Limitations in assessment of forage intake and diet composition of steers grazing tropical pastures with short-term intake rate and oesophageal fistulated steers

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
H. D. Hess ◽  
C.E. Lascano ◽  
M. Kreuzer
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Tropical Pastures ◽  
Arachis Pintoi ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryTwo grazing trials were carried out to compare the grazing selectivity of oesophageal fistulated and intact steers, and to measure short term grazing behaviour and daily intake of steers in pastures (six pasture types) based on Brachiaria humidicola and Arachis pintoi. During the rainy season, the composition of the pasture affected the proportion of legume in the diet selected by the two groups of steers. The property of the pasture best related to legume selected by the intact steers was the legume mass in the forage available. The proportion selected by the fistulated steers was best related to the proportion of legumes in the pasture. The legume proportion selected by the two groups of steers was related to the bulk density of legumes in the forage, but the type of relationship varied between the groups. The relationship for the fistulated steers was linear, and that for the intact steers was exponential with an asymptote. During the dry season the relationships for the fistulated animals were similar to those observed during the rainy season, but the proportion of legume in the diet of the intact animals was not affected by attributes of the pasture. The pattern of intake in the short term was not affected by the height or amount of forage available during the rainy season, but during the dry season the weight per bite, and short-term intake was related to the height and amount of forage available. Daily herbage intake was not related to short-term intake.The results of the first experiment confirmed that the selection of legumes by grazing steers can vary considerably between intact and fistulated steers. Furthermore it was suggested that the difference resulted partially from the different reactions of the two groups of experimental animals to changes in the attributes of the pasture. The second experiment showed that the daily intake of forage is not necessarily related to intake behaviour in the short term.

scholarly journals Hubungan Iklim Terhadap Produksi Serta Pendapatan Petani Karet di Kabupaten Padang Lawas Utara

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
Irwansyah Nasution ◽  
Tumpal H.S. Siregar ◽  
Erwin Pane
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Climatic Variable ◽  
Climate Variable ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Farmer Income ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rainy Days

This study examines the relationship of Climate Variables with Rubber Yield And Farmer Income In Three Subdistricts of Padang Lawas Utara.  This study aims to (1) to determine the effect of climate variable to rubber yield and, (2) To know the difference of farmer's income in rainy season and dry season. This research was conducted in March until May 2017. The result of research is climatic variable especially rainfall and rainy day very significant for influential  rubber yields in Three Subdistricts in Padang Lawas Utara. This may indicate that increasing rainfall amounts with higher rainy days cause a decrease in tapping days resulting in reduction of rubber productivity. There results also showed that farmers' income in rainy season difference in dry season whereas farmer income in dry season is higher than rainy season

scholarly journals Sward structure and short-term herbage intake in Arachis pintoi cv. Belmonte subjected to varying intensities of grazing

2017 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Silva ◽  
C. A. Fialho ◽  
L. R. Carvalho ◽  
L. Fonseca ◽  
P. C. F. Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Tropical Pastures ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Bite Rate ◽  
Sward Height ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Sward Structure

AbstractThe use of forage legumes has been proposed as a means of generating sustainable grazing environments. Their limited use, particularly in tropical pastures, is partially due to the limited knowledge regarding the efficiency of utilization by animals. The present study characterized the sward structure, nutritive value and ingestive behaviour of dairy heifers in pastures of peanut cv. Belmonte under continuous stocking management. Treatments corresponded to sward heights of 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm, according to a randomized complete block design, with four replications. The following response variables were evaluated: vertical distribution of the morphological components within the sward, forage mass, nutritive value (simulated grazing), bite rate (BR), bite mass (BM) and short-term herbage intake rate (STIR). The top half of the sward height was mainly composed of leaves and the bottom half mainly of stolon and dead material regardless of management height. Greater values of neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre were recorded during autumn, while higher values of in-vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility (0·85) occurred during spring regardless of management height for the grazed stratum. In relation to treatments, greater values of crude protein were recorded on swards managed at 5 cm (0·27) and 10 cm (0·26). Bite rate, BM and STIR varied with sward height, but not with a season of the year. The STIR followed a broken line response to sward height, with increasing values up to 13·1 cm (106 g DM/kg body weight). Sward structure played an important role in determining the STIR. To maximize the STIR of dairy heifers under continuous stocking management, swards should be managed at heights of not <13·1 cm.

scholarly journals Description of the larva of Bromeliagrion rehni (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) with bionomic notes concerning its phytotelmic habitat in central Amazonas, Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharlene R. da S. Torreias ◽  
Ulisses G. Neiss ◽  
Neusa Hamada ◽  
Ruth L. Ferreira-Keppler ◽  
Frederico A.A. Lencioni
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Stage Larva ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Apical Region ◽  
Last Stage ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

The last-stage larva of Bromeliagrion rehni Garrison in De Marmels & Garrison, 2005 is described and illustrated and bionomics and habitat information on this species are provided. The study was conducted in the Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, located near Manaus, state of Amazonas, Brazil.Twelve samplings were done between April, 2003 and April, 2005: six in the rainy season and six in the dry season. In each sampling month, 12 bromeliads (Guzmania brasiliensis Ule, 1907, Bromeliaceae) were collected, six of which were terrestrial and six epiphytic, yielding144 samples. A total of 75 specimens of B. rehni were collected. The relationship between larval B. rehni abundance and the measured environmental parameters (volume (ml), pH, season and stratum) was significant (ANCOVA, F = 5.296, d.f. = 130, p < 0.001). Larvae were most abundant in the rainy season (p < 0.01) and water volume was positively related to the abundance of B. rehni. Larvae of B. rehni can be distinguished from those of B. fernandezianum (the only species in the genus with described larvae) by the number of setae in the prementum and by the color of the apical region of the femur. The association of this species with phytotelmata of G. brasiliensis is reported here for the first time.

Stable Isotopes Analysis of Precipitation in Subtropical Plateau of Yunnan

2014 ◽  
Vol 1010-1012 ◽  
pp. 1059-1063
Author(s):  
Wei Guan ◽  
Tao Fan ◽  
Xiu Qin Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Precipitation Line ◽  
Stable Isotopic ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

To elucidate the relationship between stable isotopes of precipitation (SIP) and the extreme drought in Kunming area, based on the stable isotopes data of the GNIP in Kunming site from 1986 to 2003, the precipitation line equation is brought forward and the seasonal change rule of stable isotopes are discussed. The stable isotopic compositions of precipitation exhibit great diversities in different seasons during to influences of multiple factors, such as monsoon, rainfall amount moisture source and others. The δ18O values in rainwater exhibit significant seasonal variations, the average of-10.12‰ in rainy season, the dry season is-4.5‰, having lower values in the rainy season and higher one in the dry season. The amount effect of precipitation is very distinct, that concealed the temperature effect. Got the special geographical position,dvalues present unique characteristics, the average ofdvalues is 10.78‰ in rainy season, and is 4.86‰ in dry season, the mean value is generally lower than most parts of the world.

scholarly journals Concentration of Banking Sector and Loan Markups in Short Term: An Example from Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-44
Author(s):  
Krysztof Drachal
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Mortgage Market ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Monthly Data ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this paper is to present an analysis of the relationship between concentration of the banking sector and banks' markups on offered loans. The markup is understood as the difference between the rate offered by banks and the reference rate fixed by the Monetary Policy Council. The period between 2009 and 2013 was analyzed. Monthly data from the Polish banking sector were considered. This paper also consists of the literature review, which focuses on the mortgage market. The methodology used for the analysis is based mainly on simple linear regression techniques. It is found that such methods are not sufficient to give conclusive answers. Therefore additional future research is proposed.

Effect of type of supplement offered out of parlour on grazing behaviour and performance by lactating dairy cows grazing continuously stocked grass swards

2002 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Gibb ◽  
C. A. Huckle ◽  
R. Nuthall
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Jaw Movements ◽  
Eating Time ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Supplement Intake ◽  
Grazing Behaviour

AbstractTwo 4-week experiments were conducted to examine the effect of type of supplement, offered through automatic feeders at pasture, on supplement intake and grazing behaviour by multiparous spring-calving Holstein-Friesian cows grazing continuously stocked grass pastures. Four supplement formulations were used: a dairy concentrate containing 180 g crude protein per kg fresh weight (treatment DC), a high digestible undegraded protein supplement (treatment HP), a high starch, low protein supplement (treatment HS) and a high fibre supplement (treatment HF). In experiment 1, groups of eight cows were provided with access to one of diets DC, HP or HS, with a maximum of 4 kg being available during each of two periods, between 16:00 and 03:30 h and between 03:30 and 14:30 h. During experiment 2, groups of eight cows were provided access to diet DC, HP, HS or HF, up to a maximum of 8 kg between 16:00 and 14:30 h the following day. Detailed measurements of grazing, ruminating and supplement eating behaviour were made using jaw movement recorders and the transponder-controlled out-of-parlour feeder software. Treatment had no effect on intake rate per min or daily intake of supplement in either experiment, but did affect the temporal pattern of concentrate meals. Treatment did not affect grazing bite mass, bite rate or intake rate in either experiment. During experiment 1, compared with treatment DC, treatment HS reduced total eating time, total grazing jaw movements and daily herbage intake and increased ruminative mastications per bolus and ruminative mastications per kg grass OM intake. In experiment 2, compared with treatment DC, only treatment HS reduced total eating time, total grazing jaw movements and daily herbage intake. Treatments HS and HF both increased ruminative mastications per bolus. The results indicate that when supplements are available at pasture there is a conflict between the time required to consume supplements and herbage and that supplement type can affect both the temporal pattern of supplement intake and subsequent grazing activity.

scholarly journals Coleopterans prospection associated to forest ecosystems of Swietenia macrophylla (King), Eastern Amazonia

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1775
Author(s):  
Ruy Guilherme Correia ◽  
Francisco de Assis Oliveira ◽  
Leandro Silva de Souza ◽  
Raphael Lobato Prado Neves ◽  
Jéssy Anni Vilhena Senado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Swietenia Macrophylla ◽  
The Difference

Few research on the entomofauna associated to forest plantations with Swietenia macrophylla (King) in Brazil has been reported. The aim of this study was to analyze the Coleoptera communities in forest ecosystems with S. macrophylla, Brazilian mahogany, with emphasis on the diversity of families and the main functional groups. The insects were collected through pitfall traps in three forest ecosystems: monoculture, consortium and forest enriched with Brazilian mahogany, during dry and rainy periods in two consecutive years. The identification of the captured insects occurred in the entomology laboratory of the Federal Rural University of Amazonia. The analysis was performed through Past Paleontological Statistic 3.14 and ANAFAU, where the difference was considered significant only when p ? 0.05. 11,358 specimens from 21 families were captured, of which 8,058 were sampled in the rainy season and 3,299 in the dry season. There was influence of seasonality and types of forest ecosystems during collection. The families Nitidulidae, Staphylinidae, Carabidae and Meloidae presented greater abundance and richness in the complex ecosystems. Anobiidae, Cerambycidae, Bostrichidae, Brentidae, Buprestidae, Curculionidae, Elateridae, Chrysomelidae and Lagriidae were considered to be pests and common to all studied ecosystems; however, the families Nitidulidae, Scarabaeidae, Tenebrionidae and Passalidae had the function of decomposers; Carabidae, Coccinellidae, Histeridae, Meloidae, Staphylinidae, Cantharidae and Hydrophilidae were the predators.

scholarly journals D-dimer daily continuous tendency predicts the short-term prognosis for COVID-19 independently: A retrospective study from Northeast China

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yinting Xing ◽  
Wei Yang ◽  
Yingyu Jin ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Xiuru Guan
Keyword(s):  
Cox Regression ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Prognosis Group ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Worse Prognosis ◽  
D Dimer

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To study whether D-dimer daily continuous tendency could predict the short-term prognosis of COVID-19. PATIENTS AND METHODES: According to the short-term prognosis, 81 COVID-19 patients were divided into two groups, one of worse prognosis (Group W) and the other of better prognosis (Group B). The slope of D-dimer linear regression during hospitalization (SLOPE) was calculated as an indicator of D-dimer daily continuous tendency. The SLOPE difference between Group W and Group B was compared. The difference between the discharge results and the 3-month follow-up results was also compared. COX regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between SLOPE and short-term prognosis of COVID-19. RESULTS: There were 16 patients in Group W and 65 patients in Group B. Group W had more critical proportion (p <  0.0001), indicating that the symptoms of its patients were more severe during hospitalization. ARDS, the most visible cause of worse prognosis, accounted for up to 68.75%, and many symptoms merged and resulted in worse prognosis. The D-dimer levels of Group W not only were significantly higher (p <  0.0001), but also showed an increasing trend. In addition, the D-dimer levels at discharge were significantly higher than those at follow-up (p = 0.0261), and the mean difference was as high as 0.7474. SLOPE significantly correlated with the short-term prognosis of COVID-19 independently (RR: 1.687, 95% CI: 1.345–2.116, P <  0.0001). The worst prognosis occurred most likely during the first month after COVID-19 diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Our study found that D-dimer daily continuous tendency independently correlates with worse prognosis and can be used as an independent predictor of the short-term prognosis for COVID-19.

scholarly journals Herbage intake and animal performance of cattle grazing dwarf elaphant grass with two access times to a forage peanut area

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 607-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Melo de Liz ◽  
Henrique Mendonça Nunes Ribeiro Filho ◽  
Ederson Americo de Andrade ◽  
Camila Zardo de Nardi ◽  
Marcolino Frederico Miguel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Tropical Pastures ◽  
Arachis Pintoi ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Medium Quality ◽  
Dwarf Elephant Grass

Relatively short grazing periods in a pure legume pasture can be an alternative for increasing animal performance in medium-quality tropical pastures. Thus, the aim was to evaluate the herbage intake and animal performance of steers grazing dwarf elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum. cv. BRS Kurumi) with two access times [2 h (07:00 - 9:00) and 6 h (07:00 - 13:00)] to an area of forage peanut (Arachis pintoi cv. Amarillo). Twelve steers (219 ± 28.8 kg LW) were divided into four groups and assessed during three consecutive grazing cycles, from January to March 2013. The crude protein and neutral detergent fiber contents were 158 and 577 g/kg dry matter (DM) for dwarf elephant grass and 209 and 435 g/kg DM for forage peanut, respectively. The pre-grazing height and leaf mass of dwarf elephant grass and forage peanut were 94 cm and 2782 kg DM/ha and 15 cm and 1751 kg DM/ha, respectively. The herbage intake (mean = 2.7 ± 0.06% LW) and average daily weight gain (mean = 1.16 ± 0.31 kg/day) were similar for both treatments. However, animals with 2-h access to the legume paddock grazed for 71% of the time, whereas those with 6-h access grazed for 48% of the time. The performance of the steers that were allowed to graze forage peanut pasture for 2 h is similar to that of those that were allowed to graze the legume pasture for 6 h.

scholarly journals Dynamic Analysis of Retailers’ Paid Membership Strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Lina Xu ◽  
Zhiqing Meng
Keyword(s):  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Default Risk ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Adjustment Factor ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Fierce Competition ◽  
The Relationship

Paid membership system has attracted more and more attention from retailers because of its advantages in improving customer loyalty, increasing repeat purchases and corporate cash flow in the short term, and collecting consumption data conveniently. In the fierce competition environment, it is an interesting topic whether the paid membership card can be accepted by the customers as soon as possible. Based on the theory of evolutionary game, this paper discusses the strategies of retailers to implement the paid membership in the case of two different consumer groups. The results show that only when the relationship between the parameters meets certain conditions can the paid membership card be accepted smoothly. In order to satisfy the condition, retailers should take such measures: making the difference between service level and membership card price bigger and reducing consumers’ estimated default risk and retailers’ service adjustment factor. The results of this study provide a useful reference for retailers to successfully implement the paid membership system.

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