scholarly journals Relative reticulo-rumen pH indicators for subacute ruminal acidosis detection in dairy cows

animal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Villot ◽  
B. Meunier ◽  
J. Bodin ◽  
C. Martin ◽  
M. Silberberg
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Subacute Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Ph Indicators

scholarly journals Subacute Ruminal Acidosis and Evaluation of Blood Gas Analysis in Dairy Cow

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Gianesella ◽  
Massimo Morgante ◽  
Chiara Cannizzo ◽  
Annalisa Stefani ◽  
Paolo Dalvit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Blood Gas Analysis ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Subacute Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Fermentable Carbohydrates

Subacute Ruminal Acidosis (SARA) corresponds to an imbalance between lactate-producing bacteria and lactate-using bacteria, which results in a change in ruminal pH associated with a prevalent consumption of rapidly fermentable carbohydrates. In our study, 216 primiparus and multiparus dairy cows were selected from 20 Italian intensive dairy herds and were divided into three groups based on the risk of SARA. All the dairy cows had high average milk production. After blood sampling, a complete blood gas analysis was performed. One-way ANOVA was performed to compare the three groups. Cont, PC, blood pH, Hb, urinary pH, and rumen pH were significantly lower in cows with rumen . These results indicate that blood gas analysis is a valuable tool to diagnose acidosis in dairy cows because it provides good assessment of acidosis while being less invasive than rumen pH analysis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of diagnostic measures for subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy cows

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Li ◽  
G. N. Gozho ◽  
N. Gakhar ◽  
E. Khafipour ◽  
D. O. Krause ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Subacute Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Diagnostic Measures ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Rumen Ph

Li, S., Gozho, G. N., Gakhar, N., Khafipour, E., Krause, D. O. and Plaizier, J. C. 2012. Evaluation of diagnostic measures for subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy cows. Can J. Anim. Sci. 92: 353–364. Effects of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) challenges on measurements of feces, urine, milk and blood samples, and of feeding behavior were investigated to determine which of these measurements may aid in the diagnosis of SARA. Eight multiparous lactating dairy cows were used in a crossover design with two 6-wk experimental periods. During weeks 1, 2, and 6, cows received a control diet with a forage-to-concentrate ratio of 58:42. During weeks 3 to wk 5, a grain-based SARA challenge (GBSC) or an alfalfa-pellet SARA challenge (APSC) was conducted by replacing 12% of the dry matter of the control ration with pellets containing 50% ground wheat and 50% ground barley, and by replacing 26% of the dry matter of the control ration with pellets of ground alfalfa, respectively. The rumen pH depression did not differ between the challenges. The GBSC increased the concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in feces and of serum amyloid A in blood, but decreased that of milk fat and urea in blood. The APSC increased the urine pH, the net-acid-base excretion, and the red blood cell count and potassium concentration in blood. Both challenges increased the concentrations of LPS and propionate in rumen fluid, protein in milk, glucose, lactate and sodium and the partial pressure of CO2in blood, and tended to decrease the concentration of chloride in blood. The measures that were similarly affected by both challenges may aid in the diagnosis of a rumen pH depression. Differences between the SARA challenges suggest that this disorder is not solely rumen pH dependent.

scholarly journals Vitamin B12 and homocysteine levels in blood of dairy cows during subacute ruminal acidosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Cannizzo ◽  
M. Gianesella ◽  
S. Casella ◽  
E. Giudice ◽  
A. Stefani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Subacute Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Group A ◽  
Bonferroni Test ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group B

Abstract. The aim of this study was to investigate the variations of vitamin B12 and homocysteine in blood of dairy cows during subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA). On 228 subjects ruminal liquid was collected through rumenocentesis technique and rumen pH was immediately measured by a portable pH-meter. On the basis of pH values all cows were classified (bovine class) in Group A (animals with rumen pH>5.7), Group B (animals with rumen pH between 5.6 and 5.7) and Group C (animals with rumen pH<5.6). In relation to the acidosis risk depending on the rumen pH (herd class), the herds were classified in Group 1 (normal herds: less than 33 % cows with rumen pH<5.8), Group 2 (critical herds: more than 33 % cows with rumen pH between 5.5 and 5.8) and Group 3 (acidosis herds: more than 33 % cows with rumen pH<5.5). On blood samples, collected by jugular venipuncture, vitamin B12 and homocysteine were measured by chemiluminescent immunological tests. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Bonferroni test, showed significant differences (P<0.05) for vitamin B12 in bovine class and significant differences (P<0.05) for homocysteine in herd class. The influence of rumen pH values resulted in adequate vitamin B12 and homocysteine levels to meet microbial and cow requirements and fatty acids modifications in dairy cows affected by SARA. Moreover, the increase of vitamin B12 could be due to the presence of analogues which interfere with the transport of the vitamin. These findings provide more information on blood modifications during SARA.

Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products (SCFP) and subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) on feed intake, fermentation and nutrient digestibilities in lactating dairy cows

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Khalouei ◽  
Vidura Seneratne ◽  
Kelsey Fehr ◽  
junfei Guo ◽  
Ilkyu Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Subacute Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Cedar Rapids ◽  
Starch Diet

Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products (SCFP) and subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) on rumen and hindgut fermentation, feed intake, and total tract nutrient digestibilities were determined in 32 lactating Holstein cows between wk 4 to wk 9 of lactation. Treatments included Control, 14 g/d Diamond V Original XPC™ (SCFPa, Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA), 19 g/d NutriTek® (SCFPb-1X, Diamond V), and 38 g/d NutriTek® (SCFPb-2X). During wk 5 and wk 8, SARA challenges were conducted by switching from a 18.6 to a 27.9 % DM starch diet. This reduced the rumen and feces pH. The durations of the rumen pH below 5.6 during these challenges averaged 175.0, 233.8, 246.9, and 79.3 min/d for the Control, SCFPa, SCFPb-1X and SCFPb-2X treatments, respectively. Hence, SARA was not induced under the SCFPb-2X treatment. The feces pH during the SARA challenges was lowest during SCFPb-2X, suggesting this treatment shifted fermentation from the rumen to the hindgut. The SARA challenges reduced the total tract digestibility of DM, NDF (NDFd), and P, but tended to increase that of starch. The SCFPb-2X treatment increased the NDFd from 52.7 to 61.8 % (P < 0.05). The SCFPb-2X treatment attenuated impacts of SARA.

scholarly journals Metagenomic Insight: Dietary Thiamine Supplementation Promoted the Growth of Carbohydrate-Associated Microorganisms and Enzymes in the Rumen of Saanen Goats Fed High-Concentrate Diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 632
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Along Peng ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Hongrong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Starch Degradation ◽  
Subacute Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Fiber Degradation ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Carbohydrate Degradation ◽  
Ruminal Microbiota ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The Relationship

Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is often caused by feeding a high-concentrate diet in intensive ruminant production. Although previous studies have shown that dietary thiamine supplementation can effectively increase rumen pH and modify rumen fermentation, the effect of thiamine supplementation on rumen carbohydrate-related microorganisms and enzymes in goats under SARA conditions remain unclear. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of dietary thiamine supplementation on carbohydrate-associated microorganisms and enzymes in the rumen of Saanen goats fed high-concentrate diets. Nine healthy mid-lactating Saanen goats in parity 1 or 2 were randomly assigned into three treatments: A control diet (CON; concentrate:forage (30:70)), a high-concentrate diet (HC; concentrate:forage (70:30)), and a high-concentrate diet with 200 mg of thiamine/kg of DMI (HCT; concentrate:forage (70:30)). Compared with the HC group, dietary thiamine supplementation improved ruminal microbes associated with fiber, including Prevotella, Fibrobacter, Neocallimastix, and Piromyces (p < 0.05). In addition, an increase in the relative abundance of enzymes involved in both fiber degradation and starch degradation, such as CBM16, GH3, and GH97, was observed in the HCT treatment. (p < 0.05). Thus, thiamine supplementation can improve carbohydrate metabolism by increasing the abundance of the microorganisms and enzymes involved in carbohydrate degradation. In conclusion, this study revealed the relationship between ruminal microbiota and enzymes, and these findings contributed to solving the problems arising from the high-concentrate feeding in ruminant production and to providing a new perspective on ruminant health.

scholarly journals Milk urea nitrogen and milk fatty acid compositions in dairy cows with subacute ruminal acidosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 336-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Kara
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Subacute Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Long Chain

The present study was aimed at comparing the milk urea nitrogen (MUN) and milk fatty acid (MFA) compositions in Holstein cows with subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) to those values of Holstein cows that did not have SARA. Also, the correlations among rumen pH value and the compositions of MUN and MFA in milk were determined. Dairy cows (n = 16) with subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) (pH value 5.60 ± 0.02) and control dairy cows (n = 16) (control) (pH value 6.20 ± 0.04) were studied. The MUN concentrations (578 µg/l) of the dairy cows with SARA was lower than those (1 315 µg/l) of the control dairy cows (P &lt; 0.001). In the milk of the dairy cows with SARA, the unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), thrombogenic index (TI), and hypocholesterolemic fatty acid index (hcFA) decreased; but the saturated fatty acids (SFA), atherogenic (AI) and hypercholesterolemic fatty acid (HcFA) indexes (P &lt; 0.01) increased. The rumen pH value and the concentration of the MUN were positively correlated with the proportions of the monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), omega-3 fatty acids (n-3), omega-6 fatty acids (n-6), omega-9 fatty acids (n-9), long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) and very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) and the n-3/n-6 ratio of the milk samples (P &lt; 0.05). Consequently, the dairy cow with SARA that are in early-lactation can affect the carbohydrate fermentation, fatty acid hydrogenation and protein degradation. The MUN concentration in the dairy cows with SARA seriously decreased. The SARA changes the milk fatty acid composition and decreases the MUFA, PUFA, n-3, oleic acid and hypocholesterolemic fatty acids and the hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio (h/H) values of milk. Therefore, the nutritional and functional quality for human nutrition decreases in the milk of dairy cows with SARA.

scholarly journals Subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy cows - physiological background, risk factors and diagnostic methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-17
Author(s):  
Levente Kovács ◽  
Otto Szenci ◽  
Walter Baumgartner ◽  
Mátyás Hejel ◽  
László Rózsa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Continuous Measurement ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Subacute Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Field Techniques ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Ruminal Acidosis

According to the latest studies, the prevalence of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is around 20% in early and mid- lactation dairy cows, generating annual losses in the United States of approximately USD 500 million to 1 billion. The diagnosis of SARA is still difficult due to lack of pathognomonic clues and the delayed appearance of certain clinical signs. Therefore, SARA remains neglected or even unrecognized in many dairy herds. SARA is characterized by daily episodes of low ruminal pH, when the pH remains in the range of 5.2 to 6 for a prolonged period due to the accumulation of short-chain fatty acids and insufficient rumen buffering. The causes of SARA are related to high-grain diets, such as feeding excessive amounts of non-structural carbohydrates and highly fermentable forages, and insufficient dietary coarse fibre. SARA is associated with the inflammation of several organs and tissues in dairy cows, and its main long-term health and economic consequences are the fluctuation of feed intake, reduced fibre digestion, depression of milk yield and milk fat content, gastrointestinal damage, diarrhoea, laminitis, liver abscesses, and lameness. The aim of this review is to summarize the information available on the physiological aspects, risk factors, prevalence and possible indicators of SARA in dairy cattle. Basedon the existing literature, rumenocentesis and the use of an oral stomach tube are reliable field techniques to detect SARA. Nowadays, improved field techniques allowing the continuous measurement of reticuloruminal pH are also available for better diagnosis of SARA. Wireless indwelling pH probes may become important tools for the continuous measurement of ruminal pH in the coming years.

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