Effect of the level of concentrate supplementation, herbage allowance and milk yield at turn-out on the performance of dairy cows in mid lactation at grazing

2001 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Delaby ◽  
J. L. Peyraud ◽  
R. Delagarde
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Cow Performance

AbstractIn order to establish the response of dairy cow performance to concentrate supplementation in contrasting grazing conditions and for cows differing in milk yield at turn-out, three experiments were conducted. Each year, two levels of herbage allowance were studied in interaction with four (experiment 1) or three (experiments 2 and 3) levels of concentrate on two groups of 30 to 40 mid-lactation Holstein cows producing between 20 and 46 kg milk at turnout. Amount of concentrate and herbage allowance ranged from 0 to 6 kg fresh weight and from 12 to 22 kg dry matter (DM) per cow per day respectively. The supplementation led to average responses, per kg DM concentrate, of 104 kg milk, +66 g/day body-weight gain, +0·19 g/kg milk protein and -0·57 g/kg milk fat. These responses remained linear up to 4 or 6 kg according to the years and treatments. The response to the concentrate did not vary with the milk yield or composition at turn-out. The increase in the herbage allowance from 12 to 16 kg DM per cow per day (experiment 1) improved milk yield (+1·2 kg/day) and milk protein (+0·7 g/kg) while the increase from 16 to 22 kg DM (experiments 2 and 3) had less effect (+0·5 kg/day milk yield and +0·4 g/kg milk protein). There was no clear interaction between concentrate supplementation and herbage allowance. Under the usual conditions of spring pasture, with cows in mid lactation, the use of a constant level of concentrate at grazing proves to be a technique of some interest.

The response of dairy cows of high genetic merit to increasing proportion of concentrate in the diet with a high and medium feed value silage

2001 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. FERRIS ◽  
F. J. GORDON ◽  
D. C. PATTERSON ◽  
D. J. KILPATRICK ◽  
C. S. MAYNE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Genetic Merit ◽  
High Feed ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
Concentrate Inclusion

Forty-eight high genetic merit Holstein/Friesian dairy cows with Predicted Transmitting Abilities for milk fat plus protein yield, calculated using 1995 as the base year (PTA95 fat plus protein), of 40·0 kg, were used in an eight treatment, two period (period length = 8 weeks) change-over design experiment. Diets were offered ad libitum in the form of a complete diet. Treatments comprised a high and medium feed value silage, with concentrates being incorporated into the diet at proportional inclusion rates of 0·10, 0·30, 0·50 and 0·70 of total dry matter with the high feed value silage, and at 0·32, 0·48, 0·64 and 0·80 of total dry matter with the medium feed value silage. The high feed value silage was produced from a primary regrowth herbage (regrowth interval of 33 days) which was wilted prior to ensiling, while the medium feed value silage was produced from a primary growth herbage harvested on 9 June 1995. The high and medium feed value silages had estimated metabolizable energy concentrations of 12·4 and 11·3 MJ/kg DM respectively. Animals commenced treatments after a mean post calving interval of 26 days.Irrespective of silage feed value, total dry matter intake and milk yield tended to increase with increasing proportion of concentrate in the diet. Milk protein concentrations increased to concentrate inputs of 0·50 and 0·64 of total DM with the high and medium feed value silages respectively, but decreased at the highest concentrate inclusion rates. Milk fat concentrations tended to decrease at higher concentrate inclusion rates. The milk yield responses to increasing proportion of concentrate in the diet have been described by a pair of significantly different equations: Y = 34·2−11·9×0·0101x and Y = 34·2−28·5×0·0101x for the high and medium feed value silages respectively (where Y = milk yield (kg/day) and x = concentrate proportion in the diet on a dry matter basis). Similarly, milk fat and milk protein yields for the two silage types have been described by pairs of significantly different equations. Using these milk yield response equations, it can be calculated that at a concentrate proportion in the diet of 0·32 total dry matter, an additional 3·7 kg of milk per day would be produced by offering the high, rather than the medium feed value silage, while at a concentrate proportion of 0·70 total dry matter, the milk yield benefit associated with the high feed value silage was reduced to 0·6 kg per day. Similarly, total dry matter intakes for animals offered the high feed value silage were 7·4 and 0·8 kg per day greater than for animals offered the medium feed value silage, at concentrate proportions in the diet of 0·32 and 0·70 total dry matter, respectively. These responses indicate that at low concentrate inclusion rates in the diet, silage feed value has a major influence on animal performance, while at higher concentrate inclusion rates, the importance of silage feed value is reduced.

scholarly journals Effects of different sucrose levels on digestibility and mastication of hay and on yield and composition of milk in dairy cow

1971 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-102
Author(s):  
Liisa Syrjälä
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Slight Effect ◽  
Sugar Addition

In the trials two dairy cows were fed on 6 kg of timothy hay and 0, 1, 2 and 4 kg of pure beet sugar. Cr2O3 was used as tracer. If the sugar addition to the diet was 1 kg/cow/day, there was practically no effect on the digestibility of hay. When the sugar was increased to 2 kg/cow/day, the digestibility of hay decreased 11.7 %-units. In the case of the cell wall complex the corresponding decrease was 17 %-units. After having 4 kg sugar/day both cows stopped eating completely. A 2 kg sugar addition depressed also the mastication in the alimentary tract, whereas 1 kg of sugar had only a slight effect on it. The dry matter of milk decreased by about 1 %-units when 1 kg sugar was given to the cows the decrease being in the milk fat content. 2 kg of sugar produced no further effect. The sugar additions to the diet did not affect the contents of milk protein, ash and lactose.

scholarly journals Birdsfoot trefoil - an alternative legume for New Zealand dairy pastures

1998 ◽  
pp. 99-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.L. Harris ◽  
D.A. Clark ◽  
P.J. Laboyrie
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil

Two grazing trials conducted with Friesian cows in mid lactation showed milk yields were higher on birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus)-dominant pasture (19.8 and 16.7 l/cow/day) than on white clover-dominant (17.8 and 15.4 l/cow/day) or ryegrass-dominant (13.0 and 11.7 l/cow/day) pastures. Increased milk production on the Lotus and clover was attributed to the higher nutritive value of the legume-based pasture compared with the ryegrass, and to higher dry matter intakes. Cows grazing Lotus also had improved feed conversion efficiency compared with those grazing either ryegrass or clover, indicating that the presence of condensed tannins in the Lotus may have contributed to the improved efficiency. Milk protein concentration was consistently higher on the Lotus (3.36 and 3.35%) than on the ryegrass (3.15 and 3.21%) or clover (3.30 and 3.21%) in both experiments, while milk fat levels were lower in Experiment 1. While Lotus increased milk yield and milk protein concentration, its potential as a forage legume for dairy cows also depends on annual herbage production and the determination of how best to utilise it in a farm system. Keywords: birdsfoot trefoil, dairy cows, dry matter intake, Lotus corniculatus, milk composition, milk yield, perennial ryegrass, white clover

scholarly journals Rapeseed fat in dairy cow feeding

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
Liisa Syrjälä-Qvist ◽  
Pentti Aspila
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Total Fat

Dairy cows on silage and hay-based diets were given a barley-oats concentrate mixture containing 13 % rapeseed feed in four different forms: diet 1)rapeseed meal, 2)rapeseed meal + rapeseed oil, 3) rapeseed meal + crushed rapeseed and 4) protected fatty rapeseed meal. The fat content of the rapeseed feed was: diets 2 and 3, 7,1 % of dry matter; diet 4, 6.3 %; diet 1, 2.4 %. From the rapeseed the cows received only about 2 g digestible crude fat/kg 4 % FCM, the total fat supply on diets 2, 3 and 4 being 15 g digestible crude fat/kg 4 % FCM. At so low a level, the rapeseed fat did not have any clear effect on the milk fat or milk protein contents, or on the iodine number or fatty acid composition of the milk fat. The milk yield increased, however, when the diet contained rapeseed feed.

INFLUENCE OF AMMONIATION OF, HIGH-MOISTURE BARLEY ON DIGESTIBILITY, KINETICS OF RUMEN INGESTA TURNOVER, AND MILK PRODUCTION IN DAIRY COWS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. ROBINSON ◽  
J. J. KENNELLY
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Vitamin Supplement ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Key Words Barley ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Pool Sizes

Three dairy cows with large rumen cannulae were fed totally mixed diets twice daily. Diets contained 49% whole crop oat silage, 38.5% high-moisture barley (HMB), and 12.5% protein-mineral-vitamin supplement on a dry matter (DM) basis. HMB had been ammoniated at target levels of 0, 0.65, 1.30, and 1.95 g per 100 g HMB DM. Actual levels achieved were 0, 0.63, 1.30, and 1.95 g ammonia per 100 g. Apparent digestibility of organic matter (OM), neutral detergent (ND) fiber, starch, and N were not significantly influenced by level of ammoniation of HMB, although there was a trend for increased N digestion. Total rumen pool sizes of wet ingesta and DM were not influenced by ammoniation levels of HMB, although proportion of ND fiber in rumen OM declined as level of ammoniation of HMB increased. Milk yield and production of milk protein and lactose increased as level of ammoniation of HMB increased. Data are interpreted to suggest that rumen digestion of dietary nonfiber components declined as level of ammoniation of HMB increased, although digestion of ND fiber was not influenced. These results support the hypothesis that ammoniation of HMB shifted the site of digestion of a portion of the dietary nonfiber component from the rumen to the intestine without influencing rumen microbial pool sizes or degradative activity. Greater energetic efficiency of intestinal digestion of dietary nonfiber components, as level of ammoniation of HMB increased, may have contributed to the increased milk yield. Key words: Barley (high-moisture), ammoniation, dairy cows, digestion

Effects of protected vegetable fats on rumen metabolism and productivity dairy cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
A. V. Golovin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Rumen Metabolism ◽  
Economic Experiment ◽  
Feed Costs

In a scientific economic experiment conducted in the experimental farm «Klenovo-Chegodaevo» (Moscow) on three groups of Holsteinized black-and-white cows with a milk yield of 7000 kg of milk per lactation, 10 heads in each, it was found that the inclusion in the diet of cows of the experimental groups tested protected fats (hydrogenated and fractionated) in the amount of 300 g per head per day, contributed to the tendency for more intensive metabolic processes in the rumen due to a slight increase in the concentration of volatile fatty acids by 5,6–7,4% and an increase in the mass of microorganisms in the contents of the rumen by 5,4–14,4% (P≥0,05). At the same time, an increase in the concentration of metabolic energy in the dry matter of the cows ration from 10,7 to 11,0 MJ / kg in the period from 21 to 120 days of lactation, due to the inclusion of protected fats in the diet of cows from the experimental groups, contributed to an increase in milk yield 4% fat content for 100 days of the experiment by 9,7% and 11,0% (P≤0,05), compared with the control, as well as the production of milk fat and protein, respectively by 9,6–11,0% (P≤0,05 in the second case) and 7,4–8,3%, feed costs expressed in ME decreased by 4,9–5,2%.

The effects on milk yield and composition of incorporating lactose into the diet of dairy cows given protected fat

1996 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Garnsworthy
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Fat Supplementation ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Group A

AbstractTwenty-eight Holstein/Friesian dairy cows were divided into four groups of seven. From weeks 4 to 15 of lactation they were given a basal diet consisting of 8 kg hay, 2 kg sugar-beet feed and 2 kg grass nuts, together with a concentrate allowance of 8 kg/day. Concentrates for group A were based on cereals and soya (control). Concentrate B contained 60 g protected fat supplement per kg; concentrate C contained 100 g lactose per kg; concentrate D contained 60 g fat supplement and 100 g lactose per kg. Milk yields were 24·6, 27·7, 25·6 and 26·5 kg/day and milk protein concentrations were 32·3, 30·7, 32·7 and 31·9 g/kg for groups A, B, C and D respectively. The effect of fat supplementation on milk yield and protein concentration was significant (P < 0·05) but the effect of lactose was not significant. Milk fat concentration was not significantly affected by treatment. It is concluded that lactose can partially alleviate the depression in milk protein concentration often observed when cows are given protected fat.

scholarly journals GRAZING MANAGEMENT IN SPRING AND SUBSEQUENT DAIRY COW PERFORMANCE

1988 ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Hoogendoorn ◽  
C.W. Holmes ◽  
A.C.P. Chu
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Experimental Feeding ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Cow Performance

Two levels of grazing intensity were unposed on pasture during a spring-time pre-treatment period in two years at Massey University's Dary Cattle Research Unit. The two grazing intensws were lax (L), 2000-2500 kg DMlha residual herbage mass (RHM) and intense (I) 1000-1500 kg DM/ha RHM imposed for 2 grazing rotations. During this period, net herbage accumulation (NHA) on the L swards was approximately twice that on I wards. However, by early summer, NHA was greater on the I than L swards. Subsequently, during the experimental feeding period in early summer, herbage on the I swards contained lower percentages of reproductive tillers, grass stem, and senescent matter, and was of higher digestibllity than herbage on the L wards. Durmg the feedlng period, cows grazing the I wards had greater yields of milk and milk fat than cows on the L wards when offered both generous and restricted daily herbage dry matter allowances. The effect of ward type on dry matter intake (DMI) was dependent on dry matter allowance. However, when a common allowance of leaf was offered, DMI, milk and milk fat yield were not significantly affected by sward type on offer. The results emphasise the importance of maintaining green, leafy swards into late spring and summer in order to maximise milk yield per cow at this time. This was achieved by maintaining a RHM of no more than 1500 kg DMlha throughout spring by imposing sufficiently high stocking rates. Keywords: residual herbage mass, ward characteristics, dry matter allowance, leaf allowance, dry matter intake, milk yield.

scholarly journals Betaine Improves Milk Yield in Grazing Dairy Cows Supplemented with Concentrates at High Temperatures

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Dunshea ◽  
Kehinde Oluboyede ◽  
Kristy DiGiacomo ◽  
Brian Leury ◽  
Jeremy Cottrell
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Grazing Dairy Cows ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Betaine Supplementation ◽  
Daily Milk

Betaine is an organic osmolyte sourced from sugar beet that accumulates in plant cells undergoing osmotic stress. Since the accumulation of betaine lowers the energy requirements of animals and, therefore, metabolic heat production, the aim of this experiment was to investigate if betaine supplementation improved milk yield in grazing dairy cows in summer. One hundred and eighteen Friesian × Holstein cows were paired on days in milk and, within each pair, randomly allocated to a containing treatment of either 0 or 2 g/kg natural betaine in their concentrate ration for approximately 3 weeks during February/March 2015 (summer in Australia). The mean maximum February temperature was 30 °C. Cows were allocated approximately 14 kg dry matter pasture and 7.5 kg of concentrate pellets (fed in the milking shed) per cow per day and were milked through an automatic milking system three times per day. Betaine supplementation increased average daily milk yield by over 6% (22.0 vs. 23.4 kg/day, p < 0.001) with the response increasing as the study progressed as indicated by the interaction (p < 0.001) between betaine and day. Milk fat % (p = 0.87), milk protein % (p = 0.90), and milk somatic cell count (p = 0.81) were unchanged by dietary betaine. However, betaine supplementation increased milk protein yield (677 vs. 719 g/day, p < 0.001) and fat yield (874 vs. 922 g/day, p < 0.001) with responses again being more pronounced as the study progressed. In conclusion, dietary betaine supplementation increased milk and component yield during summer in grazing dairy cows.

The influence of long-term dietary inclusion of the antibiotic Actaplanin on dairy cow performance

1988 ◽  
Vol 1988 ◽  
pp. 110-110
Author(s):  
M.M. Abubakar ◽  
P. Rowlinson
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Increase Milk Production ◽  
Cow Performance ◽  
A Performance

The antibiotic Actaplanin is a complex of glycopeptide compounds produced by Actinoplanes missourrensis. When included in feed as a performance enhancer it has been shown to increase milk production of dairy cows (McGuffey et al. 1983). Actaplanin is associated with reduced proportions of acetate and increased proportions of propionate in rumen fluid and a depression in milk fat proportion may result (Clapperton et al. 1987). The aim of the trial reported here was to monitor the effects of feeding 960 mg Actaplanin/head/d to dairy cows throughout two successive lactations.

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