The effect of litter origin upon the structure of the small intestine of piglets at weaning

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 95-95
Author(s):  
S. M. Carroll ◽  
H. M. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Sampling Strategies ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Weaned Piglet ◽  
Metabolite Concentrations ◽  
Experimental Sampling

The purpose of this study was to determine whether litter origin had an effect upon the structure of the small intestine in newly weaned piglets. The gut of the newly weaned piglet undergoes significant structural changes such as a decrease in villus height and an increase in crypt depth following commercial weaning. Litter origin has been shown to influence piglet performance immediately post weaning (Slade and Miller, 1999) and to have a significant influence upon blood metabolite concentrations in the newborn piglet (Ilsley and Miller, 2003). Litter origin therefore may also influence the structure of the small intestine in the piglet, which in turn would affect the experimental sampling strategies used in trials investigating effects on gut structure. This study was carried out to test the null hypothesis that litter origin would not have an effect upon the structure of the small intestine in the newly weaned piglet.

Comparison of the Small Intestine of 0-day-old Neonatal Piglets vs. 21-day-old Weaned Piglets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Yuan ◽  
Yuxin Jin ◽  
Abid Ullah Shah ◽  
En Zhang ◽  
penghao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Neonatal Piglets ◽  
Weaned Piglet ◽  
Small Intestines ◽  
Mechanistic Basis

Abstract Background: Neonatal piglets are susceptible to intestinal infections . Gut is the body’s major immune structure and the intestinal mucosa, which is composed of intestinal epithelial cells (IELs) and subepithelial natural immune cells, is considered as the primary site for eliciting local immune responses to foreign antigens. This study compared the intestinal immune cells of neonatal and weaned piglets to provide a theoretical and mechanistic basis for preventing intestinal infectious diseases. Results: Histological analyses of weaned piglet intestines showed increased crypt depth, high IEL count, and increased areas of ileal Peyer’s patches. Additionally, the duodenal and ileal villi of weaned piglets were longer than those of neonatal piglets. Expression of claudin-3 protein in weaned piglets was remarkably high as compared with neonatal piglets. The number of CD3 + T cells, goblet cells, and secretory cells was high in the small intestines of weaned piglets in vivo. Contrarily, secretory IgA-positive cell numbers in the jejunum remained unchanged between neonatal and weaned piglets. Gene expression of 12 pattern recognition receptor (PRR) (TLR1–10, MDA5, and RIG-I) was examined in neonatal and weaned piglet small intestine (duodenum, jejunum , and ileum). The pattern of mRNA expression level of most PRR genes in the duodenum and jejunum was inverse of that in the ileum. Compared with weaned piglets, there were significantly fewer intestinal lymphocytes at birth in neonatal pigs. Conclusions: The physical, biochemical, and immune-related components of neonatal and weaned piglet small intestines were investigated to provide preliminary data on the pathogenetic mechanism for future studies.

scholarly journals Intestinal development of early-weaned piglets receiving diets supplemented with selected amino acids or polyamines

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Ewtushik ◽  
R. F. P. Bertolo ◽  
R. O. Ball
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Urea Cycle ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Intestinal Development ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Weaned Piglet ◽  
Mucosal Growth ◽  
Arginine Supplementation

Early-weaned piglets are subjected to various environmental and nutritional stresses that can result in overall poor performance. Several amino acids associated with the urea cycle have been shown to be critical to intestinal development and metabolism. The objective of this research was to examine performance and intestinal development in early-weaned piglets receiving diets supplemented with selected amino acids or polyamines. Forty-two Yorkshire piglets (3.94 ± 0.43 kg) weaned at ~12.5 d were randomly assigned to diets supplemented with either arginine, glutamate, citrulline, ornithine or polyamines, at levels of 0.93, 6.51, 0.94, 0.90 and 0.39%, respectively. Diets were fed for 12 d and various parameters to assess growth and intestinal development were measured. Glutamate supplementation enhanced both total and mucosal growth in several sections of the small intestine (P < 0.05), whereas polyamines were detrimental to intestinal growth. Arginine and glutamate supplementation prevented weaning-induced villus atrophy in the duodenum, compared with both the control and polyamine-fed pigs (P = 0.004). These results indicate that glutamate and arginine supplementation may enhance intestinal development of the early-weaned piglet, whereas polyamine supplementation at the ratios and concentrations used in this experiment is not recommended in typical early-weaned piglet diets. Key words: Early-weaning, amino acids, piglet, polyamine, small intestine, development

Interrelationships between gut morphology and faeces consistency in newly weaned piglets

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. M. Vente-Spreeuwenberg ◽  
J. M. A. J. Verdonk ◽  
A. C. Beynen ◽  
M. W. A. Verstegen
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Brush Border ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Brush Border Enzyme

AbstractA total of 104 weanling piglets was used to study the interrelationships between faeces consistency and mucosal integrity, as assessed by specific aminopeptidase and isomaltase-sucrase activity, villus height and crypt depth. Piglets were weaned at 26 (s.d. 1·4) days of age, weighing 8·4 (s.d. 0·70) kg. On the day of weaning (day 0), dissection was performed on one group of eight piglets. The remaining piglets were given restricted amounts of diets containing different protein sources. However, during the first 7 days post weaning 72% of the piglets ate on average less than 0·9 of the amount offered and thus actually had ad libitum access to food. On days 3 or 7 post weaning pigs were weighed and euthanased. Diet composition did not effect small intestine integrity and the data were pooled for further analysis. The weight of the stomach, large intestine and pancreas increased with time post weaning (P < 0·001). Small intestine weight decreased from day 0 to 3 and was increased again on day 7, exceeding the pre-weaning value (P < 0·001). Isomaltase-sucrase and aminopeptidase activities were decreased on days 3 and 7 when compared with day 0. Villus height was decreased after weaning, followed by an increase on day 7 post weaning at the proximal small intestine, but by a further decrease at the mid small intestine (P < 0·001). Crypt depth was increased after weaning (P < 0·001). Faeces consistency was scored twice a day on a scale from 0 to 3 with increasing liquid nature. The average percentage of days during which piglets had more-liquid faeces was 26%. During the 1st week post weaning, 73% of the piglets showed a faeces score of 2 during at least 1 day. Villus height was positively correlated with food intake level, brush-border enzyme activity and dry matter content of the chyme. Villus height was negatively correlated with more-liquid faeces. Crypt depth was positively associated with the weight of various parts of the gastro-intestinal tract. It is concluded that this study supports the concept that food intake by weaned piglets determines villus height in the small intestine and brush-border enzyme production which in turn determine the risk of diarrhoea development.

STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN THE SMALL INTESTINE WALL AT THE MECHANICAL OBSTRUCTION OF THE DIGESTIVE CHANNEL IN THE EXPERIMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (67) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
I. Ya. Dzyubanovskyi ◽  
V. V. Benedykt ◽  
S. O. Nesteruk ◽  
K. S. Volkov
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Mechanical Obstruction

scholarly journals Impact of a dietary challenge with peroxidized oil on the glutathione redox status and integrity of the small intestine in weaned piglets

animal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1641-1650 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Degroote ◽  
W. Wang ◽  
H. Vergauwen ◽  
S. De Smet ◽  
C. Van Ginneken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Glutathione Redox

scholarly journals Functional and structural changes in the small intestine in children with hookworm infection.

1968 ◽  
Vol 43 (228) ◽  
pp. 235-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Guha ◽  
B. N. Walia ◽  
B. N. Tandon ◽  
O. P. Ghai
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Hookworm Infection

Effects of graded levels of xylo-oligosaccharides on growth performance, serum parameters, intestinal morphology and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxia Chen ◽  
Yining Xie ◽  
Ruqing Zhong ◽  
Hui Han ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Mrna Expression Levels

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) supplementation on growth performance, serum parameters, small intestinal morphology, intestinal mucosal integrity, and immune function in weaned piglets. A total of 240 weaned piglets with an average body weight (BW) of 8.82 ± 0.05 kg (28 d of age) were assigned randomly to 4 dietary treatments in a 28-d trial, including a control diet (CON), 3 diets with XOS supplementation at the concentration of 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg (XOS100, XOS500, and XOS1000). There were 4 replicates per treatment with 15 pigs per pen. From d 1 to 14, there were no differences (P &gt; 0.05) in average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain to feed ratio (G:F) during the different treatments. The different doses of XOS showed a quadratic effect on BW on d 28, ADG and G:F d 1-28 of piglets (P &lt; 0.05). From d 15 to 28, ADG of pigs fed the XOS500 diet was higher (P &lt; 0.05) than pigs fed the CON diet. During the overall period (d 1 to 28), pigs fed the XOS500 diet had a higher BW, ADG and G:F than pigs fed the CON diet (P &lt; 0.05). In addition, compared with the CON group, the XOS500 group had significantly higher serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) levels on d 14 and 28 (P &lt; 0.05). The serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration in the XOS500 group was also significantly higher compared with the CON group on d 14 and 28 (P &lt;0.05). However, serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) were not affected by the dietary treatments. Supplementation of XOS500 to the feed significantly increased the villus height (VH) and villus height to crypt depth ratio (VH:CD) in the jejunum and ileum in comparison with the CON and XOS1000 group. Moreover, the XOS500 group significantly elevated the expression levels of Occludin and zonula occludens protein-1 (ZO-1) in the ileum compared to the CON group. The ileal interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8 and interferon (IFN)-γ mRNA expression levels in the XOS100 and XOS500 group were markedly lower than in the CON group. In contrast, the ileal IL-10 mRNA expression levels were remarkably higher in the XOS500 than CON group. In conclusion, xylo-oligosaccharides have a beneficial effect on growth performance by improving serum antioxidant defense system, serum IgG, small intestinal structure and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets.

scholarly journals Effects of the Ratio of Insoluble Fiber to Soluble Fiber in Gestation Diets on Sow Performance and Offspring Intestinal Development

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Liu ◽  
Yang ◽  
He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Intestinal Development ◽  
Soluble Fiber ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Newborn Piglets ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Insoluble Fiber

To investigate the effects of the ratio of insoluble fiber to soluble fiber (ISF:SF) on sow performance and piglet intestinal development, we randomly assigned 64 gilts to four treatments comprising diets with the same level of dietary fiber, but different ISF:SF values of 3.89 (T1), 5.59 (T2), 9.12 (T3), and 12.81 (T4). At birth and weaning, six piglets per treatment at each phase were slaughtered for sampling. As ISF:SF increased, the mean piglet body weight (BW) at weaning and piglet BW gain, which were all significantly higher in T1 and T2 compared with T3 and T4 (p < 0.05), showed a linear decrease (p < 0.05); the crypt depth of the jejunum in weaned piglets linearly increased, whereas the duodenal weight, jejunal villus height, and villus height/crypt depth in newborn piglets and enzymatic activity of lactase, sucrase, and maltase linearly decreased (p < 0.05). No differences were observed in the yield and composition of milk (p > 0.05). Moreover, when the ISF:SF was 3.89 in gestation diets, higher piglet BW at weaning occurred, possibly because the ISF:SF affected development and enzymatic activity in the small intestine—effects related to digestion and absorption of nutrients—and consequently enhanced piglet BW gain.

scholarly journals PSVIII-18 Dietary supplementation with trihexanoin enhances intestinal function of weaned piglets

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 302-303
Author(s):  
Tao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Intestinal Function ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
And Function

Abstract Trihexanoin is a short-chain triglyceride (SCT). Many studies have reported that SCTs play important roles in the maintenance of intestinal epithelial structure and function. The present work was to investigate the effects of trihexanoin on growth performance, carbohydrate and fat metabolism, as well as intestinal morphology and function in weaned piglets. Twenty weaned piglets (21 ± 2 d) were randomly allocated to one of two treatment groups: the control group (basal diet supplemented with 0.5% soya oil); the TH group (basal diet supplemented with 0.5% trihexanoin). Dietary trihexanoin supplementation significantly reduced diarrhea rate (P &lt; 0.05); increased the concentrations of LDL, HDL and total protein, decreased cholesterol concentrations (CHOL) and glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activity in plasma (P &lt; 0.05); increased villus height, surface area, and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (P &lt; 0.05); altered the mRNA levels and abundances of proteins related to glycogen and fat metabolism (gene LIPE, LPL, PPARG, ACACA, FASN, SLC27A2, INSR, PCK1 and ASS1), mucosal barrier function (protein claudin-1, and occludin), antioxidant capacity (protein HSP70 and gene Nrf2, NOX2 and GSTO2) and water transport capacity (protein AQP3 and gene AQP8 and AQP10) (P &lt; 0.05); altered the gene abundance of intestinal bacteria (Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus, Clostridium, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium) (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of trihexanoin improved the intestinal function and health of weaned piglets by regulating nutrient metabolism, improving intestinal function of mucosal barrier, transport, absorption and antioxidant, and altering the community of microbiota.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary supplementation of guanidino acetic acid on growth performance, thigh meat quality and development of small intestine in Partridge-Shank broilers

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 (9) ◽  
pp. 1130-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. C. Ren ◽  
J. J. Xuan ◽  
X. C. Yan ◽  
Z. Z. Hu ◽  
F. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Crypt Depth

AbstractThe current experiment aimed at assessing the effects of dietary supplementation of guanidino acetic acid (GAA) on growth performance, thigh meat quality and development of small intestine in broilers. A total of 360 1-day-old female broiler chicks were distributed randomly to four groups of 90 birds each, and each group received GAA dosages of 0, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 g/kg of feed dry matter. During the whole experiment of 60 days, broilers hadad libitumaccess to water and feed and the feed intake was recorded daily. All broilers were weighed before and after the experiment, and 30 broilers of each group were selected randomly to slaughter at the end. Increasing dietary supplementation of GAA increased final live weight and daily body weight gain, gain-to-feed ratio, thigh muscle pH value and fibre diameter of broilers, but decreased daily feed intake, drip loss, cooking loss, shear force value, hardness, gumminess and chewiness of thigh meat. In addition, increasing supplementation of GAA quadratically increased duodenal, jejunal and ileal villus height and width and ratio of villus height to crypt depth, but decreased crypt depth. The results indicated that GAA as a feed additive may support better development of small intestine, thereby resulting in improvement of growth performance and meat quality of broilers.

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