Metagenomic Insight: Dietary Thiamine Supplementation Promoted the Growth of Carbohydrate-Associated Microorganisms and Enzymes in the Rumen of Saanen Goats Fed High-Concentrate Diets

Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is often caused by feeding a high-concentrate diet in intensive ruminant production. Although previous studies have shown that dietary thiamine supplementation can effectively increase rumen pH and modify rumen fermentation, the effect of thiamine supplementation on rumen carbohydrate-related microorganisms and enzymes in goats under SARA conditions remain unclear. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of dietary thiamine supplementation on carbohydrate-associated microorganisms and enzymes in the rumen of Saanen goats fed high-concentrate diets. Nine healthy mid-lactating Saanen goats in parity 1 or 2 were randomly assigned into three treatments: A control diet (CON; concentrate:forage (30:70)), a high-concentrate diet (HC; concentrate:forage (70:30)), and a high-concentrate diet with 200 mg of thiamine/kg of DMI (HCT; concentrate:forage (70:30)). Compared with the HC group, dietary thiamine supplementation improved ruminal microbes associated with fiber, including Prevotella, Fibrobacter, Neocallimastix, and Piromyces (p < 0.05). In addition, an increase in the relative abundance of enzymes involved in both fiber degradation and starch degradation, such as CBM16, GH3, and GH97, was observed in the HCT treatment. (p < 0.05). Thus, thiamine supplementation can improve carbohydrate metabolism by increasing the abundance of the microorganisms and enzymes involved in carbohydrate degradation. In conclusion, this study revealed the relationship between ruminal microbiota and enzymes, and these findings contributed to solving the problems arising from the high-concentrate feeding in ruminant production and to providing a new perspective on ruminant health.

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Evaluation of diagnostic measures for subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy cows

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas2012-004 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 92 (3) ◽

pp. 353-364 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

S. Li ◽

G. N. Gozho ◽

N. Gakhar ◽

E. Khafipour ◽

D. O. Krause ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Control Diet ◽

Subacute Ruminal Acidosis ◽

Diagnostic Measures ◽

Amyloid A ◽

Ruminal Acidosis ◽

Rumen Ph

Li, S., Gozho, G. N., Gakhar, N., Khafipour, E., Krause, D. O. and Plaizier, J. C. 2012. Evaluation of diagnostic measures for subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy cows. Can J. Anim. Sci. 92: 353–364. Effects of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) challenges on measurements of feces, urine, milk and blood samples, and of feeding behavior were investigated to determine which of these measurements may aid in the diagnosis of SARA. Eight multiparous lactating dairy cows were used in a crossover design with two 6-wk experimental periods. During weeks 1, 2, and 6, cows received a control diet with a forage-to-concentrate ratio of 58:42. During weeks 3 to wk 5, a grain-based SARA challenge (GBSC) or an alfalfa-pellet SARA challenge (APSC) was conducted by replacing 12% of the dry matter of the control ration with pellets containing 50% ground wheat and 50% ground barley, and by replacing 26% of the dry matter of the control ration with pellets of ground alfalfa, respectively. The rumen pH depression did not differ between the challenges. The GBSC increased the concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in feces and of serum amyloid A in blood, but decreased that of milk fat and urea in blood. The APSC increased the urine pH, the net-acid-base excretion, and the red blood cell count and potassium concentration in blood. Both challenges increased the concentrations of LPS and propionate in rumen fluid, protein in milk, glucose, lactate and sodium and the partial pressure of CO2in blood, and tended to decrease the concentration of chloride in blood. The measures that were similarly affected by both challenges may aid in the diagnosis of a rumen pH depression. Differences between the SARA challenges suggest that this disorder is not solely rumen pH dependent.

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Metatranscriptomic Analysis of Sub-Acute Ruminal Acidosis in Beef Cattle

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani9050232 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 232 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ibukun Ogunade ◽

Andres Pech-Cervantes ◽

Hank Schweickart

Keyword(s):

Beef Cattle ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Control Diet ◽

Bacterial Biofilm ◽

Ruminal Bacteria ◽

Subacute Ruminal Acidosis ◽

Rumen Microbiota ◽

Ruminal Acidosis ◽

Rrna Sequencing ◽

Illumina Hiseq4000

Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is a metabolic disease of ruminants characterized by low pH, with significant impacts on rumen microbial activity, and animal productivity and health. Microbial changes during subacute ruminal acidosis have previously been analyzed using quantitative PCR and 16S rRNA sequencing, which do not reveal the actual activity of the rumen microbial population. Here, we report the functional activity of the rumen microbiota during subacute ruminal acidosis. Eight rumen-cannulated Holstein steers were assigned randomly to acidosis-inducing or control diet. Rumen fluid samples were taken at 0, 3, 6, and 9 h relative to feeding from both treatments on the challenge day. A metatranscriptome library was prepared from RNA extracted from the samples and the sequencing of the metatranscriptome library was performed on Illumina HiSeq4000 following a 2 × 150 bp index run. Cellulolytic ruminal bacteria including Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus albus, and R. bicirculans were reduced by an induced acidotic challenge. Up to 68 functional genes were differentially expressed between the two treatments. Genes mapped to carbohydrate, amino acid, energy, vitamin and co-factor metabolism pathways, and bacterial biofilm formation pathways were enriched in beef cattle challenged with sub-acute acidosis. This study reveals transcriptionally active taxa and metabolic pathways of rumen microbiota during induced acidotic challenge.

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Effect of subacute ruminal acidosis on the preference of cows for pellets containing sodium bicarbonate

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/a00-099 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 81 (1) ◽

pp. 149-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

J. L. Cumby ◽

J. C. Plaizier ◽

I. Kyriazakis ◽

B. W. McBride

Keyword(s):

Sodium Chloride ◽

Sodium Bicarbonate ◽

Sodium Content ◽

Diet Choice ◽

Control Test ◽

Subacute Ruminal Acidosis ◽

Ruminal Acidosis ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Rumen Ph ◽

Over Time

Lactating cows with low rumen pH were given a choice between two test pellets during a 3-wk experiment. Intake of test pellets containing 4% sodium bicarbonate increased over time, but intake of control test pellets with an equal sodium content through inclusion of sodium chloride remained unaltered. Cows could have preferred bicarbonate pellets in order to attenuate ruminal acidosis, but increased aversion to sodium chloride cannot be excluded. Key words: Acidosis, diet choice, dairy cattle, sodium bicarbonate

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Evaluation of the Relationship Between Rumen pH and Fecal Score in Cows with Subakut Ruminal Acidosis

Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi ◽

10.24880/maeuvfd.433720 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 130-134

Author(s):

Onur ÖRTLEK ◽

Hasan ERDOĞAN ◽

Deniz ALIC URAL ◽

Songül ERDOĞAN ◽

Kerem URAL

Keyword(s):

Ruminal Acidosis ◽

Rumen Ph ◽

The Relationship ◽

Fecal Score

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Effects of grain-pellet and alfalfa-pellet subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) challenges on feeding behaviour of lactating dairy cows

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas10090 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 91 (2) ◽

pp. 323-330 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

S. Li ◽

E. Khafipour ◽

D. O. Krause ◽

L. A. González ◽

J. C. Plaizier

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Feeding Behaviour ◽

Control Diet ◽

Meal Frequency ◽

Eating Rate ◽

Subacute Ruminal Acidosis ◽

Eating Time ◽

Ruminal Ph ◽

Ruminal Acidosis ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows

Li, S., Khafipour, E., Krause, D. O., González, L. A. and Plaizier, J. C. 2011. Effects of grain-pellet and alfalfa-pellet subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) challenges on feeding behaviour of lactating dairy cows. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 323–330. The effects of two nutritional challenges aimed at inducing subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) on the feeding behaviour of lactating dairy cows were investigated in two separate experiments. Both experiments included eight tie-stall-housed cows that were fed once daily. Feeding behaviour of individual cows was monitored by continuously weighing the feed in the mangers. In each experiment, ruminal pH was monitored in four rumen cannulated cows. In the first experiment, cows received a control diet containing 50% mixed concentrate and 50% alfalfa and barley silage (DM basis) during weeks 1 to 5 of two subsequent 6-wk periods. During week 6 of both periods, a grain-pellet SARA challenge (GPSC) was conducted by replacing 21% of DM of the basal diet with wheat-barley pellets. Data obtained in week 4 were taken as a control. In the second experiment, cows received a control diet containing 50% of DM as mixed concentrate and 50% of DM as chopped alfalfa hay during the first week of a 5-wk period. Between week 2 and week 5, an alfalfa-pellet SARA challenge (APSC) was conducted by replacing alfalfa hay in the control diet with alfalfa pellets at a rate of 8% per week. Week 1 and week 5 were considered as the control and SARA challenge, respectively. In the first experiment, the GPSC reduced the meal duration from 48.9 to 38.6 min meal−1 and the eating time from 6.7 to 5.5 h d−1. Meal criteria, meal frequency, meal size, and eating rate were not affected. In the second experiment, the APSC did not affect the meal criterion, meal duration, and eating time per day, but increased dry matter intake from 18.7 to 24.3 kg d−1, meal frequency from 8.2 to 9.4 meals d−1, meals size from 2.4 to 2.7 kg DM, and eating rate from 54.8 to 67.6 g DM min−1. The duration of the first meal after feed delivery was reduced from 154.5 to 103.6 min by the GPSC and from 146.7 to 112.2 min by the APSC. This reduction in the duration of the first meal was accompanied by a reduction in the drop of the ruminal pH during the GPSC, but not during the APSC. Only the APSC increased eating rate of the first meal. Other parameters of this first meal were not affected by both challenges.

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Subacute Ruminal Acidosis and Evaluation of Blood Gas Analysis in Dairy Cow

Veterinary Medicine International ◽

10.4061/2010/392371 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Matteo Gianesella ◽

Massimo Morgante ◽

Chiara Cannizzo ◽

Annalisa Stefani ◽

Paolo Dalvit ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Blood Gas Analysis ◽

Gas Analysis ◽

Dairy Herds ◽

Blood Gas ◽

Subacute Ruminal Acidosis ◽

Ruminal Ph ◽

Ruminal Acidosis ◽

Rumen Ph ◽

Fermentable Carbohydrates

Subacute Ruminal Acidosis (SARA) corresponds to an imbalance between lactate-producing bacteria and lactate-using bacteria, which results in a change in ruminal pH associated with a prevalent consumption of rapidly fermentable carbohydrates. In our study, 216 primiparus and multiparus dairy cows were selected from 20 Italian intensive dairy herds and were divided into three groups based on the risk of SARA. All the dairy cows had high average milk production. After blood sampling, a complete blood gas analysis was performed. One-way ANOVA was performed to compare the three groups. Cont, PC, blood pH, Hb, urinary pH, and rumen pH were significantly lower in cows with rumen . These results indicate that blood gas analysis is a valuable tool to diagnose acidosis in dairy cows because it provides good assessment of acidosis while being less invasive than rumen pH analysis.

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Vitamin B12 and homocysteine levels in blood of dairy cows during subacute ruminal acidosis

Archives Animal Breeding ◽

10.5194/aab-55-219-2012 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 219-225 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C. Cannizzo ◽

M. Gianesella ◽

S. Casella ◽

E. Giudice ◽

A. Stefani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin B12 ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Subacute Ruminal Acidosis ◽

Ruminal Acidosis ◽

Ph Values ◽

Rumen Ph ◽

Group A ◽

Bonferroni Test ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group B

Abstract. The aim of this study was to investigate the variations of vitamin B12 and homocysteine in blood of dairy cows during subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA). On 228 subjects ruminal liquid was collected through rumenocentesis technique and rumen pH was immediately measured by a portable pH-meter. On the basis of pH values all cows were classified (bovine class) in Group A (animals with rumen pH>5.7), Group B (animals with rumen pH between 5.6 and 5.7) and Group C (animals with rumen pH<5.6). In relation to the acidosis risk depending on the rumen pH (herd class), the herds were classified in Group 1 (normal herds: less than 33 % cows with rumen pH<5.8), Group 2 (critical herds: more than 33 % cows with rumen pH between 5.5 and 5.8) and Group 3 (acidosis herds: more than 33 % cows with rumen pH<5.5). On blood samples, collected by jugular venipuncture, vitamin B12 and homocysteine were measured by chemiluminescent immunological tests. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Bonferroni test, showed significant differences (P<0.05) for vitamin B12 in bovine class and significant differences (P<0.05) for homocysteine in herd class. The influence of rumen pH values resulted in adequate vitamin B12 and homocysteine levels to meet microbial and cow requirements and fatty acids modifications in dairy cows affected by SARA. Moreover, the increase of vitamin B12 could be due to the presence of analogues which interfere with the transport of the vitamin. These findings provide more information on blood modifications during SARA.

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Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products (SCFP) and subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) on feed intake, fermentation and nutrient digestibilities in lactating dairy cows

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1139/cjas-2020-0018 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hamidreza Khalouei ◽

Vidura Seneratne ◽

Kelsey Fehr ◽

junfei Guo ◽

Ilkyu Yoon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Subacute Ruminal Acidosis ◽

Fermentation Products ◽

Ruminal Acidosis ◽

Rumen Ph ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows ◽

Cedar Rapids ◽

Starch Diet

Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products (SCFP) and subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) on rumen and hindgut fermentation, feed intake, and total tract nutrient digestibilities were determined in 32 lactating Holstein cows between wk 4 to wk 9 of lactation. Treatments included Control, 14 g/d Diamond V Original XPC™ (SCFPa, Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA), 19 g/d NutriTek® (SCFPb-1X, Diamond V), and 38 g/d NutriTek® (SCFPb-2X). During wk 5 and wk 8, SARA challenges were conducted by switching from a 18.6 to a 27.9 % DM starch diet. This reduced the rumen and feces pH. The durations of the rumen pH below 5.6 during these challenges averaged 175.0, 233.8, 246.9, and 79.3 min/d for the Control, SCFPa, SCFPb-1X and SCFPb-2X treatments, respectively. Hence, SARA was not induced under the SCFPb-2X treatment. The feces pH during the SARA challenges was lowest during SCFPb-2X, suggesting this treatment shifted fermentation from the rumen to the hindgut. The SARA challenges reduced the total tract digestibility of DM, NDF (NDFd), and P, but tended to increase that of starch. The SCFPb-2X treatment increased the NDFd from 52.7 to 61.8 % (P < 0.05). The SCFPb-2X treatment attenuated impacts of SARA.

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Real-time monitoring of ruminal microbiota reveals their roles in dairy goats during subacute ruminal acidosis

npj Biofilms and Microbiomes ◽

10.1038/s41522-021-00215-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xiaodong Chen ◽

Xiaodong Su ◽

Jilong Li ◽

Yuntian Yang ◽

Peiyue Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Ph Value ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Real Time Monitoring ◽

Dairy Goats ◽

Subacute Ruminal Acidosis ◽

Ruminal Acidosis ◽

Fermentation Pattern ◽

Ruminal Microbiota ◽

Rrna Gene Sequencing

AbstractRuminal microbiota changes frequently with high grain diets and the occurrence of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA). A grain-induced goat model of SARA, with durations of a significant decrease in the rumen pH value to less than 5.6 and an increase in the rumen lipopolysaccharides concentration, is constructed for real-time monitoring of bacteria alteration. Using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing, significant bacterial differences between goats from the SARA and healthy groups are identified at every hour for six continuous hours after feeding. Moreover, 29 common differential genera between two groups over 6 h after feeding are all related to the altered pH and lipopolysaccharides. Transplanting the microbiota from donor goats with SARA could induce colonic inflammation in antibiotic-pretreated mice. Overall, significant differences in the bacterial community and rumen fermentation pattern between the healthy and SARA dairy goats are real-time monitored, and then tested using ruminal microbe transplantation to antibiotic-treated mice.

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