scholarly journals Gender Differences in Emotions, Forgiveness and Tolerance in Relation to Political Violence

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Conejero ◽  
Itziar Etxebarria ◽  
Ignacio Montero
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
Intergroup Conflicts ◽  
The One ◽  
Violence Attitudes ◽  
Short Time

AbstractThis study, which forms part of a broader research project, analyzes gender differences in: the intensity of diverse emotions, the justification of violence, attitudes towards the terrorist group ETA, forgiveness and tolerance. Participants comprised 728 people (45.5% men and 54.5% women) resident in either Basque Country or Navarra (Spain), representative of all national identities and political ideologies existing in this context. An ad hoc questionnaire was designed and administered between November 2005 and February 2006, a short time before ETA declared a ceasefire. Women reported more intensity in fear for political reasons and scored higher in two of the six measures of empathy included in the study (empathy with prisoners and empathy with those who suffer and think like oneself). Men scored higher in positive emotionality, indifference and Schadenfreude. Women perceived apology and forgiveness as more necessary elements for achieving peace than men. These results suggest that it may be beneficial for women to play a more prominent role in relation to the resolution of intergroup conflicts such as the one existing in the Basque Country.

LESS DIVIDED AFTER ETA? THE EVOLUTION OF IDEOLOGICAL CLEAVAGES IN THE BASQUE ENVIRONMENTAL FIELD, 2007–2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-236
Author(s):  
Alejandro Ciordia
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
Political Community ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Civic Organizations

The Basque Country has traditionally been considered a strongly polarized political community. The influence of the center-periphery cleavage and the shadow of political violence have conditioned many aspects of social life, including relations among civic organizations. Previous literature suggests that differences in organizations’ national identities and/or position towards ETA’s (Euskadi ta Askatasuna, or Basque Country and Freedom in the Basque language) violence have often acted as cleavages fragmenting collective action fields. This research examines whether this picture changed substantially after ETA’s abandonment of violence in 2011 by taking the environmental field as a case study and looking at the evolution of patterns of interorganizational collaboration between 2007 and 2017. The results of statistical network analyses show that both Basque nationalism and ideological positions towards ETA’s use of violence had a strong influence on organizations’ decisions to collaborate with one another up to 2011, whereas during the more recent postconflict period, collaboration seems to occur in a more pluralistic and less ideologically driven fashion.

Ethnogenesis in the Pyrenees: The Contentious Making of a National Identity in the Basque Country (1643–2017)

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 462-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludger Mees
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Identity Change ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Nationalist Movement ◽  
Political Religion

Focusing on the Basque case study, this article adopts a historical longue-durée perspective over more than two centuries (nineteenth and twentieth) in order to better identify the dialectic in the process of identity formation and change of a small European, stateless community, separated by a borderline and living in two different political, socioeconomic and cultural settings. The political expression of this long process of Basque ‘ethnogenesis’ (A.D. Smith) was the rise of the nationalist movement in the Spanish Basque Country at the end of the nineteenth century. By tracing the analysis of Basque identity back to pre-modern times and following its path to the present, this article aims to produce new insights into the factors that trigger the crucial moments of identity change that bring to an end previous periods of stability. Its epistemological fundaments are connected to some prominent topics that have been widely discussed by historians and other social scientists concerned with nationalism and national identity (the cultural shape of national identities; ‘modernists’ versus ‘ethno-symbolists’; nationalism and political religion; national identity and political violence).

Gender Differences in Emotions in a Context of Political Violence

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Conejero ◽  
Itziar Etxebarria ◽  
Ignacio Montero ◽  
Aitziber Pascual
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Political Violence

Der Erzieher als Manager

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-530
Author(s):  
Diana Lohwasser
Keyword(s):  
Educational Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Critical View ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Time Diagnosis

Abstract The Educator as a Manager. A Critical View In the following article tasks and motifs of the educator as manager are described. It is clear that there are other educator metaphors and associated behaviors. To some extent, the actions of the different educator metaphors overlap, but they differ in their purpose and perspective on the educational process and the person to be educated. First, a short time diagnosis is made, which describes the context of this metaphor of the educator as manager. Subsequently, on the one hand, the various motifs, tasks and objectives of an educator as manager are discussed. On the other hand, it is asked if it is possible in the current discourse to take a different perspective on the educational process.

Avenues to Precision Oncology

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-45
Author(s):  
Alexander Meisel
Keyword(s):  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Trial Design ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Clinical Trial Design ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Precision Oncology ◽  
Companion Diagnostics ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
The One

Until recently, the clinical management of cancer heavily relied on anatomical and histopathological criteria, with ad hoc guidelines directing the therapeutic choices in specific indications. In the last years, the development and therapeutic implementation of novel anticancer therapies significantly improved the clinical outcome of cancer patients. Nonetheless, such cutting-edge approaches revealed the limitation of the one-size-fits-all paradigm. The newly discovered molecular targets can be exploited either as bona fide targets for subsequent drug development, or as tools to precision medicine, in the form of prognostic and/or predictive biomarkers. This article provides an overview of some of the most recent advances in precision medicine in oncology, with a focus on novel tissue-agnostic anticancer therapies. The definition and implementation of biomarkers and companion diagnostics in clinical trials and clinical practice are also discussed, as well as the changing landscape in clinical trial design.

scholarly journals Deep Learning Approach for Vibration Signals Applications

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3929
Author(s):  
Han-Yun Chen ◽  
Ching-Hung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
Parameters Optimization ◽  
Frequency Spectra ◽  
Vibration Signals ◽  
Bearing Faults ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The One ◽  
Short Time

This study discusses convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for vibration signals analysis, including applications in machining surface roughness estimation, bearing faults diagnosis, and tool wear detection. The one-dimensional CNNs (1DCNN) and two-dimensional CNNs (2DCNN) are applied for regression and classification applications using different types of inputs, e.g., raw signals, and time-frequency spectra images by short time Fourier transform. In the application of regression and the estimation of machining surface roughness, the 1DCNN is utilized and the corresponding CNN structure (hyper parameters) optimization is proposed by using uniform experimental design (UED), neural network, multiple regression, and particle swarm optimization. It demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach to obtain a structure with better performance. In applications of classification, bearing faults and tool wear classification are carried out by vibration signals analysis and CNN. Finally, the experimental results are shown to demonstrate the effectiveness and performance of our approach.

PP469 From Theory To Practice: Which Value Framework Is Applied For Onco-Hematology Therapies In Italy? A 5-year Retrospective Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (S1) ◽  
pp. 37-37
Author(s):  
Americo Cicchetti ◽  
Rossella Di Bidino ◽  
Entela Xoxi ◽  
Irene Luccarini ◽  
Alessia Brigido
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
National Level ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
European Medicines Agency ◽  
The Real ◽  
R Process ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionDifferent value frameworks (VFs) have been proposed in order to translate available evidence on risk-benefit profiles of new treatments into Pricing & Reimbursement (P&R) decisions. However limited evidence is available on the impact of their implementation. It's relevant to distinguish among VFs proposed by scientific societies and providers, which usually are applicable to all treatments, and VFs elaborated by regulatory agencies and health technology assessment (HTA), which focused on specific therapeutic areas. Such heterogeneity in VFs has significant implications in terms of value dimension considered and criteria adopted to define or support a price decision.MethodsA literature research was conducted to identify already proposed or adopted VF for onco-hematology treatments. Both scientific and grey literature were investigated. Then, an ad hoc data collection was conducted for multiple myeloma; breast, prostate and urothelial cancer; and Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) therapies. Pharmaceutical products authorized by European Medicines Agency from January 2014 till December 2019 were identified. Primary sources of data were European Public Assessment Reports and P&R decision taken by the Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA) till September 2019.ResultsThe analysis allowed to define a taxonomy to distinguish categories of VF relevant to onco-hematological treatments. We identified the “real-world” VF that emerged given past P&R decisions taken at the Italian level. Data was collected both for clinical and economical outcomes/indicators, as well as decisions taken on innovativeness of therapies. Relevant differences emerge between the real world value framework and the one that should be applied given the normative framework of the Italian Health System.ConclusionsThe value framework that emerged from the analysis addressed issues of specific aspects of onco-hematological treatments which emerged during an ad hoc analysis conducted on treatment authorized in the last 5 years. The perspective adopted to elaborate the VF was the one of an HTA agency responsible for P&R decisions at a national level. Furthermore, comparing a real-world value framework with the one based on the general criteria defined by the national legislation, our analysis allowed identification of the most critical point of the current national P&R process in terms ofsustainability of current and future therapies as advance therapies and agnostic-tumor therapies.

scholarly journals Terrorist campaigns and the growth of the Muslim population: a reply

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Clara Egger ◽  
Raul Magni-Berton
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
Religious Conversion ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
Terror Attacks ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract A recently published paper in this journal (Choi, 2021) establishes a statistical link between, on the one hand, Islamist terrorist campaigns – including terrorist attacks and online propaganda – and, on the other the growth of the Muslim population. The author explains this result by stating that successful campaigns lead some individuals to convert to Islam. In this commentary, we intend to reply to this article by focusing on the impact of terrorist attacks on religious conversion. We first show that Choi's results suffer from theoretical flaws – a failure to comprehensively unpack the link between violence and conversion – and methodological shortcomings – a focus on all terrorist groups over a period where Islamist attacks were rare. This leads us to replicate Choi's analysis by distinguishing Islamist and non-Islamist terror attacks on a more adequate timeframe. By doing so, we no longer find empirical support for the relationship between terror attacks and the growth of the Muslim population. However, our analyses suggest that such a hypothesis may hold but only in contexts where the level and intensity of political violence are high.

scholarly journals Burnout in Professional Caregivers and Quality of Life in Institutionalized Center Residents

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-53
Author(s):  
Juan P. Martínez ◽  
Inmaculada Méndez ◽  
Esther Secanilla ◽  
Ana Benavente ◽  
Julia García Sevilla
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
The Other ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Professional Caregiver ◽  
The One ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Professional Accomplishment

Starting from previous studies in professional caregivers of people with dementia and other diseases in institutionalized centers of different regions, the aim of this study was to compare burnout levels that workers present depending on the center, to create a caregiver profile with high professional accomplishment and to describe the quality of life that residents perceive Murcia and Barcelona. The instruments used were the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), the Professional Caregiver Survey developed ad hoc and the Brief Questionnaire of Quality of Life (CUBRECAVI in Spanish) on residents. The results show, on the one hand, that levels of professional accomplishment may be paradoxically higher in the case of catastrophe and, on the other hand, the 98.2% of users are satisfied with the residence in which is located and 81.8% with the manner in which occupy the time. The conclusions that are extrapolated from the study shed light on the current situation of workers and residents and the influence that an earthquake can have on them.

Acid Volatile Sulfide (AVS) and Simultaneously Extracted Metals (SEM) in Surface Sediments of Chaohu Lake, Anhui Province, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 779-780 ◽  
pp. 1213-1219
Author(s):  
Shu Qin Chen ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Zhao Sheng Chu ◽  
She Rong Hu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Acid Volatile Sulfide ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Chaohu Lake ◽  
Lake Surface ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The One ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Spot 5

At present there are few studies on the AVS and SEM in sediments of Chaohu Lake. Most of the previous studies on heavy metals based on the one time, the short-time or a local-scale survey. In this paper, [AVS] and [SEM] in Chaohu Lake surface sediments were studied for different seasons in 2007, 2008 and 2009. The results showed that: (a) The three-year average of [AV and [ΣSE in surface sediments of Chaohu Lake is 4.2μmolg-1and 2.31μmolg-1, respectively. The maximum of [AV appears on spot 5 (14.845μmolg-1) in summer while the minimum appears on spot 9 (0.13μmolg-1) in winter. (b) In spot 5 which near the estuary of Yuxi River, three-year average of [SE was the maximum (5.81μmolg-1), and the minimum of [ΣSE (0.07μmolg-1) appears on spot 8 which locates in the middle of Chaohu Lake. In spot 13 the [ΣSEM]-[AVS]=3.2>2 and [ΣSEM]/[AVS]=4.45>2.34 indicate that heavy metal contaminants from Hefei city have threatened the biosafety of Chaohu Lake. (c) The spatial autocorrelation of SEMCdis weak, which indicates that spatial distribution of SEMCdis determined by anthropogenic factors rather than sediments' own attribute. Chaohu Lake has been heavily polluted by Cd from no-point source and electronic electroplating industry.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document