The effect of offering diets with a reduced crude protein and digestible energy content on the retention and excretion of nitrogen by pigs

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 33-33
Author(s):  
P.A. Lee ◽  
R.M. Kay
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Reduced Crude Protein ◽  
Sparing Effect ◽  
The Cost

Manipulation of dietary nitrogen content can reduce nitrogen excretion (NE) by the pig by 40 per cent (Kay and Lee, 1995), which has major implications for pollution legislation. Past work (Kay and Lee, 1996) has shown that whilst reduced crude protein (CP) diets reduce NE whilst maintaining nitrogen retention (NR), there is also an increase in backfat depth at slaughter. This suggests an ‘energy sparing’ effect from the lower levels of excess amino acids which might be exploited to lower the cost of the reduced CP diets. The objective of this experiment was to determine the NR and NE of growing and finishing pigs offered diets with reduced CP and Digestible Energy (DE) contents compared with commercial diets or diets with reduced CP content only.

The effect of offering diets with a reduced crude protein and digestible energy content on the retention and excretion of nitrogen by pigs

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 33-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.A. Lee ◽  
R.M. Kay
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Reduced Crude Protein ◽  
Sparing Effect ◽  
The Cost

Manipulation of dietary nitrogen content can reduce nitrogen excretion (NE) by the pig by 40 per cent (Kay and Lee, 1995), which has major implications for pollution legislation. Past work (Kay and Lee, 1996) has shown that whilst reduced crude protein (CP) diets reduce NE whilst maintaining nitrogen retention (NR), there is also an increase in backfat depth at slaughter. This suggests an ‘energy sparing’ effect from the lower levels of excess amino acids which might be exploited to lower the cost of the reduced CP diets. The objective of this experiment was to determine the NR and NE of growing and finishing pigs offered diets with reduced CP and Digestible Energy (DE) contents compared with commercial diets or diets with reduced CP content only.

The effects of diets with reduced crude protein and digestible energy content on the performance of growing and finishing pigs and the characteristics of slurry produced

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 24-24
Author(s):  
P A Lee ◽  
A Armsby
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Reduced Crude Protein ◽  
Sparing Effect ◽  
Protein Diets

Formulating diets to match more closely the requirements of the pig for amino acids results in diets which are lower in crude protein (CP) than conventional commercial diets. The lower intake of nitrogen (N) which is concomitant with these diets results on lower N excretion. The excretion of excess N requires energy and previous nutrient balance work undertaken at Terrington (Lee and Kay, 1998) indicated that the ‘energy sparing’ effect of the reduced crude protein diets can be utilised by reducing the digestible energy (DE) content of reduced CP diets whilst at the same time maintaining the level of N retention. The objective of this work was to determine the performance carcass characteristics and slurry characteristics of growing/finishing pigs given reduced CP/DE diets.

scholarly journals Effects of enriched mesquite piperidine alkaloid extract in diets with reduced crude protein concentration on the rumen microbial efficiency and performance in lambs

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 268-280
Author(s):  
Eliseu Ferreira Brito ◽  
Mara Lúcia Albuquerque Pereira ◽  
Herymá Giovane de Oliveira Silva ◽  
Ana Cláudia Maia Soares ◽  
George Soares Correia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Microbial Efficiency ◽  
Reduced Crude Protein ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen Excretion

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of enriched mesquite piperidine alkaloid (MPA) extract at 31 mg/kg of dry matter (DM) in diets with 16% or 13% of crude protein (CP) compared to a diet with 16% CP without additive (control) and diets with monensin (MON) at 31 mg/kg DM and 16% or 13% CP. The intake, ingestive behaviour, apparent digestibility, body weight gain, microbial protein synthesis and nitrogen balance were evaluated. A total of 30 uncastrated crossbred Santa Inês × Bergamasca lambs were used and allocated in a completely randomized design. No effects of additives on dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), and non-fibre carbohydrate (NFC) intake were observed in diets with 16% and 13% CP compared to the control diet. The total digestible nutrient intake (g/kg BW) for the diet with MPA 13% CP was lower than for the control diet, while the metabolisable energy intake (MJ/kg BW) did not differ between diets. The DM feeding rate (g/min) was reduced for the diet with MON 13% CP compared to the control diet. There was no difference between MON or MPA with CP 16% or 13% and the control diet in the digestibility of DM, OM, NFC, and NDF. MON in the diet with 13% CP reduced the BW gain, which differed from the control diet, while MPA 13% CP did not differ from the control diet. The microbial protein synthesis efficiency was higher for diets with MPA compared to MON 13% CP and the control diet. Dietary nitrogen retention (g/kg metabolic weight) was lower in diets with 13% CP that differed from the diets with 16% CP. The nitrogen retained as a percentage of ingested and digested nitrogen was unchanged with the use of MPA or MON 13% CP due to lower urinary nitrogen excretion. The MPA 13% CP diet does not affect the performance of lambs by increasing the microbial synthesis efficiency in the rumen.

scholarly journals Digestibility of nutrients and nitrogen balance in chicken breeder meat direction of productivity at different levels of lysine in the fodder

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (74) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
I. I. Ibatullin ◽  
I. I. Ilchuk ◽  
M. Ya. Kryvenok
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Breeder Hens ◽  
Most Significant Change ◽  
Reduced Crude Protein

Experimentally determined digestibility of crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber and NFS and nitrogen balance in the body breeder hens, meat direction of productivity. Found that in the first age period – 27–39 weeks, the most significant change digestibility of crude protein for the reduction of lysine in fodder to 0.73%. It was lower than the control group counterparts to 2.46% (Р ˂ 0.05). Also, in the first 13 weeks of oviposition, the increase of lysine in chicken fodder to 0.81% observed increase digestibility of crude protein – at 1.08–2.14%, crude fat – at 0.82–2.70% (Р ˂ 0.05), and NFS – at 0.40–3.56%. In the second age period – 40–65 weeks significantly reduced crude protein digestibility in chickens that consumed the lowest amount of lysine – 0.71%. Factor protein digestibility in poultry this group was lower than control at 2.68% (Р ˂ 0.05). With the increase of lysine in the fodder in the last 25 weeks of oviposition, digestibility of crude protein has not changed, however, crude fat digestibility and NFS increased respectively by 0.64–1.70 and 1.72–2.00%. Digestibility of fat by changing lysine content in the fodder has not changed substantially. Reduction of lysine resulted in an increase in fodder nitrogen excretion of faeces at 7.02–11.00% (Р ˂ 0.05). Changing the content of lysine in the fodder chicken meat direction of productivity has not significantly affected the nitrogen retention in the body and the ratio of pent oxide in the body of the adopted feed.

The efficiency of food utilization for egg production by pullets and yearling hens

1959 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Bolton
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Low Energy Diet

1. The efficiency of food conversion by pullets and yearlings fed on high- and low-energy diets has been determined.2. Egg production was slightly higher by birds fed the low-energy diet for both pullets and yearling hens; pullets laid more eggs than yearling hens.3. For each age, the gross food intake was greater for birds fed the low-energy diet; the consumptions of digestible protein, non-protein digestible energy and metabolizable energy were the same for both diets and both ages of bird.4. The food cost per dozen eggs was slightly greater in the yearling year when the cost of rearing the pullets was ignored, and about the same when it was included.5. The efficiency of utilization of digestible energy and protein showed only a slight decrease from the pullet to the yearling year.6. The variation in the composition and digestibility of eighteen consecutive mixes of the highenergy diet and twenty-five of the low-energy diet was: crude protein 2%, non-protein digestible energy 5% and metabolizable energy 0·4 kg. cal./g. The digestibility of the crude protein and oil was 87%, for both diets; carbohydrates were 81% digestible in the high-energy diet and 59% in the low-energy diet.

Least cost diets to reduce nitrogen excretion by growing and finishing pigs

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 36-36
Author(s):  
R.M. Kay ◽  
P.A. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Water System ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Ideal Protein ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Feeding Diets

In the UK, pollution of the water system with nitrate nitrogen leaching from the soil is seen as a major problem and farm animal effluents have been identified as a major source of nitrate pollution. It would, therefore, be beneficial to the livestock producer and to the environment if the nitrogen excretion from animals could be kept to a minimum. To limit the excretion of nitrogen by the pig, it is necessary to supply amino acids in the diet in better agreement with its dietary requirements. This could be achieved either by feeding diets according to the pig's requirements based on age and/or weight (phase feeding) or by improving protein quality. The best protein quality would be that which has the same balance of essential amino acids (EAA) with respect to lysine as that required by the pig, i.e. ideal protein. Diets formulated on the basis of total dietary EAA on an ideal protein basis, using crystalline EAA, could enable lower crude protein (CP) diets to be offered whilst maintaining nitrogen retention (NR). An alternative approach to formulating diets would be to base the formulations on either: 1) currently available, commercial database values for ileal digestible EAA values of ingredients to achieve diets as close to ideal protein as possible but within least cost formulation constraints; or 2) ingredients limited simply to cereals and pulses and supplemented with crystalline EAA to formulate as close to ideal protein as possible. The object of the present experiment was to evaluate diets, formulated on this basis, in terms of nitrogen intake (NI), excretion (NE) and retention (NR) in pigs using balance studies.

Aspects of nitrogen utilization in Asiatic water buffalo and Zebu cattle

1983 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Water Buffalo ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Faecal Nitrogen ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

SUMMARYThe results of 62 comparative digestibility and nitrogen balance trials of Asiatic water buffalo and Zebu cattle fed the same roughage or mixed diet were analysed to test for species differences in various nitrogen input-output relationships. The influence of dietary metabolizable energy content on the utilization of dietary or apparently digested nitrogen (ADN) was also investigated.There was no difference between buffaloes and Zebus in their ability to digest dietary nitrogen. The true nitrogen digestibility was calculated to be 81% and the metabolic faecal nitrogen excretion to be 0·36 g N/lOOg dry-matter intake. The buffaloes had lower rates of excretion of urinary nitrogen per unit increase in ADN, and at the same intake of ADN (143 mg/kg live weight/day), they had the higher nitrogen balance: 58v.48 mg/kg live weight/day. Dietary metabolizable energy content did not affect the utilization of digested nitrogen.Estimates of metabolic faecal nitrogen and endogenous urinary nitrogen excretions and of maintenance requirements for digested nitrogen were similar to those of tropical large ruminants reported by other workers. On low-quality (0·8% N) or medium-quality (1·6% N) diets, it was calculated that buffaloes would have nitrogen balances.

Nitrogen retention during late gestation in the rat in response to marginal zinc intake

1980 ◽  
Vol 239 (2) ◽  
pp. E113-E118 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Greeley ◽  
G. J. Fosmire ◽  
H. H. Sandstead
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dietary Zinc ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Multiple Stepwise Regression Analysis ◽  
Zinc Concentrations

This study was conducted to characterize nitrogen retention in response to marginal dietary zinc during gestation. Long-Evans rats were randomly assigned to one of two dietary groups on day 1 of gestation. The dams were fed a basal diet supplemented with either restricted or control levels of zinc. Feces and urine were collected for 24 h on day 20 of pregnancy, and their nitrogen and zinc contents were determined. Urinary and fecal nitrogen excretions were similar for zinc-restricted and control dams, whereas fecal zinc excretions were depressed by feeding the zinc-restricted diet. Mean zinc and nitrogen retentions were negative for the zinc-restricted and positive for the control groups. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that nitrogen retention on day 20 depended on both dietary nitrogen and zinc intakes. Zinc-restricted offspring weighed 12% less and the maternal plasma zinc concentrations were reduced by 66% when compared with the control group values on day 22. Marginal dietary zinc and the associated anorexia limited fetal growth without causing excessive nitrogen excretion or severe weight loss.

Nitrogen losses and the utilization of ammonium nitrogen by herbage from spread slurry produced by pigs offered diets formulated to reduce nitrogen excretion

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 150-150
Author(s):  
T.H. Misselbrook ◽  
B.F. Pain ◽  
R.M. Kay ◽  
P.A. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Nitrogen Losses ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Available N ◽  
Reduced Crude Protein

Nitrogen losses following application of pig slurry to grassland represent not only a loss of available N for plant growth, but also a source of air and water pollution by ammonia volatilization, denitrification and nitrate leaching. Previous small scale experiments showed that by reducing the crude protein content of the pigs diet, the slurry nitrogen content was also reduced (Hobbs et al., in press). The aim of this study was to investigate the nitrogen uptake by herbage and losses to the environment following application to grassland of slurry from pigs fed a reduced crude protein diet.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document