Bovine respiratory disease treatment failure: definition and impact

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-174
Author(s):  
Calvin W. Booker
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Employee Morale ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Carcass Disposal ◽  
Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽  
Indirect Impacts

AbstractBovine respiratory disease (BRD) treatment failure occurs when animals receiving a treatment regimen for BRD fail to directly return to health, resulting in chronic illness and a requirement for repeated treatments, sale for salvage slaughter, euthanasia or death. BRD treatment failure has both direct and indirect impacts. Direct impacts include costs to manage chronically ill animals, including those associated with BRD relapse treatment; reduced returns from animals sent for salvage slaughter, loss of the initial investment to purchase the animal and feed and other accumulated expenses to death, and costs associated with carcass disposal. Indirect impacts include costs of infrastructure requirements, and negative effects on animal welfare and employee morale.

scholarly journals A retrospective analysis of risk factors associated with bovine respiratory disease treatment failure in feedlot cattle1

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 1521-1527
Author(s):  
T. D. Avra ◽  
K. M. Abell ◽  
D. D. Shane ◽  
M. E. Theurer ◽  
R. L. Larson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Factors Associated

Impact of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) from the perspective of the Canadian beef producer

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kee Jim
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Direct And Indirect Costs ◽  
Carcass Disposal ◽  
The Cost

AbstractThe costs of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) to the beef producer can be estimated by identifying and summing the direct and indirect costs associated with the disease. The major direct costs are attributable to the cost of the feeder, production costs and carcass disposal. The indirect costs are mainly associated with infrastructure and labour.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Rhys Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽  
Indirect Impacts ◽  
The Impact

This is a brief introduction to the re-emergence of China as a global economic power, emphasizing the role played by changes in the global economy from the 1970s and the internal reforms in China from the end of the 1970s. It describes briefly the importance of economic relations with China for Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), and introduces contrasting views of the impact of China on SSA and LAC. It emphasizes a framework which highlights both the direct and indirect impacts of China on the two regions, and identifies both positive and negative effects. It provides an outline of the main parts and chapters of the book.

scholarly journals Assessing the Levels of Awareness among European Citizens about the Direct and Indirect Impacts of Plastics on Human Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3116
Author(s):  
Jelena Barbir ◽  
Walter Leal Filho ◽  
Amanda Lange Salvia ◽  
Maren Theresa Christin Fendt ◽  
Rachel Babaganov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
General Public ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽  
Indirect Impacts ◽  
Scientific Facts ◽  
Available Information

There is an urgent need to assess European citizens’ perspective regarding their plastic consumption and to evaluate their awareness of the direct and indirect effect of plastics on human health in order to influence current behavior trends. In this study, the evaluation has been cross-related with scientific facts, with the final aim of detecting the most recommendable paths in increasing human awareness, reducing plastic consumption, and consequently impacting human health. A statistical analysis of quantitative data, gathered from 1000 European citizens via an online survey in the period from May to June 2020, showed that a general awareness about the direct impact of plastic consumption and contamination (waste) on human health is high in Europe. However, only a few participants (from a higher educational group) were aware of the indirect negative effects that oil extraction and industrial production of plastic can have on human health. This finding calls for improved availability of this information to general public. Despite the participants’ positive attitude toward active plastic reduction (61%), plastic consumption on a daily basis is still very high (86%). The most common current actions toward plastic reduction are plastic bag usage, reusage, or replacement with sustainable alternatives (e.g., textile bags) and selecting products with less plastic packaging. The participants showed important criticism toward the information available to the general public about plastics and health. This awareness is important since significant relation has been found between the available information and the participants’ decisions on the actions they might undertake to reduce plastic consumption. The study clearly showed the willingness of the participants to take action, but they also requested to be strongly supported with joint efforts from government, policies, and marketing, defining it as the most successful way toward implementing these changes.

Effects of transportation on cattle health and production: a review

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. K. Van Engen ◽  
J. F. Coetzee
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Physiologic Parameters ◽  
Cattle Health ◽  
Physiologic Responses

AbstractThe goal of this review is to present a concise and critical assessment of the literature related to physiologic responses in cattle that are subjected to transportation. Over two-thirds of US cattle are transported. Understanding trends in circulating physiologic parameters is an important part of mitigating the negative effects of transportation. For the producer, linking these effects after transportation to morbidity outcomes within the first 45 days on feed (i.e. especially development of bovine respiratory disease) is critical. Physiologic parameters in circulation are of primary importance and may have value for prediction of bovine respiratory disease on arrival and for the understanding of disease pathogenesis. The results of our literature survey indicated that post-transportation immune function, increased acute phase proteins, glucocorticoids, and inflammation are a pivotal starting point for understanding disease. These potential biomarkers may have utility in identifying disease for targeted therapeutics so that traditional protocols that rely heavily on metaphylaxis can be avoided. Additional research is needed to develop strategies for physiological marker identification, treatment methods, or predictive behaviors to prevent respiratory disease before and after transport. This review examines the significant deleterious effects of transportation handling and stress, and current immune system translation and non-antimicrobial mitigation strategies.

scholarly journals Trichostrongylus colubriformis affecting sheep phosphorus metabolism and precision feeding as a mitigating strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tairon Pannunzio Dias-Silva ◽  
Helder Louvandini ◽  
Alessandro Francisco Talamini do Amarante
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolism ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Trichostrongylus Colubriformis ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Feeding Type ◽  
High Reduction ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽  
Indirect Impacts

Abstract This review details the negative effects of Trichostrongylus colubriformis infection in sheep phosphorus metabolism and direct and indirect impacts from high excretion from susceptible animals, as well as the advantages offered by precision feeding as potential strategies to mitigate loss. In sheep infected with T. colubriformis there is a high reduction in P bioavailability, because of depression in the absorptive capacity of this mineral, affecting the absorption and recycling of P to the digestive tract, causing mineral deficiency. Therefore, precision feeding compiles animal genetics information, feeding type and grazing management to control animal feed intake and quantity and quality of manure produced. In this sense, the adoption of precision feeding can provide a better arrangement of the information, making sheep production more economically, socially and environmentally sustainable.

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