Late gestation diet supplementation of resin acid-enriched composition increases sow colostrum immunoglobulin G content, piglet colostrum intake and improve sow gut microbiota

Abstract Background Heat stress (HS) jeopardizes intestinal barrier functions and augments intestinal permeability in pigs. However, whether HS-induced maternal microbial and metabolic changes in primiparous sows during late gestation remains elusive. We present here, a study investigating the fecal microbial and metabolic responses in late gestational primiparous sows when exposed to HS. Methods Twelve first-parity Landrace × Large White F1 sows were randomly assigned into two environmental treatments including the thermoneutral (TN) (18–22 °C; n = 6) and HS (28–32 °C; n = 6) conditions. Both treatments were applied from 85 d of gestation to farrowing. The serum and feces samples were collected on d 107 of gestation, for analyses including intestinal integrity biomarkers, high-throughput sequencing metagenomics, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles and nontargeted metabolomics. Results Our results show that HS group has higher serum Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) levels. The gut microbial community can be altered upon HS by using β-diversity and taxon-based analysis. In particular, the relative abundance of genera and operational taxonomic units (OTUs) related to Clostridiales and Halomonas are higher in HS group, the relative abundance of genera and OTUs related to Bacteroidales and Streptococcus, however, are lower in HS group. Results of metabolic analysis reveal that HS lowers the concentrations of propionate, butyrate, total SCFA, succinate, fumarate, malate, lactate, aspartate, ethanolamine, β-alanine and niacin, whereas that of fructose and azelaic acid are higher in HS group. These metabolites mainly affect propanoate metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, β-alanine metabolism, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. Additionally, correlation analysis between significant microbes and metabolites indicated that the HS-induced microbiota shift is likely the cause of changes of intestinal metabolism. Conclusions Taken together, we reveal characteristic structural and metabolic changes in maternal gut microbiota as a result of late gestational HS, which could potentially provide the basis for further study on offspring gut microbiota and immune programming.

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INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURE DURING LATE GESTATION AND SOON AFTER BIRTH ON IgG ABSORPTION BY NEWBORN PIGLETS

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas85-009 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 87-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

L. A. BATE ◽

R. R. HACKER

Keyword(s):

Serum Concentration ◽

Key Words ◽

Immunoglobulin G ◽

Environmental Temperature ◽

Late Pregnancy ◽

Serum Cortisol ◽

Newborn Piglet ◽

Late Gestation ◽

Response To Treatment ◽

Newborn Piglets

The possibility that environmental temperature, in late gestation or soon after birth, can modify the ability of the newborn piglet to absorb immunoglobulin G (IgG) was studied. Fifteen pregnant Yorkshire sows were exposed to either 5 or 18 °C from day 104 postbreeding until 6 h postpartum, at which time they were moved to a normal 18 °C farrowing room. All sows were bled to determine serum concentration of cortisol. At birth, the piglets were assigned to either a 14 or 35 °C environment for 6 h. The piglets were force-fed bovine colostrum four times during the first 6 h of life and bled nine times between birth and day 21 to determine the concentrations of serum porcine and bovine IgG. The concentration of serum cortisol, in the sows subjected to the 5 °C environment, increased in response to treatment. Cortisol concentrations remained elevated until the sows returned to the 18 °C environment. Piglets from sows maintained at 5 °C had marginally higher concentrations of serum bovine IgG than piglets from control sows. Exposure of piglets to 14 °C at birth reduced absorption of IgG; however, they continued to absorb IgG after they were moved to a thermoneutral environment. By 21 days, only those piglets from sows exposed to 5 °C showed a significant productionof IgG. Piglets from sows exposed to 5 °C and maintained at 35 °C after birth had the highest serum concentration of IgG. These results indicate that environmental temperature during late pregnancy can modify IgG absorption by newborn piglets. Key words: Immunoglobulins, colostrum, absorption, Cortisol, piglet

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Impact of sugar beet pulp and wheat bran on serum biochemical profile, inflammatory responses and gut microbiota in sows during late gestation and lactation

10.21203/rs.3.rs-96826/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Qinghui Shang ◽

Sujie Liu ◽

Hansuo Liu ◽

Shad Mahfuz ◽

Xiangshu Piao

Keyword(s):

Serum Concentration ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Sugar Beet ◽

Dietary Fiber ◽

Wheat Bran ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Late Gestation ◽

Beet Pulp ◽

Fecal Water ◽

Serum Biochemical

Abstract Background: Sows are frequently subjected to various stresses during late gestation and lactation, which trigger inflammatory response and metabolic disorders. Dietary fiber can influence animal health by modulating gut microbiota and their by-products, with the effects depending upon the source of the dietary fiber. This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of different fiber sources on body condition, serum biochemical parameters, inflammatory responses and fecal microbiota in sows from late gestation to lactation.Methods: Forty-five multiparous sows (Yorkshire × Landrace; 3-6 parity) were assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments from d 85 of gestation to the end of lactation (d 21 post-farrowing): a control diet (CON, a corn-soybean meal diet), a sugar beet pulp diet (SBP, 20% SBP during gestation and 10% SBP during lactation), and a wheat bran diet (WB, 30% WB during gestation and 15% WB during lactation).Results: Compared with CON, supplementation of SBP decreased (P < 0.05) lactation BW loss, reduced (P < 0.05) serum concentration of total cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acids, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, and increased (P < 0.05) fecal water content on d 110 of gestation and d 21 of lactation, while supplementation of WB reduced (P < 0.05) serum concentration of total cholesterol on d 110 of gestation, increased (P < 0.05) fecal water content and decreased (P < 0.05) serum interleukin-6 concentration on d 110 of gestation and d 21 of lactation. In addition, sows fed SBP had lower (P < 0.01) abundance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 and Terrisporobacter than those fed CON, but had greater (P < 0.05) abundance of Christensenellaceae_R-7_group and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-002 than those fed the other two diets on d 110 of gestation. On d 21 of lactation, supplementation of SBP decreased (P < 0.05) the abundance of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus, but enriched (P < 0.05) the abundance of Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-002, Prevotellaceae_UCG_001 and unclassified_f__Lachnospiraceae compared with WB. Compared with CON, sows fed SBP had greater (P < 0.05) fecal concentrations of acetate, butyrate and total SCFAs during gestation and lactation, while sows fed WB only had greater (P < 0.05) fecal concentration of butyrate during lactation.Conclusions: Supplementation of dietary fiber during late gestation and lactation could improve sow metabolism and gut health, and SBP was more effective than WB.

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Impact of sugar beet pulp and wheat bran on serum biochemical profile, inflammatory responses and gut microbiota in sows during late gestation and lactation

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology ◽

10.1186/s40104-021-00573-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Qinghui Shang ◽

Sujie Liu ◽

Hansuo Liu ◽

Shad Mahfuz ◽

Xiangshu Piao

Keyword(s):

Serum Concentration ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Sugar Beet ◽

Dietary Fiber ◽

Wheat Bran ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Late Gestation ◽

Beet Pulp ◽

Fecal Water ◽

Serum Biochemical

Abstract Background Sows are frequently subjected to various stresses during late gestation and lactation, which trigger inflammatory response and metabolic disorders. Dietary fiber can influence animal health by modulating gut microbiota and their by-products, with the effects depending upon the source of the dietary fiber. This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of different fiber sources on body condition, serum biochemical parameters, inflammatory responses and fecal microbiota in sows from late gestation to lactation. Methods Forty-five multiparous sows (Yorkshire × Landrace; 3–6 parity) were assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments from d 85 of gestation to the end of lactation (d 21 post-farrowing): a control diet (CON, a corn-soybean meal diet), a sugar beet pulp diet (SBP, 20% SBP during gestation and 10% SBP during lactation), and a wheat bran diet (WB, 30% WB during gestation and 15% WB during lactation). Results Compared with CON, supplementation of SBP decreased (P < 0.05) lactation BW loss, reduced (P < 0.05) serum concentration of total cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acids, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, and increased (P < 0.05) fecal water content on d 110 of gestation and d 21 of lactation, while supplementation of WB reduced (P < 0.05) serum concentration of total cholesterol on d 110 of gestation, increased (P < 0.05) fecal water content and decreased (P < 0.05) serum interleukin-6 concentration on d 110 of gestation and d 21 of lactation. In addition, sows fed SBP had lower (P < 0.01) abundance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 and Terrisporobacter than those fed CON, but had greater (P < 0.05) abundance of Christensenellaceae_R-7_group and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-002 than those fed the other two diets on d 110 of gestation. On d 21 of lactation, supplementation of SBP decreased (P < 0.05) the abundance of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus, but enriched (P < 0.05) the abundance of Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-002, Prevotellaceae_UCG_001 and unclassified_f__Lachnospiraceae compared with WB. Compared with CON, sows fed SBP had greater (P < 0.05) fecal concentrations of acetate, butyrate and total SCFAs during gestation and lactation, while sows fed WB only had greater (P < 0.05) fecal concentration of butyrate during lactation. Conclusions Supplementation of dietary fiber during late gestation and lactation could improve sow metabolism and gut health, and SBP was more effective than WB.

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Commensal Relationship of Three Bifidobacterial Species Leads to Increase of Bifidobacterium in Vitro Fermentation of Sialylated Immunoglobulin G by Human Gut Microbiota

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry ◽

10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03628 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 68 (34) ◽

pp. 9110-9119

Author(s):

Chunxu Chen ◽

Tianhui Li ◽

Guijie Chen ◽

Dan Chen ◽

Yujia Peng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Immunoglobulin G ◽

Human Gut ◽

In Vitro Fermentation ◽

Human Gut Microbiota ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Commensal Relationship

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Natural resin acid –enriched composition as a modulator of intestinal microbiota and performance enhancer in broiler chicken

Journal of Applied Animal Nutrition ◽

10.1017/jan.2014.11 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

H. Kettunen ◽

J. Vuorenmaa ◽

T. Rinttilä ◽

H. Grönberg ◽

E. Valkonen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Pure Culture ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Broiler Chicken ◽

Resin Acid ◽

Necrotic Enteritis ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Natural Resin ◽

Enriched Composition

SummaryResin acids extracted from coniferous trees are known for their antimicrobial and antifungal effects. This trial investigated the effect of a natural resin acid-enriched composition (RAC) on the gastrointestinal microbiota and productive performance of broiler chicken. The results demonstrated that at or above 5 mg/l, RAC prevented the growth of a pure culture ofClostridium perfringens, a causative agent of necrotic enteritis in poultry. Next, the effects of RAC on the microbial community were studied in a fermentation model with both the microbial inoculum and substrate for the microbes isolated from the ileum of broiler chickens. RAC was included at 0, 0.1 and 1 g/kg digesta, and supplementation decreased the relative proportion of lactic acid and increased that of acetic acid produced during the fermentation in a dose-dependent manner. At 1 g/kg inclusion, RAC decreased the density of lactobacilli. The final part of the experiment investigated the influence of RAC on the performance and intestinal microbiota of necrotic enteritis (NE)-challenged broiler chickens. A wheat and soy -based diet was supplemented with RAC at 0, 0.5, 1 and 3 g/kg. The chickens were challenged withEimeria maximaoocysts on day 11, and a pure culture ofC. perfringenson day 14. On day 17, the final day of the trial, RAC inclusion at 1 and 3 g/kg of feed significantly increased body weight. At 3 g/kg RAC numerically decreased the daily mortality seen during the challenge period. In the ileum, RAC at 1 g/kg reduced the NE-associated peak of microbial lactic acid production. Overall, the data suggested that the dietary ingredient RAC has the potential to act as a performance-enhancer and microbial modulator in broiler chickens.

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Dietary fenugreek seed extract improves performance and reduces fecal E. coli counts and fecal gas emission in lactating sows and suckling piglets

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas-2014-154 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 95 (4) ◽

pp. 561-568 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

M. M. Hossain ◽

M. Begum ◽

C. M. Nyachoti ◽

J. D. Hancock ◽

I. H. Kim

Keyword(s):

Immunoglobulin G ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Seed Extract ◽

Late Gestation ◽

Gas Emission ◽

E Coli ◽

Fenugreek Seed ◽

Lactating Sows ◽

Suckling Piglets

Hossain, M. M., Begum, M., Nyachoti, C. M., Hancock, J. D. and Kim, I. H. 2015. Dietary fenugreek seed extract improves performance and reduces fecal E. coli counts and fecal gas emission in lactating sows and suckling piglets. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 561–568. This study evaluated the efficacy of fenugreek seed extract (FSE) in sows and suckling piglets. The trial was conducted with 78 multiparous sows and their litters in a 28-d feeding trial, and one of three diets: CON (control, basal diet); FSE1 (basal diet+0.1% FSE), and FSE2 (basal diet+0.2% FSE). Piglets suckling sows fed the FSE1 and FSE2 diets had higher average daily gain compared with those suckling sows fed the CON from week 2 to weaning (linear, P<0.05). At weaning, sows fed the FSE1 and FSE2 diets had higher immunoglobulin G and lower low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol concentrations compared with those fed the CON diet (linear, P<0.05). Sows fed the FSE2 diet linearly reduced total cholesterol concentrations at weaning (P<0.05). Piglets suckling sows fed the FSE2 diet had higher immunoglobulin G and red blood cell concentrations compared with those suckling sows fed the CON diet (linear, P<0.05). Sows fed the FSE2 diet had higher apparent total tract digestibility of N and gross energy and reduced fecal E. coli counts and ammonia gas emission compared with those fed the CON diet at weaning (linear, P<0.05). In conclusion, results indicate that feeding sows a diet supplemented with FSE in late gestation and lactation improved performance in sows and suckling piglets.

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