The effect of supranational identity on cultural values in Europe

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina M. Zapryanova ◽  
Lena Surzhko-Harned
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
State Level ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Systematic Effect ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Norm Diffusion ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
European Values

Does supranational identity have an independent effect on individuals’ beliefs about culturally contested issues in their national systems? This article demonstrates that self-categorization in the supranational realm – a seemingly unrelated category to domestic value cleavages – has implications for individuals’ views on cultural issues. Traditional theories of international norm diffusion focus almost exclusively on state-level interactions, but our findings provide further evidence to the existence of a more direct mechanism through which norms reach some citizens. A sense of identification with a supranational entity such as Europe makes citizens more likely to espouse the views and opinions promoted by supranational organizations. We use the European Values Study to examine whether supranational identity is associated with socially liberal preferences. Results from the multi-level models indicate that supranational identity exerts a systematic effect on attitudes toward lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender rights and gender equality. Additionally, while these effects are more consistent in EU member states, supranational identity exhibits a similar impact on social attitudes in non-EU countries such as those in the former Soviet Union.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
pp. 217-246
Author(s):  
Conor O'Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Organizational Development ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Us ◽  
Applied Lessons ◽  
Lgbt Activism ◽  
The Face

This chapter begins with a review of the book’s argument and principal findings. It then discusses theoretical and applied lessons for the study of sexual citizenship and the practice of LGBT activism in the new EU member-states of postcommunist Europe. The chapter’s remaining sections reflect on the argument’s implications for other social issues and regional contexts. These include the women’s movement in contemporary Poland, Roma activism in Hungary, and LGBT activism outside the sphere of potential EU applicant-states (especially the former Soviet Union and Latin America). Animating this discussion is the question of how to account for instances when social movements fail to thrive, or even wither, in the face of backlash. A second animating question is what counts as social movement “success,” policy gains or organizational development? The chapter concludes with some speculation about LGBT activism in the US and Western Europe in light of the contemporary turn to populist-nationalist politics in both places.

scholarly journals Civil liberties and Volunteering in Six Former Soviet Union Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1150-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiga Kamerāde ◽  
Jo Crotty ◽  
Sergej Ljubownikow
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
Orange Revolution ◽  
European Values ◽  
European Values Study ◽  
Using Data

To contribute to the debate as to whether volunteering is an outcome of democratization rather than a driver of it, we analyze how divergent democratization pathways in six countries of the former Soviet Union have led to varied levels of volunteering. Using data from the European Values Study, we find that Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia—which followed a Europeanization path—have high and increasing levels of civil liberties and volunteering. In Russia and Belarus, following a pre-emption path, civil liberties have remained low and volunteering has declined. Surprisingly, despite the Orange Revolution and increased civil liberties, volunteering rates in Ukraine have also declined. The case of Ukraine indicates that the freedom to participate is not always taken up by citizens. Our findings suggest it is not volunteering that brings civil liberties, but rather that increased civil liberties lead to higher levels of volunteering.

scholarly journals Understanding Patterns of Economic Insecurity for Post-Soviet Migrant Women in Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Gewinner ◽  
Stefania Salvino
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Life Domains ◽  
Migrant Women ◽  
Economic Insecurity ◽  
Online Data ◽  
Union Experience

This study deals with meanings of economic insecurity for post-Soviet migrant women in Germany, Italy, and Spain, elaborating on its cultural underpinnings. Drawing upon several data sources, including interviews, observation, and online data, as well as judicial material, this study addresses the ways women from the former Soviet Union experience economic insecurity and which strategies they develop to cope. We consider women's age, social background, and level of education, analyzing their embeddedness into different life domains. We identify four patterns of coping with economic insecurity, linked to individual characteristics, cultural values and legal frame conditions in the countries under investigation, and provide implications for social mobility and conservative backlash in Europe.

Elites, Old and New in Novosibirsk

1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-115
Author(s):  
James Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
State Level ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Soviet System ◽  
Local Elites ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
State Regional

The collapse of communist rule has removed many of the obstacles to research into elites in the former Soviet Union. A clear difference of approach has emerged between investigations of state-level elites, which tend to be quantitative, and studies of sub-state regional and local elites, which tend to be qualitative. In the case of the Russian Federation, state-level regulation of elite circulation at all levels has weakened considerably with the disappearance of the CPSU nomenklatura mechanism of appointment. Concurrently, the fragmentation of power in the post-Soviet system, at a time of immense political and economic transformation, has accentuated the importance of sub-state regional and local elites.

Transformation of Masculinity in the Russian Cinema

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-148
Author(s):  
Ksenia V. Igaeva ◽  
Natalia V. Shmeleva
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
General Context ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Social Foundations ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
Soviet Cinema ◽  
Crisis Of Masculinity ◽  
Russian Cinema

The article discusses the issues of gender identity and the crisis of masculinity in the Soviet and post-Soviet cinema in comparison with Western films. Social instability becomes the basis for rethinking cultural identity and expanding the typology of masculinity. This imbalance is most clearly visible in the cinema, which is a beneficial environment for actualizing problematic socio-cultural issues and forming some gender stereotypes and normative behaviors that later enter everyday reality. Following the West, the Russian cinema also focuses on the substantive side of the concept of “masculinity”, which is based on the specifics of national identity, traditional goals and social foundations. It is significant that the hegemonic masculinity characteristic of the Western cinema was not basically common in the Soviet era, whose masculinity model was the image of a leader, a worker, and, in the post-war period, a front-line soldier. The collapse of the Soviet Union and the beginning of capitalist relations in Russia caused the overthrow of former cultural values and the crisis of Soviet identity. The suppression of the male characters’ “sensitivity” was replaced by a total emancipation and sexuality, which can be witnessed in the abundance of scenes of a sexual nature in the films of the 1990s. However, in the post-Soviet cinema, the focus on the values of Western culture, in which a crisis of masculinity was already evident, stimulated the interest in the Russian image of masculinity, which initially manifested itself in romanticizing the image of a “fair gangster,” and later — in the appeal to traditional Russian and Soviet heroes. Since the 2010s, the glorification of the Russian criminal past has declined, opening the space for the emergence of new types of Russian masculinity. The general context of these transformations is represented by the changes of masculinity from the Soviet traumatic, through the post-Soviet (crisis) to the contemporary one.

Issues of media education of the USA and Canada in the information society

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Hlib Holovchenko
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
Information Society ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Media Education ◽  
Efficient Technology ◽  
The Usa ◽  
European Values

ABSTRACT The experience of different countries concerning the formation of preconditions for the development of the information society has been considered. The consequences of “totalitarian” model during the transition to open democratic civil society and the role of education and educators in this process have been defined on the example of Russia, Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia. The introduction of media education on the example of the U.S. and Canada as development of society and civilized economy has been substantiated. Didactic information space (DIS) - a unique educational technology, which was elaborated by scientists in the Mykolaiv College of Press and Television - has been characterized. It has proven to be the most efficient technology in the former Soviet Union that considers civic, social, educational direction, taking into account the information society. It has been determined that for further research it will be interesting to study interrelation between the need to obtain simultaneously a huge amount of experience - understanding European values, the next stage of human development (transition from industrial to information), the acquisition of democratic thinking, understanding of civil society - and the public acquisition of media literacy skills through the widespread introduction of media education. There exists the need of simultaneous acquisition of knowledge and skills that makes the process complicated. In addition, none of the considered aspects are taught in any school discipline and unfortunately they are submitted only in several universities of Ukraine. But there is a positive experimental experience of Mykolaiv College of Press and Television through the interrelation of classroom and extracurricular activities.

scholarly journals Higher Education as a Means of Achieving Economic Growth and Development – A Comparative Analysis of Selected EU and former Soviet Union Countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 93-114
Author(s):  
Maja Grdinić
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Economic Growth And Development ◽  
Eu Member States

In the last twenty years, higher education policies have become increasingly important national priorities in both the developed and the developing countries. According to the endogenous growth theory, higher education and thereby accumulation of human capital is considered to be the main driver of economic competitiveness in the growing global economy founded on knowledge. Thus, as education is undoubtedly one of the main drivers of economic growth and development, an increase in the real expenditures for education is found in many countries. All this is especially evident in times of rapid technological changes. The interest of this paper is to show the relationship between GDP and public spending on education by applying the method of panel data analysis on the selected EU Member States and former Soviet Union Countries for the period 2000 – 2011. The results of the analysis showed that public expenditure for education, as well the size of the tertiary educated workforce and the number of researchers have a positive impact on GDP growth.

scholarly journals Seventh International Meeting of the European Laboratory Working Group on Diphtheria - Vienna, June 2002

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Kelly ◽  
A Efstratiou ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
International Meeting ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Accession Countries ◽  
European Laboratory ◽  
Independent States

The Seventh International Meeting of the European Laboratory Working Group on Diphtheria (ELWGD) was held in Vienna, Austria in June 2002 and brought together the microbiologists and epidemiologists responsible for diphtheria in many countries throughout the world. The ELWGD was formed in 1993 in response to the epidemics of diphtheria in Russia and the Newly Independent States (NIS) of the former Soviet Union (1,2). These epidemics, and others elsewhere, highlighted the importance of strengthening and maintaining both epidemiological surveillance and reliable laboratory screening. Since December 2001, these areas have been progressed and strengthened by European Commission (EC) funding to undertake a feasibility study for diphtheria surveillance amongst European Union (EU) member states and accession countries, and to establish a definitive and official European diphtheria surveillance network called DIPNET (EC DG SANCO Agreement No. S12.324473 (2001 CVG4-012)). This was the first international meeting of the ELWGD to be organised and funded under the auspice of the DIPNET (European Diphtheria Surveillance Network).

scholarly journals Multilingualism and Social Inclusion

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
László Marácz ◽  
Silvia Adamo
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Language Education ◽  
State Level ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Thematic Issue ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Global Language

This is a thematic issue on the relation between multilingualism and social inclusion. Due to globalization, Europeanization, supranational and transnational regulations linguistic diversity and multilingualism are on the rise. Migration and old and new forms of mobility play an important role in these processes. As a consequence, English as the only global language is spreading around the world, including Europe and the European Union. Social and linguistic inclusion was accounted for in the pre-globalization age by the nation-state ideology implementing the ‘one nation-one people-one language’ doctrine into practice. This lead to forced linguistic assimilation and the elimination of cultural and linguistic heritage. Now, in the present age of globalization, linguistic diversity at the national state level has been recognized and multilingual states have been developing where all types of languages can be used in governance and daily life protected by a legal framework. This does not mean that there is full equality of languages. This carries over to the fair and just social inclusion of the speakers of these weaker, dominated languages as well. There is always a power question related to multilingualism. The ten case studies in this thematic issue elaborate on the relation between multilingualism and social inclusion. The articles in this issue refer to this topic in connection with different spaces, including the city, the island, and the globe; in connection with different groups, like Roma in the former Soviet-Union and ethnic Albanians in Macedonia; in connection with migration and mobility of Nordic pensioners to the south of Europe, and language education in Scotland; and finally in connection with bilingual education in Austria and Estonia as examples of successful practices including multilingualism under one and the same school roof.

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