Nitrogen losses and the utilization of ammonium nitrogen by herbage from spread slurry produced by pigs offered diets formulated to reduce nitrogen excretion

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 150-150
Author(s):  
T.H. Misselbrook ◽  
B.F. Pain ◽  
R.M. Kay ◽  
P.A. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Nitrogen Losses ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Available N ◽  
Reduced Crude Protein

Nitrogen losses following application of pig slurry to grassland represent not only a loss of available N for plant growth, but also a source of air and water pollution by ammonia volatilization, denitrification and nitrate leaching. Previous small scale experiments showed that by reducing the crude protein content of the pigs diet, the slurry nitrogen content was also reduced (Hobbs et al., in press). The aim of this study was to investigate the nitrogen uptake by herbage and losses to the environment following application to grassland of slurry from pigs fed a reduced crude protein diet.

Nitrogen losses and the utilization of ammonium nitrogen by herbage from spread slurry produced by pigs offered diets formulated to reduce nitrogen excretion

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 150-150
Author(s):  
T.H. Misselbrook ◽  
B.F. Pain ◽  
R.M. Kay ◽  
P.A. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Nitrogen Losses ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Available N ◽  
Reduced Crude Protein

Nitrogen losses following application of pig slurry to grassland represent not only a loss of available N for plant growth, but also a source of air and water pollution by ammonia volatilization, denitrification and nitrate leaching. Previous small scale experiments showed that by reducing the crude protein content of the pigs diet, the slurry nitrogen content was also reduced (Hobbs et al., in press). The aim of this study was to investigate the nitrogen uptake by herbage and losses to the environment following application to grassland of slurry from pigs fed a reduced crude protein diet.

509 Environmental impact based on life cycle assessment of starting pig production receiving diets with reduced crude protein content

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (suppl_4) ◽  
pp. 248-248
Author(s):  
A. N. T. R. Monteiro ◽  
M. R. Fachinello ◽  
L. M. Diaz-Huepa ◽  
A. V. S. Partyka ◽  
R. V. Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Pig Production ◽  
Reduced Crude Protein

The effect of offering diets with a reduced crude protein and digestible energy content on the retention and excretion of nitrogen by pigs

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 33-33
Author(s):  
P.A. Lee ◽  
R.M. Kay
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Reduced Crude Protein ◽  
Sparing Effect ◽  
The Cost

Manipulation of dietary nitrogen content can reduce nitrogen excretion (NE) by the pig by 40 per cent (Kay and Lee, 1995), which has major implications for pollution legislation. Past work (Kay and Lee, 1996) has shown that whilst reduced crude protein (CP) diets reduce NE whilst maintaining nitrogen retention (NR), there is also an increase in backfat depth at slaughter. This suggests an ‘energy sparing’ effect from the lower levels of excess amino acids which might be exploited to lower the cost of the reduced CP diets. The objective of this experiment was to determine the NR and NE of growing and finishing pigs offered diets with reduced CP and Digestible Energy (DE) contents compared with commercial diets or diets with reduced CP content only.

The effect of ERDP:FME ratio and DUP supply from concentrates on the performance of lactating ewes offered grazed grass

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 160-160
Author(s):  
R.G. Wilkinson ◽  
L.A. Sinclair ◽  
J. Powles ◽  
C.M. Minter
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Nitrogen Utilisation ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen ◽  
Degradable Protein

Fresh grass is a highly variable product, which is generally characterised as having a high crude protein content, with a high rate and extent of degradation in the rumen. For lactating ruminants, this may result in an effective rumen degradable protein: fermentable metabolisable energy (ERDP:FME) ratio in excess of the optimum requirement for microbial growth, leading to inefficient nitrogen utilisation and high levels of urinary nitrogen excretion. One method of improving the efficiency of nitrogen utilisation is the use of supplements. An appropriate supplement should optimise ERDP and FME supply to the rumen and provide sufficient metabolisable protein (MP) to balance animal requirements. The objective of the experiment was to investigate the response of lactating ewes offered grazed grass to variations in ERDP:FME ratio and digestible undegradable protein (DUP) supply from concentrate supplements.

scholarly journals Forage intake processes by goats on a massai grass pasture with different sward heights

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 4339
Author(s):  
Marcônio Martins Rodrigues ◽  
Maria Elizabete Oliveira ◽  
Tânia Maria Leal ◽  
Raniel Lustosa Moura ◽  
Daniel Louçana da Costa Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Intake Process ◽  
Bite Rate ◽  
Sward Height ◽  
Morphological Composition ◽  
Reduced Crude Protein ◽  
Forage Intake

The objective of this study was to evaluate the forage-intake process of goats feeding on Massai grass pastures with different heights (40, 50, 60, and 70 cm). The experimental design was completely randomized, with treatments corresponding to four sward heights with two replicates over time and space. Collected data were related to the forage-intake process and the chemical and morphological composition of the pasture. Grazing trials (45 min) were performed with four Anglo-Nubian crossbred goats. Total forage mass intake, bite mass, and intake rate were expressed in relation to animal weight. Pasture density, forage mass, and leaf blade increased as forage height increased. The chemical composition of forage at the evaluated heights was similar, except for reduced crude protein content at 70-cm height. Bite rate, intake rate, and time per bite had a quadratic relationship with increasing sward height. The greatest intake rate was observed at 54.7 cm of height, with 0.136 g DM min-1 kg-1 LW. Bite rate exhibited a linear and positive correlation with increase in intake. At the 50-cm height, goats harvested a mass of 3.65 g DM bite-1 kg-1 LW, when they performed 34.5 bites per minute. Adult goats had a greater forage intake on 50-cm high Massai grass pastures because they could obtain a greater bite mass in a shorter time per bite.

The effect of ERDP:FME ratio and DUP supply from concentrates on the performance of lactating ewes offered grazed grass

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 160-160
Author(s):  
R.G. Wilkinson ◽  
L.A. Sinclair ◽  
J. Powles ◽  
C.M. Minter
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Nitrogen Utilisation ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen ◽  
Degradable Protein

Fresh grass is a highly variable product, which is generally characterised as having a high crude protein content, with a high rate and extent of degradation in the rumen. For lactating ruminants, this may result in an effective rumen degradable protein: fermentable metabolisable energy (ERDP:FME) ratio in excess of the optimum requirement for microbial growth, leading to inefficient nitrogen utilisation and high levels of urinary nitrogen excretion. One method of improving the efficiency of nitrogen utilisation is the use of supplements. An appropriate supplement should optimise ERDP and FME supply to the rumen and provide sufficient metabolisable protein (MP) to balance animal requirements. The objective of the experiment was to investigate the response of lactating ewes offered grazed grass to variations in ERDP:FME ratio and digestible undegradable protein (DUP) supply from concentrate supplements.

scholarly journals Digestibility of nutrients and nitrogen balance in chicken breeder meat direction of productivity at different levels of lysine in the fodder

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (74) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
I. I. Ibatullin ◽  
I. I. Ilchuk ◽  
M. Ya. Kryvenok
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Breeder Hens ◽  
Most Significant Change ◽  
Reduced Crude Protein

Experimentally determined digestibility of crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber and NFS and nitrogen balance in the body breeder hens, meat direction of productivity. Found that in the first age period – 27–39 weeks, the most significant change digestibility of crude protein for the reduction of lysine in fodder to 0.73%. It was lower than the control group counterparts to 2.46% (Р ˂ 0.05). Also, in the first 13 weeks of oviposition, the increase of lysine in chicken fodder to 0.81% observed increase digestibility of crude protein – at 1.08–2.14%, crude fat – at 0.82–2.70% (Р ˂ 0.05), and NFS – at 0.40–3.56%. In the second age period – 40–65 weeks significantly reduced crude protein digestibility in chickens that consumed the lowest amount of lysine – 0.71%. Factor protein digestibility in poultry this group was lower than control at 2.68% (Р ˂ 0.05). With the increase of lysine in the fodder in the last 25 weeks of oviposition, digestibility of crude protein has not changed, however, crude fat digestibility and NFS increased respectively by 0.64–1.70 and 1.72–2.00%. Digestibility of fat by changing lysine content in the fodder has not changed substantially. Reduction of lysine resulted in an increase in fodder nitrogen excretion of faeces at 7.02–11.00% (Р ˂ 0.05). Changing the content of lysine in the fodder chicken meat direction of productivity has not significantly affected the nitrogen retention in the body and the ratio of pent oxide in the body of the adopted feed.

scholarly journals Preliminary Observations On The Use Of Dry Urea Treatment And Toasting For Improving The Nutritive Value Of Jackbean

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
A. B. I. Udedibie ◽  
C. N. Obaji
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Feed Ingredient ◽  
Urea Treatment ◽  
Reduced Crude Protein ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Raw unprocessed jackbean contains 28 - 30% crude protein but also contains toxic elements that limit its use as feed ingredient for monogastric animals. A 21-day feeding trial was conducted to determine the effect of dry urea treatment prior to toasting on its nutritive value for young broiler chicks. One of two batches of raw jackbean was mixed with 2.5% of its weight of crushed urea and allowed to stand for 10 days and then toasted. The other batch was toasted without urea application. The two treated jackbean meals were used to compound broiler starter diets at 10 and 20% dietary levels, respectively, and along with control diet fed to groups of 40 young broiler chicks for 21 days. Hydrolysis of urea by the urease of the jackbean was completed in six days. Urea treatment/toasting slightly reduced crude protein content of jackbean, but diets containing it at both 10% and 20% compared favourably with the control. Raw toasted jackbean significantly (P<0.05) depressed performance of the young broiler chicks at 20% dietary level.

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