Jia Jia Zhang ◽  
Wei Dong Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Solvothermal Synthesis ◽  
Solvothermal Method ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Selected Area Electron Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Bismuth selenide (Bi2Se3) hexagonal nanosheet crystals with uniform size were successfully prepared via a solvothermal method at 160°C for 22 h using bismuth trichloride(BiCl3) and selenium powder(Se) as raw materials, sodium bisulfite(NaHSO3) as a reducing agent, diethylene glycol(DEG) as solvent, and ammonia as pH regulator. Various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) were used to characterize the obtained products. Results show that the as-synthesized samples are pure Bi2Se3 hexagonal nanosheet crystals. A possible growth mechanism for Bi2Se3 hexagonal nanosheet crystals is also discussed based on the experiment.

Influence of Fly Ash on Corrosion Resistance of Refractory Forsterite-Spinel Ceramics

2021 ◽  
Vol 325 ◽  
pp. 181-187
Author(s):  
Martin Nguyen ◽  
Radomír Sokolář
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transition Zones ◽  
Refractory Ceramics ◽  
Scanning Electron

This article examines the influence of fly ash on corrosion resistance of refractory forsterite-spinel ceramics by molten iron as a corrosive medium. Fly ash in comparison with alumina were used as raw materials and sources of aluminium oxide for synthesis of forsterite-spinel refractory ceramics. Raw materials were milled, mixed in different ratios into two sets of mixtures and sintered at 1550°C for 2 hours. Samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis and thermal dilatometric analysis. Crucibles were then made from the fired ceramic mixtures and fired together with iron at its melting point of 1535°C for 5 hours. The corrosion resistance was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy on the transition zones between iron and ceramics. Mixtures with increased amount of spinel had higher corrosion resistance and mixtures with fly ash were comparable to mixtures with alumina in terms of corrosion resistance and refractory properties.

scholarly journals PENGARUH RUTE SINTESIS TERHADAP KEEFEKTIFAN PENGIKATAN GUGUS PDETA PADA SINTESIS Fe3O4@SiO2@PDETA

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanto Susanto ◽  
Ricka Prasdiantika
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Trisodium Citrate ◽  
Modified Silica ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dispersion Agent ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Synthesis Routes ◽  
Mixing Sequences ◽  
Scanning Electron

Synthesis of Fe3O4@SiO2 modified with propyldiethylenetriamine (Fe3O4@SiO2@PDETA) with variation of synthesis routes have been investigated. Research was begun with synthesis of Fe3O4 using dispersion agent of trisodium citrate at coprecipitation system through stirring using ultrasonic wave. Coating magnetite with propyldiethylenetriamine modified silica was carried out through sol-gel process with two different mixing sequences of raw materials (two synthesis routes) with main materials of Fe3O4 synthesized, N-[3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl]-diethylenetriamine (TMSPDETA) and Na2SiO3. The products were characterized by fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer and scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX). Results indicate that Fe3O4@SiO2@PDETA has been synthesized succesfully. Fe3O4@SiO2@PDETA synthesized through route 1 (magnetite mixed with a mixture TMSPDETA and Na2SiO3) contains more propyldiethylenetriamine group than that of through route 2 (magnetite mixed with Na2SiO3 solution, then mixed with TMSPDETA)

Surface analytical study of uranium exposed to low pressures of hydrogen at ∼ 80°C

2012 ◽  
Vol 1444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Harker ◽  
Afiya H. Chohollo
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Treatment Cycle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Standard Samples ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Surface Precipitation ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Low Pressures ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACTIdentical samples of uranium coupons were prepared and each exposed to hydrogen for different times (where this time is significantly less than a classically understood ‘induction time’). Samples were prepared from rolled depleted uranium stock: as-received oxide was removed on all surfaces and two faces (~12x12 mm) were polished to a sub-micron standard. Samples were individually taken through a Vacuum Thermal Pre-Treatment cycle from room temperature to 200°C to the reaction temperature (80°C) over 40 hours and subsequently exposed to 10 mbar O2 for 24 hours. After O2 was removed, the samples were exposed to hydrogen for pre-determined times of up to 48 minutes. Examination of the samples by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) has, as expected, identified small features protruding from the surface believed to have been caused by sub-surface precipitation of UH3. In general these features are circular and isolated from each other, have a diameter of less than 3μm and appear as either ‘flat-topped’ or ‘domed’ morphology. In addition, longer time exposure samples show a predominance of ‘area attack’ where coalesced sub-surface precipitation appears to be confined to particular metal grains. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) data show an increase in the quantity of UH3 with time.

Preparation of the System of BaO-MgO-Al2O3-TiO2 Acid-Resistant Fracturing Proppants

2011 ◽  
Vol 399-401 ◽  
pp. 855-859
Author(s):  
Ting Ting Wu ◽  
Bo Lin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Pressureless Sintering ◽  
Alumina Matrix ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Acid Solubility ◽  
Resistance Performance ◽  
Scanning Electron

In order to improve the acid resistance and reduce the apparent density of fracturing proppants, TiO2 powder added in the system of BaO-MgO-Al2O3 fracturing proppants were prepared by the technique of pressureless sintering. The properties of the samples were investigated by the measurements of acid solubility, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the acid solubility of alumina matrix fracturing proppants contenting TiO2 of the 4wt% and BaO/MgO with the ratio of 3:7 is 0.15%. It is an important development in acid resistance performance of fracturing proppants research on laboratory. TiO2 is added to the raw materials and then calcine them to ceramics, which can reduces the sintering temperature, promote the densification and improve acid-resistant property of fracturing proppants.

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