Effects of transportation on cattle health and production: a review

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. K. Van Engen ◽  
J. F. Coetzee
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Physiologic Parameters ◽  
Cattle Health ◽  
Physiologic Responses

AbstractThe goal of this review is to present a concise and critical assessment of the literature related to physiologic responses in cattle that are subjected to transportation. Over two-thirds of US cattle are transported. Understanding trends in circulating physiologic parameters is an important part of mitigating the negative effects of transportation. For the producer, linking these effects after transportation to morbidity outcomes within the first 45 days on feed (i.e. especially development of bovine respiratory disease) is critical. Physiologic parameters in circulation are of primary importance and may have value for prediction of bovine respiratory disease on arrival and for the understanding of disease pathogenesis. The results of our literature survey indicated that post-transportation immune function, increased acute phase proteins, glucocorticoids, and inflammation are a pivotal starting point for understanding disease. These potential biomarkers may have utility in identifying disease for targeted therapeutics so that traditional protocols that rely heavily on metaphylaxis can be avoided. Additional research is needed to develop strategies for physiological marker identification, treatment methods, or predictive behaviors to prevent respiratory disease before and after transport. This review examines the significant deleterious effects of transportation handling and stress, and current immune system translation and non-antimicrobial mitigation strategies.

scholarly journals Potential diagnostic methods and nutritional changes to combat bovine respiratory disease in receiving cattle

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Cooper Daniel Martin
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Beef Industry ◽  
Healthy Cattle ◽  
Cattle Health

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) accounts for up to 70 percent of health disruptions and $500 million in associated medical costs and production losses, thus receiving considerable attention from cattle health personnel in production and research alike. Experiments were conducted in 2 studies to investigate aspects of nutrition and animal health in receiving cattle. Blood chemistry and immune components of sick and healthy cattle, along with feed intake, growth, and feed efficiency were evaluated for methods potentially useful in BRD diagnosis or offsetting performance losses. Intake, blood chemistry analysis, and immune proteins known as acute phase proteins provided patterns with possible complementarity for more accurate objective BRD diagnosis. Feed efficiency was improved by supplementing amino acids to exceed nutrient requirements. Utilizing these findings could provide incremental improvements in the current stalemate against BRD, improving both beef industry profitability and animal welfare.

scholarly journals Efficacy of an extended-release tilmicosin preparation and tulathromycin in the treatment of bovine respiratory disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor Sumano ◽  
José A. Valencia ◽  
Marcela Viveros ◽  
Graciela Tapia-Pérez ◽  
Lilia Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Clinical Cure ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Antibacterial Drug ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Histophilus Somni ◽  
Before And After

A trial to evaluate the treatment of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) was established with tulathromycin (Tul-group) and tilmicosin (Til-group). This latter antibacterial drug is pharmaceutically prepared for 8-10 d sustained release. The challenge was carried out with spontaneously BRD-affected bulls, divided into Til-group (ɳ=44) and Tul-group (ɳ=50). Bulls were treated only once with either antibacterial drugs. Bacteriological analysis, arterial and venous blood chemistry, gasometrical parameters, and body temperature were obtained before and after treatment. The clinical cure rate was registered on days 7, 15, and 30. No mortality was observed. Clinical cure was statistically undistinguishable on these days (P> 0.05), and in both groups, all animals were considered healthy until day 30. Only customary pathogens were isolated i.e., Mannhemia hemolytica 38.88% (70/180), Pasteurella multocida 26.11% (47/180), Histophilus somni 18.33% (33/180, and Trueperella pyogenes 16.66% (30/180).

scholarly journals Development of Bacterial Therapeutics against the Bovine Respiratory Pathogen Mannheimia haemolytica

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samat Amat ◽  
Edouard Timsit ◽  
Danica Baines ◽  
Jay Yanke ◽  
Trevor W. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Commensal Bacteria ◽  
Mannheimia Haemolytica ◽  
Respiratory Pathogen ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in beef cattle. Recent evidence suggests that commensal bacteria of the bovine nasopharynx have an important role in maintaining respiratory health by providing colonization resistance against pathogens. The objective of this study was to screen and select bacterial therapeutic candidates from the nasopharynxes of feedlot cattle to mitigate the BRD pathogen Mannheimia haemolytica. In a stepwise approach, bacteria (n = 300) isolated from the nasopharynxes of 100 healthy feedlot cattle were identified and initially screened (n = 178 isolates from 12 different genera) for growth inhibition of M. haemolytica. Subsequently, selected isolates were evaluated for the ability to adhere to bovine turbinate (BT) cells (n = 47), compete against M. haemolytica for BT cell adherence (n = 15), and modulate gene expression in BT cells (n = 10). Lactobacillus strains had the strongest inhibition of M. haemolytica, with 88% of the isolates (n =33) having inhibition zones ranging from 17 to 23 mm. Adherence to BT cells ranged from 3.4 to 8.0 log10 CFU per 105 BT cells. All the isolates tested in competition assays reduced M. haemolytica adherence to BT cells (32% to 78%). Among 84 bovine genes evaluated, selected isolates upregulated expression of interleukin 8 (IL-8) and IL-6 (P < 0.05). After ranking isolates for greatest inhibition, adhesion, competition, and immunomodulation properties, 6 Lactobacillus strains from 4 different species were selected as the best candidates for further development as intranasal bacterial therapeutics to mitigate M. haemolytica infection in feedlot cattle. IMPORTANCE Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a significant animal health issue impacting the beef industry. Current BRD prevention strategies rely mainly on metaphylactic use of antimicrobials when cattle enter feedlots. However, a recent increase in BRD-associated bacterial pathogens that are resistant to metaphylactic antimicrobials highlights a pressing need for the development of novel mitigation strategies. Based upon previous research showing the importance of respiratory commensal bacteria in protecting against bronchopneumonia, this study aimed to develop bacterial therapeutics that could be used to mitigate the BRD pathogen Mannheimia haemolytica. Bacteria isolated from the respiratory tracts of healthy cattle were characterized for their inhibitory, adhesive, and immunomodulatory properties. In total, 6 strains were identified as having the best properties for use as intranasal therapeutics to inhibit M. haemolytica. If successful in vivo, these strains offer an alternative to metaphylactic antimicrobial use in feedlot cattle for mitigating BRD.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Pathogens Related to Bovine Respiratory Disease Before and After Transportation in Beef Steers: Preliminary Results

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Cirone ◽  
Barbara Padalino ◽  
Daniele Tullio ◽  
Paolo Capozza ◽  
Michele Losurdo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Histophilus Somni ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a serious health and economic problem in the beef industry, which is often associated with transportation and caused by different pathogens. The prevalence of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1), bovine adenovirus (BAdV), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine coronavirus (BCoV), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine parainfluenza virus (BPiV), Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica, Histophilus somni, Mycoplasma bovis, in the nasal microbiota of beef steers before and after the same long-distance journey from France to southern Italy was documented. Fifty-six Limousine animals of three different shipments, travelling on three different days from February to April, were included. Prior to shipment (T0) and four days after arrival (T1), two DNS/animal were collected and tested by Real Time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Univariate logistic regression was carried out, considering time and day as fixed factors and the outcome of qPCR for each pathogen as a dependent categorical dichotomous variable (positive/negative, 1/0). The fact that the number of H. somni positive animals were found to be higher in the third shipment than the first and second one, indicating that this pathogen was already present before loading, is relevant. The prevalence of BCoV, BRSV, M. haemolytica, M. bovis, P. multocida was higher at T1 than T0, suggesting that other factors, such as stress and the epidemiological status of the arrival farm, played a role. The tested animals were not treated before and after transport, and our results are in agreement with the current literature, supporting the hypothesis that the prevalence of pathogens related to BRD would increase after travelling, with an increased risk of pathogens shedding.

Bovine respiratory disease treatment failure: definition and impact

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-174
Author(s):  
Calvin W. Booker
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Employee Morale ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Carcass Disposal ◽  
Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽  
Indirect Impacts

AbstractBovine respiratory disease (BRD) treatment failure occurs when animals receiving a treatment regimen for BRD fail to directly return to health, resulting in chronic illness and a requirement for repeated treatments, sale for salvage slaughter, euthanasia or death. BRD treatment failure has both direct and indirect impacts. Direct impacts include costs to manage chronically ill animals, including those associated with BRD relapse treatment; reduced returns from animals sent for salvage slaughter, loss of the initial investment to purchase the animal and feed and other accumulated expenses to death, and costs associated with carcass disposal. Indirect impacts include costs of infrastructure requirements, and negative effects on animal welfare and employee morale.

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