Complex transformation of divorce in Vietnam under the forces of modernization and individualism

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Tran Thi Minh Thi
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Marriage And Family ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Rural Districts ◽  
The North ◽  
Complex Transformation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Annual Population ◽  
And Gender

Abstract After more than four decades since its reunification since 1975, Vietnam has achieved remarkable results in social and economic development. With the rapid speed of recent modernization, society has loosened numerous old values related to the family and promoted individual freedoms. Marriage and family affairs, including divorce, have modernized with liberal characteristics. The paper examines the trends of divorce and reasons for divorce using statistical data from the Vietnam People's Supreme Court and from the government's annual population statistics. The analysis compiled and analysed a database of every divorce case at six urban and rural districts in Can Tho province. The analysis highlights changes in the reasons for divorce in the South in comparison with previous divorce studies in the North of Vietnam, discussed in relation to modernization, individualism and gender equality. The analysis is supported by interview data with thirty male and female divorcees.

scholarly journals Legal Measures of State Care for the Family in the Republic of Belarus in the Forms of Family Protection and Marriage Strengthening

2021 ◽  
pp. 045-053
Author(s):  
M. V. Andryiashka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Additional Term ◽  
Marriage And Family ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
Administrative Procedure ◽  
The Family ◽  
Administrative Procedures ◽  
The Republic

The article analyzes individual measures aimed at protecting and strengthening the institutions of marriage and family in the Republic of Belarus, in particular, the establishment of a differentiated rate of state duty charged for divorce in both judicial and administrative procedures, as well as the provision of basic and additional term for divorcing spouses to take reconciliation measures. The article is based both on the norms of international legal acts and their interpretation by the authorized bodies, as well as on the norms of the national legislation of the Republic of Belarus and current statistical data. The article draws a number of conclusions: on the non-uniform application of security terminology in relation to the institutions of marriage and family; on the irrational approach to setting the rates of state fees charged for divorce in an administrative procedure; on unnecessary administrative barriers in the form of a two-month term for registration of a divorce in administrative procedure.

New additions to the hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
HORIA R. GALEA ◽  
VERENA HÄUSSERMANN ◽  
GÜNTER FÖRSTERRA
Keyword(s):  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Southern Chile ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The North ◽  
Present Collection ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time ◽  
Eleven Species

We report upon eleven species of thecate hydroids collected during a recent scientific expedition to the North Patagonian Zone between southern Chiloé and Puyuguapi fjord/ Magdalena Island. One species belongs to the family Haleciidae Hincks, 1868, four to the family Sertulariidae Lamouroux, 1812, and six to the family Campanulariidae Hincks, 1868. Of them, Halecium cymiforme Allman, 1888 and Symplectoscyphus leloupi El Beshbeeshy, 1991 are redescribed based on new, fertile material. Sertularella allmani Hartlaub, 1901 is assigned to the synonymy of S. antarctica Hartlaub, 1901. Campanularia subantarctica Millard, 1971 is considered as a junior synonym of C. lennoxensis Jäderholm, 1903, and data on both the male and female gonothecae are provided. A variant of Clytia gigantea (Hincks, 1866) with smaller hydrothecae than usual is described. Sertularella sanmatiasensis El Beshbeeshy, 1991 is recorded from Chile for the first time. Although not belonging to the present collection, several notes on Kirchenpaueria curvata (Jäderholm, 1904) are provided.

Families on the Move: The Changing Role of Afghan Refugee Women in Iran

Hawwa ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Homa Hoodfar
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Marriage And Family ◽  
Resistance Movements ◽  
New Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
Tribal Societies ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Women's Role

AbstractIn their attempts to "modernize" and bring about socio-economic change, Afghan governments have been preoccupied with restructuring the institutions of marriage and family, and women's role within them, since the 1880s. Serious commitment to introduce legal reform and democratize the family and gender roles cost King Amanullah his throne (1919–1929). From 1930 to 1976 the government attempted a gradual approach introducing reforms piecemeal which had little impact beyond the capital and major cities. After the coup d'état in 1973 and the installation of socialism, the regime introduced a new family decree (known as Number 7) in October 1978 and aggressively pursued women's education and the reform of family laws. This policy incensed the conservative communities and tribal societies, who rebelled against the government; the ensuing Russian occupation brought about the resistance movements and subsequent civil war that has wreaked havoc on Afghanistan for more than two decades. Many conservatives who had tried to resist the intended changes regarding family law and education for girls and "protect" their women, who represented the males honor, decided to leave the country with their families. More than six million Afghans moved to neighboring countries, mostly to Iran and Pakistan. Examining data collected among Afghan refugees in Iran from 1999 to 2002, this paper argues that, ironically, living in exile has brought about the very changes resistance to which had forced them into the refugee situation. Forced to cope with a crisis situation, they developed economic and social survival strategies that altered women's role. Moreover, that exposure to an Islamic society very different from their own brought about structural and ideological changes in the family and in gender roles which legal reforms in Afghanistan had failed to induce. Given the considerable size of the refugee population in Iran (but also in Pakistan and elsewhere) and the destruction of the old fabric(s) of Afghan society, this paper argues that these changes may be irreversible.

scholarly journals Messages about the family in the press and media

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Anh Nguyet
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Marriage And Family ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Media Messages ◽  
Gender Division Of Labor ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Media

Family is the most solid fulcrum and incomparable peace for every human being. It is always a place full of love to return to, so the message of marriage and family is mentioned often in the media in many different ways. This study explores which topics about marriage-family are mentioned the most, how male and female images appear in the family, specifically: the role in maintaining family happiness is assigned. Who are the perpetrators and causes of domestic violence, and how is the gender division of labor in the family reflected in the media? Through research to overcome and gradually eliminate gender stereotypes in media messages, contribute to promoting gender equality.

Interracial Sex, Marriage, and the Nation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Ting Yi Lui
Keyword(s):  
Family Formation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Marriage And Family ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Racial Categories ◽  
North American Continent ◽  
The North ◽  
Local Practices ◽  
Interracial Sex ◽  
And Gender

This article traces the long history of legal regulations around interracial sex and marriage as tied to important changes in the territorial consolidation and political formation of the American nation and its polity. These regulations stabilized ambiguous racial categories and gender roles as well as patriarchy and heteronormativity. The article begins in the colonial era to survey the range of local practices of interracial sex, marriage, and family formation that took place across different imperial contexts across the North American continent and moves into the nineteenth and twentieth centuries as the United States spanned the continent and pursued its own imperial ambitions globally. In addition, the article chronicles histories of resistance and mixed-race family formation that both challenged and worked within the limits of the law.

A view from the North

2019 ◽  
pp. 103-143
Author(s):  
Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Language Family ◽  
Numeral Classifiers ◽  
North West ◽  
Number Words ◽  
The North ◽  
The Family ◽  
And Gender

This chapter addresses the issue of coexistence of noun categorization devices within one language. Genders and other noun categorization devices—be they numeral classifiers, or other classifiers—are generally thought of as being relatively independent from one another. Co-existing and overlapping systems of genders and classifiers are cross-linguistically uncommon. The chapter shows that this is a feature of some Arawak languages from north-west Amazonia, two genders—feminine and non-feminine—are obligatorily marked on verbs and nouns, and demonstratives and other modifiers within a noun phrase. Classifiers used on number words, and in a variety of other contexts, categorize the noun in terms of its physical properties, and distinguish gender. Gender is thus integrated within the system of classifiers. Gender markers may co-occur with classifiers in one word. The chapter concludes that gender distinctions and gender markers are uniform across the Arawak language family, and can be reconstructed for the proto-language. The chapter proposes that classifiers may have developed separately in each subgroup within the family.

Chinese Femininities, Chinese Masculinities: A Reader. Edited by Susan Brownell and Jeffrey N. Wasserstrom. [Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2002. xiv+460 pp. £40.00; $60.00. ISBN 0-520-21103-0.]

2003 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 214-251
Author(s):  
Delia Davin
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Construction ◽  
University Of California ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Family ◽  
And Gender

This compilation will be welcomed by all who teach courses on gender, women or the family in Chinese society. Edited by the anthropologist Susan Brownell and the historian Jeffrey Wasserstrom, the book offers a series of carefully paired essays on male and female issues that explore the historical and cultural construction of sex and gender in Chinese society.

scholarly journals 婚姻與家庭生活僅僅是相互同意的個人之間的契約嗎？不同的道德基礎及社會轉化

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-28
Author(s):  
Mark J. CHERRY
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
Individual Autonomy ◽  
Adopted Children ◽  
Marriage And Family ◽  
The Social ◽  
Digital Commons ◽  
Cultural Implications ◽  
The Family ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Neutrality

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.本文探討關於婚姻與家庭生活的不同觀念的社會及文化意義，比較對於婚姻與家庭生活的兩種不同的理解。傳統的理解是契合於具體的宗教與文化之中的，而當代西方俗世的自由主義理解則尋求將婚姻重塑為自主個人之間的一種平等主義的社會契約。前者把家庭視為社會存在的一種規範形式，是圍繞著一夫一妻制婚姻以及他們的生物學子女（甚或收養子女）而形成的；而後者則把家庭看作符合於當代西方流行的社會公正及性別中立原則而合法構成的機構。This paper explores the social and cultural implications of different conceptions of marriage and family life. It compares traditional understandings of marriage and family, set within particular religions and cultures, to a Western secular liberal understanding, which seeks to recast marriage as a sort of egalitarian social contract between autonomous individuals. Rather than appreciating the family as a normative form of social being constituted around the monogamous marriage of husband and wife and their own biological (and perhaps adopted) children, here the family is to be appreciated as an institution legally to be molded more closely in line with currently popular Western principles of social justice and gender neutrality. Claims regarding individual autonomy, gender neutrality, and rights to sexual freedom have come to possess a commanding place within the West’s recasting of the family.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 120 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

RE-ALIGNING THE SELF: THE NDEBELE WOMAN AND THE INSTITUTION OF MARRIAGE AND FAMILY AS PRESENTED IN NDEBELE MYTHOLOGY

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Siziba ◽  
F Wood
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
The Self ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Marriage And Family ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
The Family ◽  
Christian Myth ◽  
And Gender

 This article sets out to discuss the role of the Ndebele woman within the various institutions of Ndebele culture. It analyses the woman within the context of marriage, family and society as a whole. The researchers trace the development of the woman from a pre-colonial context as reflected in the Ndebele myth of creation, through a colonial context as reflected by contemporary mythology as well as by the contemporary roles of women in most societies. It is through mythology, folklore and proverbs in Ndebele traditional and contemporary society that gender roles are prescribed. This is because orature is the bank that houses society’s history, norms, values and customs. This research therefore investigates the role of the Ndebele woman within the institution of marriage, and within the family structure. It also analyses the presentation of the roles of Ndebele women and men in society, with particular emphasis on domestic and gender roles. In doing so, the article addresses the notion that gender roles did not begin to change during the post-colonial era since that change began in the colonial context and then developed and affected women right through the post-colonial phase. This article reveals this crisis through the juxtaposition of the colonial ‘Christian’ myth of creation and the Ndebele myth of creation.

Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Naturalness in Speakers of Varying Gender Identities

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 2054-2069
Author(s):  
Brandon Merritt ◽  
Tessa Bent
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Identification Accuracy ◽  
Rating Task ◽  
Gender Identification ◽  
Identification Task ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Perceptual Evaluation ◽  
Speech Training ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Speech Naturalness

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate how speech naturalness relates to masculinity–femininity and gender identification (accuracy and reaction time) for cisgender male and female speakers as well as transmasculine and transfeminine speakers. Method Stimuli included spontaneous speech samples from 20 speakers who are transgender (10 transmasculine and 10 transfeminine) and 20 speakers who are cisgender (10 male and 10 female). Fifty-two listeners completed three tasks: a two-alternative forced-choice gender identification task, a speech naturalness rating task, and a masculinity/femininity rating task. Results Transfeminine and transmasculine speakers were rated as significantly less natural sounding than cisgender speakers. Speakers rated as less natural took longer to identify and were identified less accurately in the gender identification task; furthermore, they were rated as less prototypically masculine/feminine. Conclusions Perceptual speech naturalness for both transfeminine and transmasculine speakers is strongly associated with gender cues in spontaneous speech. Training to align a speaker's voice with their gender identity may concurrently improve perceptual speech naturalness. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12543158

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