Theory-driven role model stories improve palliative care knowledge among a diverse older population

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah F. Hoe ◽  
Kayla Johari ◽  
Anna Rahman ◽  
Susan Enguidanos
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Assisted Living ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Real People ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Knowledge Scale ◽  
Cognitively Intact

Abstract Objective To test the effectiveness of theoretically driven role model video stories in improving knowledge of palliative care among a diverse sample of older adults. Method We developed three 3–4 min long theoretically driven role model video stories. We then recruited cognitively intact, English-speaking adults aged 50 and older from senior centers, assisted living, and other community-based sites in the greater Los Angeles area. Using a pretest–posttest study design, we surveyed participants using the 13-item Palliative Care Knowledge Scale (PaCKS) and also asked participants about their intentions to enroll in palliative care should the need arise. Participants first completed the pretest, viewed the three videos, then completed the posttest comprised of the same set of questions. Results PaCKS score improved from an average of 4.5 at baseline to 10.0 following video screening (t(126) = 12.0, p < 0.001). Intentions to enroll oneself or a family member in palliative care rose by 103% (χ2 = 7.8, p < 0.01) and 110% (χ2 = 7.5, p < 0.01), respectively. Regression analysis revealed that participants who believed the role models are real people (β = 2.6, SE = 1.2, p < 0.05) significantly predicted higher change in PaCKS score. Conversely, participants with prior knowledge of, or experience with, palliative care (β = −5.9, SE = 0.8, p < 0.001), non-whites (β = −3.6, SE = 0.9, p < 0.001), and widows (β = −2.9, SE = 1.1, p < 0.01) significantly predicted lower changes in PaCKS score. Significance of results This study suggests that theoretically driven role model video stories may be an effective strategy to improve palliative care knowledge. Role model video stories of diverse palliative care patients provide one way to mitigate health literacy barriers to palliative care knowledge.

scholarly journals THEORY-DRIVEN ROLE MODEL STORIES’ EFFECTIVENESS IN IMPROVING PALLIATIVE CARE KNOWLEDGE AMONG A DIVERSE POPULATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S689-S689
Author(s):  
Deborah Hoe ◽  
Anna Rahman ◽  
Kayla Johari ◽  
Susan Enguidanos
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Assisted Living ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Real People ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Palliative care, specialized medical care for seriously ill people, has been demonstrated to reduce pain and symptoms while increasing satisfaction with health care. Yet, national surveys show that less than 10% of people are aware of palliative care, and among these, many believe it to be synonymous with hospice. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of 3-minute long theoretically-driven role model video stories at improving knowledge of palliative care. We recruited 161 adults age 50 and older from senior centers, assisted living, and other community-based sites. Pretest-posttest study design was employed and each participant completed 20 question surveys about palliative care knowledge, intent to seek palliative care, and perceptions about the videos. We also recorded participants’ opinions of the videos. Regression analysis was conducted to test the effectiveness of the role model video stories and qualitative analysis to elicit the major themes in participants’ opinions. Overall, palliative care knowledge score (max=13) improved from an average of 4.64 to 9.99 (t=11.99, p&lt;0.001). Two-sample t-test revealed no significant difference in change of score by race. Regression analysis revealed that belief in the role models as real people and participants with 12 years of education significantly predicted higher change in knowledge scores. Conversely, being non-white and widowed were significant predictors of lower changes in score. Qualitative analysis of participants’ perspectives revealed two major positive themes: authenticity and informativeness of videos. This study suggests that theoretically-driven role model video stories may be an effective strategy to improve palliative care knowledge.

Community knowledge of and attitudes to palliative care: A descriptive study

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Collins ◽  
Sue-Anne McLachlan ◽  
Jennifer Philip
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Engagement Strategies ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
English Speaking

Background: Palliative care is predominantly accessed late in the course of an illness, despite evidence to suggest the benefits of early engagement. Strategies are required to reduce the barriers to the delivery of palliative care. Aim: To describe community understandings of and attitudes to palliative care and explore characteristics significantly associated with favourable attitudes towards palliative care. Design: Cross-sectional survey data were collected including several sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge of palliative care and attitudes to palliative care. Correlational analyses identified factors related to positive attitudes to palliative care. Those of significance ( p ⩽ 0.01) were examined using a multiple regression model to determine their predictive value. Setting/participants: A community-based sample of consecutive English-speaking adults who volunteered their participation in response to a study advertisement distributed online through established community groups. Results: A total of 421 participants (75% female, mean age: 51 ± 15.1) reported a median of at least three misperceptions of palliative care. Older age, previously undertaking a caregiving role, knowing someone who had received palliative care and reporting more accurate knowledge of palliative care significantly predicted favourable attitudes to palliative care (adjusted R2 = 0.24, F(8, 333) = 13.2, p < 0.001). Other factors typically associated with health literacy such as tertiary education, working at a medical facility and speaking a language other than English at home were not predictive. Conclusion: Gaps in knowledge about palliative care exist in community, which may limit citizen’s potential access to quality care in the event of serious illness. These results point to a role for public education programmes, which may, in turn, also shift attitudes to palliative care.

scholarly journals Palliative Care in the Community – The Role of the Resource Nurse

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Håkon Johansen ◽  
Ann Karin Helgesen
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Palliative Care Team ◽  
Care Team ◽  
Ethical Awareness ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Group Interviews

Abstract Background : Approaches involving resource nurses have been used in several fields of practice to enhance quality of care. A literature review reveals limited research on the role of the resource nurse in palliative care in the community.Aim: To explore experiences pertaining to the resource nurse’s role in palliative care in nursing homes in Norway.Design: An explorative and descriptive design using group interviews. Methods: Two semi structured group interviews were conducted. Five resource nurses participated in the first interview, two resource nurses participated in the last interview. The group interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim and analysed with systematic text condensation.Results: The resource nurses wish to promote high-quality palliative care. They are skilled palliative nurses working clinically, and they use their experience and knowledge to talk about and demonstrate good practice. By conveying knowledge and being role models, they bolster their colleagues’ confidence and skills in palliative care and contribute to a shared view of quality. They can potentially play an important role in facilitating reflection and collaboration in the palliative care team. However, the resource nurse’s function is affected by interpersonal, managerial and organisational factors.Conclusion: The resource nurse most important tool in promoting high-quality palliative care may be to support their colleagues being a role model and sharing knowledge and experience. The resource nurses play an important role in facilitating reflection and collaboration in the palliative care team and may contribute to ethical awareness and proper dialogues about end of life issues.

scholarly journals Palliative care in the community – the role of the resource nurse, a qualitative study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Håkon Johansen ◽  
Ann Karin Helgesen
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Palliative Care Team ◽  
Care Team ◽  
Ethical Awareness ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Group Interviews

Abstract Background Approaches involving resource nurses have been used in several fields of practice to enhance quality of care. A literature review reveals limited research on the role of the resource nurse in palliative care in the community. Aim To explore experiences related to the role of the resource nurse in palliative care in the setting of nursing homes in Norway. Design The study has an explorative design with a qualitative approach. Methods Two semi structured group interviews were conducted. Five resource nurses participated in the first interview, two resource nurses participated in the last interview. The group interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim and analysed with systematic text condensation. Results The resource nurses wish to promote high-quality palliative care. They are skilled palliative nurses working clinically, and they use their experience and knowledge to talk about and demonstrate good practice. By conveying knowledge and being role models, they bolster their colleagues’ confidence and skills in palliative care and contribute to a shared view of quality. They can potentially play an important role in facilitating reflection and collaboration in the palliative care team. However, the resource nurse’s function is affected by interpersonal, managerial and organisational factors. Conclusion The resource nurse most important tool in promoting high-quality palliative care may be to support their colleagues being a role model, and sharing knowledge and experience. The resource nurses play an important role in facilitating reflection and collaboration in the palliative care team and may contribute to ethical awareness and proper dialogues about end of life issues.

scholarly journals Insights from a community-based palliative care course: a qualitative study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Pastrana ◽  
Johannes Wüller ◽  
Simone Weyers ◽  
Eduardo Bruera
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Personal Contact ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Select Group

Abstract Background The vast majority of medical students have no exposure to clinical palliative care encounters, especially in the community. Medical schools should respond to current challenges and needs of health systems by guaranteeing students adequate training that addresses palliative care needs of populations in different settings. The main purpose of this qualitative study was to capture the experiences of a select group of medical students’ following a community-based PC course. Methods We carried out a qualitative study using two focus groups to capture the experience of medical students in a course that combined classroom teaching with community-based learning for undergraduate medical students in Germany. Discussions were transcribed and analyzed thematically. Results Fifteen female students in their 2nd to 5th year participated in the focus groups, which provided didactic teaching and experiential learning. Four areas were particularly relevant: (1) authenticity, (2) demystification of the concepts of palliative care through personal contact with patients, (3) translation of theoretical knowledge into practice, and (4) observation of a role model interacting with seriously ill patients and engaging in difficult conversations. Conclusion Students whose encounters with patients and their families went beyond a review of their medical records had a better grasp of the holistic nature of PC than those who did not. Bringing students directly from the hospital to patients in their homes reinforced the benefits of an integrated healthcare system.

Significance and Role of Athletes in Ethical Education of Youth

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-74
Author(s):  
Ivana Markov Čikić ◽  
Aleksandar Ivanovski
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Ethical Education ◽  
Open Issue ◽  
Clear Identification ◽  
Relationship Of

Summary One cannot write about the relationship of young people and current sports stars in modern society without having previously studied the processes of mediation and globalisation of sport, and the transformation of traditional social values. The goal of the science and practice engaged in sports and education of young people is a constant quest for preserving universal ethical values and reconciling them with the modern-day social processes. This paper will present the result of a survey conducted with adolescents in five different Serbian cities in order to find the answer to the question if sportspersons were their favourite television role-models. According to the results of our survey, 45% of adolescents do not have a favourite TV personality and do not know for sure who that could be. Novak Đoković, who would be the choice of adults for a role model of the young, with 63.2% according to the survey conducted by the Ministry of Youth and Sports, scored 3.81% in our survey with adolescents who would chose Novak Đoković as their favourite TV personality. The necessity of raising media literacy of young people with the aim of clear identification of sports role models who are going to improve their quality of life still remains an open issue for further research on this course.

Archetypic branding with positions of ergonomic support of marketing researches

Ergodesign ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
Marijam Arpentieva
Keyword(s):  
Role Models ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Specific Role ◽  
Brand Strategy

The article discusses the current problems of the theory and practice of archetypal branding, analyzes the problems of archetypal branding from the perspective of ergonomic support for marketing research. In the framework of modern ergonomics, one of the tasks of its development is the ergonomic support of marketing research, including research on the development and evaluation of the effectiveness and productivity of the brand. A brand that is developed by marketers in accordance with a particular archetype or a specific role model can not only gain consumer recognition, but also help them formulate a way to express themselves. A role model in terms of the ergonomic support of marketing research can be used to develop a brand strategy: it represents an image that reflects a person’s ideas about a desirable role in the community. The client seeks not only to demonstrate this image to people, but also to use it in order to support and transform his own identity. At the same time, role models, unlike archetypal structures, practices and theorists from the standpoint of ergonomic support of marketing research typologize, based directly on a comparison with the leading motives of life and consumption. Role models correspond to different consumption situations, without contradicting the specific cultural and historical context. From the position of ergonomic support of marketing research, they should and can be used as functions specific to a given community, region, and time, as well as transcultural or supercultural structures that reflect one or another pole of the archetype in a particular cultural and historical environment.

Social Capital and Sustainable Health Care: An Analysis of Community Based Palliative Care Model of Kerala

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Azeez. E.P
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Voluntary Organizations ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Social ◽  
Palliative Care Units

Social Capital is the most crucial asset which significantly influence the efficacy and resilience of any community. Social capital is a dependent variable that depends upon the competence and coherence of the individuals in the community and mode of social relationships, trust and networks they maintain. It is one of the most sustainable social resources that originate from human relations and results on the mutual support of people. Utilization of Social capital has a wide applicability in the process of social inclusion, especially in dealing with the vulnerable and disadvantaged sections in the community itself. Voluntary organizations are very keen to utilize the social capital for community/social services and community development in a sustainable manner. Community based de-institutionalized Palliative Care is one of the foremost among such organizations that made social capital in a strategic way for social inclusion and community well being. This paper analyses the extent to which different elements of social capital helps in initiating the sustainable community based palliative care movement by assessing the unique intervention strategies carried out by the palliative care. This paper explores conceptual questions of how social capital and voluntary community based services are correlated. A case study method was adopted for the study in which ten palliative care units were analyzed. The results show that a number of social capital elements are playing a vital role in the sustainability of community palliative care movement in Kerala.

The Duties of Doctors In Medical Education: A Letter To The Editor (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sneha Barai
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Role Model ◽  
General Medical Council ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Medical Council ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Training

UNSTRUCTURED The UK General Medical Council (GMC) explicitly states doctors have a duty to ‘contribute to teaching and training…by acting as a positive role model’. However, recent studies suggest some are not fulfilling this, which is impacting medical students' experiences and attitudes during their training. As such, doctors have a duty to act as role models and teachers, as specified by the GMC, which it seems are not currently being fulfilled. This would improve the medical students’ learning experiences and demonstrate good professional values for them to emulate. Therefore, these duties should be as important as patient care, since this will influence future generations.

scholarly journals Sun Protection and Sunburn in Children Aged 1–10 Years in Germany: Prevalence and Determinants

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 668
Author(s):  
Tatiana Görig ◽  
Corinna Södel ◽  
Annette B. Pfahlberg ◽  
Olaf Gefeller ◽  
Eckhard W. Breitbart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Role Models ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Sun Protection ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
The Past ◽  
A Minor

Seeking shade, the use of textile sun protection and sunscreen, and protecting one’s eyes by wearing sunglasses are recommended sun protection measures in children. We aimed to quantify the use of these measures as well as the prevalence of sunburn in children aged 1 to 10 years in Germany and to identify their determinants. Data collected via telephone interviews in a nationwide sample of 554 parents or caregivers in family were analyzed. Use of sunscreen was the most common measure applied (77.8%), while sunglasses were least frequently used (12.5%). The prevalence of sunburn during the past year was 21.8%, and it was positively associated with children’s age. The use of sun protection measures was significantly associated with the age and skin color of the child, while characteristics and tanning behaviors of the caregivers only played a minor role. The use of sun protection measures was higher when caregivers perceived themselves as a role model (Odds Ratio (OR) = 4.33, p < 0.001). Our nationwide data show that there remains a need for the improved use of sun protection measures, especially in children aged 7 to 10 years. In educational material, parents should be encouraged to become positive role models for their children regarding sun protection.

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